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Dissertações |
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1
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ANA PAULA DAMASCENO SOUZA
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IMPACT ON WATER QUALITY AFTER THE DAM DISRUPTION OF THE FEIJÃO STREAM IN BRUMADINHO (MG) THROUGH ORBITAL SENSORS
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Orientador : CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
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Data: 18/07/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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According to the 2017 Dam Safety Report, in Brazil there are 24,092 structures registered as dams, 76% of which do not have enough information under the National Dam Safety Policy. The State of Minas Gerais, is responsible for approximately 44% of all the value generated by the exploration of mineral activity in the country. The rupture of the Brumadinho Dam, in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte, occurred on January 25, 2019, causing one of the biggest crimes of environmental impact with mining waste, affecting not only areas of dense vegetation but also the main river of the municipality, Paraopeba. The objective of this work was to identify and analyze the spatiality of the impacted area by means of orbital remote sensing, using spectral bands to detect the local water quality, due to the factors that caused the disaster of the tailings dam rupture. Córrego do Feijão mine in Brumadinho - MG, by means of remote sensing between the periods of 2018 and 2019. A bibliographic review was carried out about consultation with academic databases and the use of medium spatial resolution Orbital Images data processed through the Landsat 8 (OLI) and Sentinel-2 (MSI) platform, in addition to computational tools through the QGis software, for data synthesis and production. The variables that constituted the analyzes related to the water quality in this work were: chlorophyll-a, turbidity, total suspended solids and carbon. After the selection of the mapped points, the concentration values were checked and tabulated, in order to obtain the variation of the degree (low / medium / high) of the concentration points in limnological regions of the Paraopeba River basin.
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2
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FERNANDA MARIA DA ROSA
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Spectro-temporal analysis of anthropic interference in water production in the Guarani Aquifer
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Orientador : CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
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Data: 18/07/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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The Guarani Aquifer System (SAG) is one of the largest freshwater reservoirs in the world, and has been widely explored due to the quantity and quality of stored water, mainly in the outcrop and recharge areas where the aquifer is free (not confined). The outcrop and recharge areas are considered to be highly vulnerable and changes in land use and the activities carried out can impact the recharge potential and cause changes in water quality. The State of São Paulo is located under one of the outcrop and recharge areas and due to the high population density in the area covered, it is subject to constant transformations due to urban, industrial and agricultural expansion. The spectral-temporal analyzes of anthropic interference in water production were carried out in four delimited areas, located in the municipalities of Boa Esperança do Sul, Bofete, Brotas and São Simão, in the period from 2012 to 2018. The rain index was obtained through of the CHIRPS system. The actual evapotranspiration rate was obtained using the MODIS Sensor. The information on lithology and piezometric level was obtained through RIMAS of the Geological Service of Brazil. Hypsometric maps were made from images from the ALOS / Sensor Palsar satellite. The recharge estimates were performed using the computer program ESPERE, using the WTF (Water Table Fluctuation) method. The variables of land use (forest, exposed soil, anthropic use and water courses) were obtained through the Normalized Index for Fraction Difference proposed by Souza et al. (2005) supported by the Linear Spectral Mixing Model (MLME) algorithm through images from the Landsat 8 Satellite / OLI Sensor. Boxplot statistical analysis, canonical variables and Pearson's correlation, were performed using software R. The study areas showed significant anthropization. The study area located in the municipality of Boa Esperança do Sul presented a significant area with exposed soil, one of the smallest forest areas, one of the lowest evapotranspirative rates, and the lowest recharge potential. The study area located in the municipality of Bofete, presented the smallest area of exposed soil, one of the largest forest areas, high evapotranspirative rate and the greatest recharge potential. The study area located in the municipality of Brotas had one of the smallest forest areas, the lowest evapotranspirative rate and one of the lowest recharge potentials. The municipality of São Simão, despite having a forest area with a median higher than the municipality of Bofete, had a significantly lower evapotranspiration rate, and had the second highest recharge potential. This work is presented as a methodological suggestion for researchers and professionals in the area of water resources who are interested in carrying out similar studies in other areas of outcrop of the SAG. The study aims to contribute as technical support for the decision making of the National Water Resources Management System (SINGREH) and with the provisions of State Law No. 9866/1997, in order to contribute to the sustainability of the Guarani Aquifer System.
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3
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CLAUDINÉIA AGUIAR DE SOUZA
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AREAS WITH POTENTIAL FOR THE EXPANSION OF IRRIGATED AGRICULTURE IN THE ALTO TELES PIRES HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN
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Orientador : TADEU MIRANDA DE QUEIROZ
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Data: 03/08/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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Irrigation is a technology that allows greater agricultural productivity, as it maintains production stability, regardless of climatic fluctuations. However, it is the largest water consuming activity in Brazil. With a slightly rugged relief, good supply of water and because it is located close to the BR 163 and BR 364 highways, the main grain transportation routes to Brazilian ports, the Alto Teles Pires basin region stands out in the national agribusiness scenario, being recognized for its high productivity and irrigated and mechanized production. The rapid and growing expansion of irrigated agriculture in the region may impact the demand for the use of water resources. This paper aims to demonstrate, through remote sensing techniques, the growth of center-pivot irrigation in the Alto Teles Pires basin over a period of 24 years, analyzing the trends of expansion in the coming years and areas of the basin with the greatest potential to expand irrigated agriculture. The results indicate an expansion of 396 times the number of pivots in the studied period, with the total area irrigated by a center pivot in the last 5 years growing by 44%. As for the areas with potential for expansion, they correspond to about 42% of the total area of the basin. The data obtained is key to management and public policy actions in the region, since the expansion of uncontrolled irrigated agriculture can generate conflicts of water use and compromise the availability of water in the basin. Therefore, identifying and monitoring the expansion of irrigated areas is essential for water management in river basins and for the effective implementation of the instruments of the National Water Resources Policy, such as the granting of use and the monitoring of rivers.
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4
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LORENA MOREIRA NICOCHELLI PASCOTTO
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ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF USERS AND THE CHARGING'S FUNDRAISING POTENTIAL FOR GROUNDWATER USE IN THE PARECIS AQUIFER SYSTEM
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Orientador : SOLANGE APARECIDA ARROLHO DA SILVA
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Data: 10/08/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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The use of economic instruments applied to the management of water resources corroborates the recognition of water as a good endowed with economic value, as recommended by the National and State Water Resources Policies, Laws 9.433/97 and 11.088/2020, respectively. The charging, carried out in some basins in Brazil, is not yet implemented in Mato Grosso, however, the subject is the target of discussions that goes beyond the scope of the State System of Water Resources regarding the possibility of its implementation. In recent years, Mato Grosso has stood out on the international scene as an important agricultural center, especially in grain production. Such economic activity is strongly dependent on water for irrigation, aiming at yield improvement. Irrigation is the consumptive use that accounts for almost half of the water intake in the country. In Mato Grosso, as of 2016, there was an intensification of the use of groundwater for irrigation of monocultures, especially due to the fact that some regions in the center-north of the State had presented superficial water unavailability, according to the adopted criteria for concession. This pressure on groundwater resources brings to light some worrying factors, among them, the absence of studies and technical criteria that can support decision making in the management for effective protection of these waters. In this context, the need for investments, including financial ones, in the management of water resources is evident, which highlights the charging for water use in order to induce rational use and obtain resources for improved management. In light of this, this work proposes an analysis of the price of water and its impact on the profitability of the irrigator using groundwater in the Parecis Aquifer and the charging’s fundraising potential, from the perspective of charging as one of the pillars for financial sustainability of the Water Resources System. The analyzes showed the importance of establishing the price of water considering technical criteria and local specificities, since the prices already practiced in Brazil used in this study produce a minor impact on the sensitivity analysis. It was also possible to identify that the charging models, in the context of this study, are capable of financing, for the most part, only the scenario that contemplates projects classified with medium and low priorities. Lastly, a draft law was drawn up to regulate charging in the state of Mato Grosso, which will be presented to SEMA for analysis. Due to the lack of studies on this issue in the State, it is expected that the reflections and propositions will encourage discussions and assist in decision making of the entities of the State Water Resources System.
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5
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WACKSON JÚNIOR TELES DE JESUS
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ENVIRONMENTAL PERCEPTION OF RESIDENTS OF THE MARGINS OF CÓRREGO DA GARRUCHA, ARAPUTANGA-MT
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Orientador : SOLANGE APARECIDA ARROLHO DA SILVA
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Data: 15/08/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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The interaction of the human being with the environment has been presented, by many authors, as the cause of the situation of environmental and water crisis of the present moment. These suggest that in order to understand the proportions of the current situation and try to seek solutions, it is first of all necessary to try to understand human behavior, its relationship with the environment and the way it perceives and acts in the environment. Knowing what motivates behavior change, which can either degrade, protect or conserve, implies understanding the individual's perception from his insertion and interpretation of the environment. Faced with the problems of the water crisis, quality and quantity, it is increasingly necessary to develop works that aim to understand the interaction of man with water resources, thus leading to study the environmental perception of the actors involved in the processes that influence the dynamics of streams urban. In this sense, environmental perception in its essence gathers sensory, cognitive aspects and emotional, which act on the environmental reality to which the individual is inserted. The objective of this research was to study the perceptions of the residents of the banks of the Garrucha stream, in relation to environmental issues in order to present an educational intervention proposal. The research was developed in the city of Araputanga-MT in the urban perimeter. The methodological approach used in conducting the research was qualitative, through a single case study and interview technique with 40 residents who live on the banks of the stream. In this way, the results obtained allowed the elaboration of an educational intervention proposal with the residents, based on the perceptions of the residents. In this perspective, the proposal extends to seeking partnerships with educational institutions and a river basin committee and other bodies for the possibilities of mitigating the stream's environmental problems through environmental education.
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6
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BRUNA GONÇALVES AQUINO
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Urban drainage management in Cuiabá: a proposal for standardization.
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Orientador : AMINTAS NAZARETH ROSSETE
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Data: 09/10/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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Due to the constant population growth around the world, it is expected that the use of water will continue to increase proportionally to it and concerning other factors such as climate change and the emergence of new social standards. These factors bring up the need to evaluate how water management is practiced nowadays. In order to obtain efficient results in this sense, it is pertinent to consider an innovative approach of water resource management that is sensitive to economic, social and environmental parameters. New approaches, responsive management, and innovation in the public service are essential components to achieve water security that guarantees the availability of water in sufficient quantity and quality to meet human needs, the practice of economic activities and environmental conservation, that are ideal for dynamics of the city administration. For its abundance of water resources, the state of Mato Grosso is known as the State of Waters, where there are placed three of the twelve hydrographic regions in Brazil, in addition to the Metropolitan Region of the Valley of Cuiabá River, a region where events related to the inefficient management of urban water are growing, such as floods, floods, pollution of water bodies, increased risk of contamination by waterborne diseases, reduction of areas of permanent preservation, lack of care in basic environmental sanitation services, among others. This work has as main objective to raise conditions of the application of integrated management of urban waters for the city of Cuiabá, through techniques of Nature-based Solutions (SbN) aiming control of runoff of rainwater in retention devices and infiltration, to the municipality of Cuiabá, with a view to the legal framework, the history of urban occupation and sanitation in the municipality, the available water resource, and its predominant uses, and the municipal public management. The practical product of this dissertation will be a draft of a legal instrument of municipal authority, whose objective is to regulate the application of structural measures based on the concepts of NbS. To achieve the objectives of this paper consultations were held on the legal framework related to urban drainage and basic sanitation in the city of Cuiabá, also to official data on demand and quality of service, in addition to bibliographic research. Given the research and data from the municipalities, an analysis of the structure and model of integrated planning for urban water management was carried out and these methods of success can be used in public management in Cuiabá and also what are the tools used to achieve it.
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7
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INGRID LEITE DE OLIVEIRA
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PERCEPTION OF THE MEMBERS OF THE HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN COMMITTEES OF THE JAURU AND CABAÇAL RIVERS IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO ON THE GOVERNANCE OF WATER RESOURCES
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Orientador : SOLANGE KIMIE IKEDA CASTRILLON
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Data: 14/10/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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In the water resource management process, the participation of the various sectors is of fundamental importance for guaranteeing water in quantity and quality in view of its multiple uses. This implies a series of processes and steps that will support decision making by the collective, reflecting the entire hydrographic basin management unit in the integration and articulation of all the activities that need and impact water resources, in order to ensure availability , sustainability and conservation. In this context, the institutionalized legal frameworks advocate the guarantee of water for all forms of life prior to the desires of the productive market, Law No. 9,433 of 1997, establishes a series of regulations and structures to strengthen the integrated management of water resources, among which the creation of hydrographic basin committees (CBH´S), with decentralized and participative management, with the hydrographic basin as a territorial management unit, for decision making in each hydrographic region aiming to meet the different specificities. This work aimed to analyze the perceptions of the members of the hydrographic basin committees, of the Cabaçal River and of the Jauru River, located in the southwestern portion of the State of Mato Grosso, about the governance of water resources. Qualitative, descriptive, exploratory, this research analyzed the governance processes of CBHs Rio Jauru and Cabaçal. The results show that with respect to participation processes, representatives of civil society, the government and water users are part of it, yet both committees have a high number of absences at meetings, one of the challenges is the geographic size of the basins that requires effort from all members participating in the management of water resources in the basin. There are no management instruments in place, it is worth considering that the committees are recent and are being restructured, training is needed to support the councilors to become familiar with the watershed and the management system. The committees do not have a deliberative function, only the State Water Resources Council has this function, a different framework from the national policy that establishes deliberations for the hydrographic basin committees. The challenge is to make these spaces participatory and include the different actors, so that they can actually plan and regulate the management of water resources whose results are reflected in the conservation of water resources in the hydrographic basins of the Jauru and Cabaçal rivers.
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8
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MATHEUS GUILHERME RAMIN
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CUIABÁ RIVER WATER QUALITY MODELING TO EVALUATE THE CONTROL OF DIFFUSED POLLUTING
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Orientador : RODRIGO BRUNO ZANIN
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Data: 20/11/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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The Upper Rio Cuiabá Watershed, bounded by the Planning and Management Unit P4 (UPG-P4) and located on the plateau of the Hydrographic Region of the Paraguay River (HR-Paraguay), presents itself as a point of high interest for water quality control, since it encompasses the most populous and densest region of HR-Paraguay (with about one million inhabitants), it has a growing expansion of the agricultural and livestock sectors and is located upstream of one of the largest extensions of wetlands in the world: the Pantanal. Among the main causes of the water quality problems observed in HR-Paraguay are the transport of sediments and diffuse rural polluting loads from the plateau region to the Pantanal. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the impact of the implementation of alternatives to control phosphorus present in the diffuse loads of the UPG-P4 on the water quality of the Cuiabá River. Using the HEC-RAS software to perform a one-dimensional stationary modeling, four water quality scenarios were simulated: (i) Base Scenario: flows during flood periods without diffuse load reduction; (ii) Scenario 1: flows during flood periods with an 80% reduction in phosphorus concentrations in pasture and agricultural areas; (iii) Scenario 2: flows during flood periods with an 80% reduction in phosphorus concentrations only in pasture areas; (iv) Scenario 3: flows during flood periods with an 80% reduction in phosphorus concentrations only in agricultural areas. The results showed that the phosphorus limits established by CONAMA Resolution nº 357/2005 were reached only in Scenario 1, and only in the stretch between the Manso River and the beginning of the urban area of Cuiabá. It was observed that, in the study area, the impact of pasture areas is more significant than agricultural areas. However, the configured model proves to be useful as a tool for making decisions related to the planning of water quality control, and can be used for the evaluation of various combinations of solutions and scenarios at UPG-P4 and with the potential to be replicated in other regions of HR-Paraguay, as long as the necessary adaptations are made. With it, it is possible to study alternatives that can reach the limits established by the legislation. However, it is important to carry out a critical assessment of the real impacts and improvements that meeting the maximum concentrations required by the CONAMA resolution would bring to the dynamics of the Pantanal. To this end, complementary studies would be needed to assist decision making within the scope of the Paraguay River Hydrographic Region.
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9
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MIKAELE SILVA KURIKI
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SMALL-SCALE WETLAND MODEL FOR SEWAGE TREATMENT: DEFINITION OF A LOW COST STANDARD OPERATIONAL PROCEDURE.
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Orientador : FRANCISCO LLEDO DOS SANTOS
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Data: 20/11/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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It is estimated that in Brazil only 51.9% of the population has sewage system care and only 44.9% of the sewage generated in the country goes through some treatment process. In this context, it is necessary implementing alternative technologies in order to mitigate the difficulties that the basic sanitation sector faces. Thus, it is essential to choose an adequate system for the treatment of effluent, especially in regions such as the State of Mato Grosso that still has a large area that needs care. Built Wetlands have proven to be versive and efficient in reducing elements such as Suspended Solids, Chemical Oxygen Demand (DQO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO), Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Nitrate and Nitrite. The removal of these pollutants takes place through mechanisms of filtration, adsorption, sedimentation, decomposition, microbial metabolism and metabolism of aquatic plants. The present work aims to verify the efficiency of a Wetland Built bench for the treatment of synthetic sewage. In this sense, it was verified that the synthetic sewage obtained a significant reduction in the parameters of DQO, DBO, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, Nitrate and Nitrite after passing through the WC system. Therefore, the studied alternative systems demonstrated viability for the treatment of synthetic sewage, presenting itself as a promising alternative for the treatment of effluents, in order to collaborate with the greater scope of sewage treatment in the communities.
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10
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VINÍCIUS HIPÓLITO LOPES DE RESENDE
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ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGNOSIS OF THE URBAN SECTION OF RIO ARAREAU IN RONDONÓPOLIS - MT
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Orientador : FATIMA APARECIDA DA SILVA IOCCA
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Data: 27/11/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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Most cities appear and evolve the margins of water courses, as these supply several demands, such as domestic needs, transportation, economic, cultural activities and other uses, which promote changes in urban water courses, changing their morphology and shapes originals. The city of Rondonópolis-MT has about 06 (six) urban rivers, the largest being the Arareau River. The present work arises from questions about the impacts that permeate the urban section of the Arareau River, the current situation of the river and what measures can help in mitigating the damage that occurs in the Arareau River? The objective was to diagnose the situation of the Arareau River taking into account the use and occupation of its banks in relation to the demographic growth of the city and whether there is monitoring of the quality of the waters of this river. For the analysis of land use and occupation, the comparison of satellite images obtained by Google Earth over an interval of 14 years (2004 to 2018) was used. Eight (8) points were selected for on-the-spot verification and collection of water samples, which underwent X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry analysis. The results obtained showed a diagnosis of changes both in land use and occupation and in water quality. of the river, indicating the need for intervention by the public administration and the other entities of management and regulation of water resources, regarding environmental care and water quality. The product developed as part of this research was an action plan to mitigate the problems encountered, aiming to regain access to natural resources, in order to allow the population to revive the culture that is in the collective memory of the population, reaffirming the need for creation, expansion and application of actions that minimize these impacts.
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11
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MARCOS CESAR ARRUDA DA SILVA
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IMPACT OF BARRAGINHA SOCIAL TECHNOLOGY ON FAMILIES OF THE RANCHO DA SAUDADE SETTLEMENT, IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CÁCERES-MT
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Orientador : CLAUMIR CESAR MUNIZ
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Data: 30/11/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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Although the Pantanal is well known for being the largest humid area on the planet, during the dry season, the water resource is scarce in some points, even compromising the feasibility of installing families and raising animals in the region. To change this perspective, the initiative to use social technologies to capture and store rainwater, changed the characteristics in a small part of a region lto Pantanal in the municipality of Cáceres-MT. The study area is the Rancho da Saudade, which has 47 families, where small dams, called Barraginhas, since 2011, whose function is to improve the supply of drinking water animal and plant production. This work is characterized as an exploratory study descriptive, having the Rancho da Saudade settlement as a universe of research and as object of study the families of the locality. The research sample consisted of forty-six seven family units, with a semi-structured interview data collect. It is expected with this research, to try to understand the transformation that occurred in the lives of families based in Rancho da Saudade in Cáceres-MT, with the process of construction of barraginhas to the present day, from the perspective of the settled population. The specific objectives of the project will be (i) - Analyze the perceptions of residents of the Rancho da Saudade settlement in relation to the contributions of barraginhas technology; (ii) - Analyze the quality of water use in the Rancho da Saudade settlement; (iii) - Prepare an educational proposal for the dissemination of barraginhas social technology, contributing to replication in other rural communities. As a product, research is interested in specific analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data referring to the change in the family farmer, in the border region, in the municipality of Cáceres-MT, disseminating and socializing the results of the research with the community involved, government agencies and other bodies linked to family farming, providing technical subsidies for the management of water resources in settlement areas.
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12
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BETHÂNIA DE CARVALHO
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DIAGNOSTICS OF THE IMPACT OF SOLID RESIDUE DESTINATION IN CUIABA AND RIBEIRÃO DO LIPA BASIN´S URBAN CENTERS
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Orientador : FATIMA APARECIDA DA SILVA IOCCA
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Data: 14/12/2020
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Mostrar Abstract
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The population increase directly impacts the generation of solid waste, compromising the quality and multiple uses of water bodies, especially those located in the area of influence of Final Solid Waste Disposal Centers (RDFRS), since leachate or leachate contains substances highly soluble and toxic. What environmental impacts does the landfill cause for the Ribeirão do Lipa basin and surroundings? The objective of this work was to evaluate the environmental quality of the area of influence of the Final Disposal Center for Urban Solid Waste (CDFRSU) in Cuiabá, MT. The study area is the Cuiabá Municipal landfill Located on the Balneário Letícia road, s / nº, Sítio Quilombo, inserted between the microbasins of Ribeirão do Lipa (RL) and Córrego Doutor (DR) and Córrego Três Barras (TR), which are constituents of the Coxipó River sub-basin, belonging to the Cuiabá River Basin. This investigation was based on the analysis of legislation on Integrated Management and Planning of Water Resources and Solid Waste, Digital Cartographic Base - MMA / DSG; physical chemical data from Ribeirão do Lipa provided by the Secretariat of the Environment (SEMA); field observations and the use of an unmanned aerial vehicle (drone). In the region there was an increase in land use and occupation (1984 to 2017), due to urban expansion, but it maintained a high rate of vegetation cover, less around the Municipal Landfill of Cuiabá-MT, with areas with little or no vegetation. The data on the physical and chemical variables of Ribeirão do Lipa, indicated that the variables BOD and O2 showed values above the limits established in CONAMA Resolution nº 357/2005, an indication of the presence of organic matter, which promotes the alteration of the physical-chemical parameters of water quality, can kill fish and eliminate other aquatic organisms. The leachate flows through the soil without any containment or treatment measures, reaching adjacent watercourses such as Ribeirão do Lipa, with consequences not yet measurable on the impacts associated with heavy metals in the leachate composition. It is noteworthy that spaces built to be manure lagoons were observed, due to the aspect of which they were never used. Solid waste collected in the city is exposed to the open sky, and the coverage of solid waste does not occur entirely. There is the presence of recyclable material collectors without any protection measure (IPI, access to drinking and bathing water) and residents in the landfill's area of influence, which is illegal. The relationship between the management of water resources and solid waste requires an articulation between the two sectors, especially in the urban environment, to minimize direct and indirect impacts on the drainage basin where the Cuiabá Landfill is installed. It emphasizes that the term “sanitary landfill” is far from meeting the basic requirements for such classification, conceptually, the indicators classify between Lixão and Controlled Landfill, both distant from the Solid Waste Law (11,445 / 2007). In this perspective, an integrated management plan for the area is proposed, taking into account environmental and social risks, especially human health, and to comply with Law No. 12,305 / 2010, which established deadlines for the adequacy of the disposal of solid waste, extended to 2021 (in cities the size of Cuiabá). It is expected that the plan will contribute to decision-making by the competent bodies, in order to comply with the law, which aims to maintain a balanced environment for current and future generations.
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