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TATIANE GOMES DE ALMEIDA
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The impact of dengue in Mato Grosso and its environmental relations
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Orientador : CLAUMIR CESAR MUNIZ
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Data: 25/02/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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: Dengue is a viral disease whose causative agent is a virus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which uses water, not necessarily clean, to reproduce. This disease has become a serious public health problem, due to the difficulty in controlling the spread of this vector. Thus, alternative measures need to be studied to combat mosquito proliferation. This research sought to identify the relationship between the different degrees of environmental qualification and the occurrence of the vector A. aegypti; and to identify the relationship between the water dynamics of urban streams and the periods of vector infestation.This is an epidemiological and descriptive study of the incidence rate and mortality from dengue, seeking to correlate with rainfall, Human Development Index (IDH), Demographic Density and the Urban Cleaning Sustainability Index (ISLU). Predation experiments were also carried out under laboratory conditions using three fish species (Moenkhausia dichroura, Astyanax asuncionensis and Aequidens plagiozanatus), in which A. aegypti larvae were offered to the species to identify whether there would be predation; and, finally, an active search for Aedes aegypti was carried out in three urban streams in the city of Cáceres. Dengue incidence did not show a significant relationship with population density (R²= 0.0025; p=0.56), but it was related to rainfall (R²=0.0019; p<0.05). The month of January had the highest incidence (83.27/100 thousand inhabitants). A. plagiozanatus reached 97.4% of predation, while M. diehroura and A. asuncionensis showed similar behavior, reaching 64.52% and 54.92% of predation, respectively. Five vectors were captured in adult form at the river mouth of the Sangradouro stream and its banks, as well as 57 larvae in stages I, II, III and IV of A. aegypti i. Dengue fever revealed epidemic peaks with high incidence rates in Mato Grosso, not showing any relationship with Demographic Density, but expressing a significant relationship with rainfall. The Brazilian native fish showed competence as predators of Aedes aegypti larvae. In the urban stream Sangradouro, adult larvae and mosquitoes of the vector that transmit dengue were found.
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JEFFERSON DOS SANTOS FUNARO
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AVERAGE OF THE HYDROGRAPHIC BASIN OF CÓRREGO PIRAPUTANGAS, IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF CÁCERES - MT: LAND USE AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES
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Orientador : CELIA ALVES DE SOUZA
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Data: 09/03/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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Tradução de textos
1695 / 5000
Resultados de tradução
The forms of use and occupation contribute to environmental degradation processes, especially those related to water resources. The study aimed to identify the categories of land use and assess environmental conditions in the river channel in the middle course of the Piraputangas stream hydrographic basin , in the municipality of Cáceres in the state of Mato Grosso. Methodological procedures: preparation of the land use and land cover map using the ArcGis software, using the vector database at a scale of 1:250,000 from the IBGE download portal, available on the site's geosciences menu; informal interview and observation, application of the Rapid Assessment protocol (Pars), was applied in three cross sections in the middle course of the hydrographic basin, the Piraputanga stream. The use and land cover of the middle of the Piraputanga stream hydrographic basin, according to the mapping, is distributed as follows: preserved areas, forest formations (33.20%), Savânica Formation (10.08%), Campo Alagado and Area Pantanosa (0, 02%) and Campestre Formation (3.59%). Areas with human activities are: planted forest (0.10%), pasture (51.99%), sugar cane (0.27%) and other temporary crops (0.66%). Section I presented the best preservation conditions, was evaluated as natural, obtaining 83 points. In sections II and III, major changes in the characteristics of the bed and the level of environmental impacts resulting from human activities were registered. With the respective scores, section II 47 points and section III 50 points, considered altered. Rapid River Assessment Protocols (PAR) are effective in assessing the conditions of surface water systems.
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ANA CAMILLA IGNACIO DOS SANTOS
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IMPACTS CAUSED BY PATHOGENIC AGENTS OF DOMESTIC DOGS ON THE WILD SPECIES Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) (CARNIVORA, CANIDAE) IN THE SERRA DAS ARARAS ECOLOGICAL STATION AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
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Orientador : ANTONIO FRANCISCO MALHEIROS
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Data: 09/05/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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The species Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) is widespread over a large part of the South American territory, in Brazil its record occurs in large part, except in the Amazon. It is a common species in the Cerrado biome, as it adapts to anthropized and peri-urban environments. Anthropogenic areas bring the populations of wild animals closer to the domestic ones, allowing the transmission of parasites. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the populations of domestic and wild canids, as well as the possibility of cross-contamination. For the capture of Cerdocyon thous, 10 folding Tomahawk traps were installed, measuring 115 x 55 x 60. As bait, pieces of chickens placed at the bottom of the traps were used. Biological material. In relation to domestic dogs, a questionnaire was applied to the owners of the animals regarding their life habits and the collection of biological material was carried out without the need for sedation. The samples were properly packaged and kept refrigerated until further analysis in the laboratory. The results obtained in the stool samples, according to Hoffman (1934) were positive for several parasites in domestic dogs with frequency of occurrence for Blastocystis sp. 60%, Trichuris vulpis 10%, Dipylidium caninum 10%, Hookworm 20%, Giardia lamblia 20% and Sarcocystis sp. 20%. For C. thous, the frequency of occurrence of mite eggs was 28.57%, Hookworm 42.85%, Blastocystis sp. 28.57%, Trichuris vulpis 14.28%. With the FAUST technique, parasites of domestic dogs were observed with frequency of occurrence for Blastocystis sp. of 30% and Sarcocystis sp. 10%. For C. thous with a frequency of occurrence of Hookworm 42.85%, Blastocystis sp. 57.14%, Trichuris vulpis 14, 28% and Capillaria sp. 14.28%. Blood samples from domestic and wild canids were subjected to Reverse Transcription followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to investigate pathogens (Anaplasma sp., Babesia sp., Erlichia canis, Erlichia sp, Hepatozon sp., Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma sp and CDV). The results showed that 50% of samples from domestic dogs were positive for Anaplasma sp., 60% for Babesia sp., 30% for Erlichia canis and 20% for Erlichia sp. However, they were negative for the antigens Hepatozon sp., Leishmania sp., Trypanosoma sp. and CDV. For C. thous all samples had negative reactions for all genotypes analyzed. Serology for distemper antibody detection (rapid test kit) in serum samples from domestic and wild dogs revealed that 80% of the samples were reactive for domestic dogs and none for C. thous. The frequency of occurrence of parasites in the feces and the presence of pathogens of infectious diseases in the blood of domestic dogs can characterize a threat to wild dogs present in the Conservation Unit that have direct contact between them, as they have free transit between the Conservation Unit. and the surrounding areas. Considering that the home range of C. thous can reach more than 7 km2, which overlaps 60% of the sampled domestic dogs, this way it can contaminate not only the C. thous object of this study, but also Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), Lycalopex vetulus (field fox) and Speothos venaticus (vinegar dog), as well as the feline species present in the area. For example, Blastocystis sp. was present in both species, which may demonstrate the contact between the animals. Preservation measures imply a work of sensitization of some residents who own domestic dogs, related to the vaccination and deworming of these animals. Thus, we emphasize that the combination of analysis techniques seeking to identify pathogens and parasites that affect diseases in domestic and wild canids, in addition to the mode of contagion, is essential to propose measures for the conservation of wild fauna.
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RITHIELY CONCEIÇÃO SILVA
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Selection of honey from Cáceres (Brazil) with indication of mechanism of action against Enterococcus faecalis
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Orientador : CARLA GALBIATI
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Data: 26/05/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of honey and fractions from Apis mellifera and the indicative mechanism of action of membrane permeability in combination with antibiotics. The honeys evaluated from the municipalities the state of Mato Grosso such as Cáceres (honey 1 and 2), Barra do Garças (honey 3), Nossa Senhora do Livramento (honey 4) and Sinop (honey 5). These honeys have higher phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to others in the state, studied by the Laboratory of the Center for the Study of Beekeeping (CETApis). The five fresh honeys and their fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) were evaluated for inhibition of the growth of Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Helicobacter pylori bacteria. The antibacterial activity was verified by microdilution in broth method, with serial dilution from 1000 to 1.95 μg/mL. The indicative of membrane permeability was investigated by microdilution in broth method, combining honey or fractions in serial concentrations of 80 to 0.2 mg/mL with the antibiotic (clarithromycin/erythromycin) in a concentration of 20 to 0.04 μg/mL, such as checkboard. Honeys and their fractions had no antibacterial activity up to a concentration of 1000 ug/mL. Honey 1 and its N-butanol fraction had an effect on membrane permeability for gram positive bacteria E. faecalis. Honeys and fractions had no effect on the membrane permeability of S. epidermidis. It is concluded that honey 1 from Cáceres are promising to enhance the antibacterial activity of the antibiotic linked to membrane permeability and flavonoid action.
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7
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JAQUELINE DEUSDARA PINHEIRO
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Mercury sources in the North Pantanal
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Orientador : AUREA REGINA ALVES IGNACIO
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Data: 21/06/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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Mercury (Hg) is a global concern due to its adverse effects on human health, food safety and the environment. It is one of the most serious environmental pollutants and related toxic compounds can be easily transferred to water, soil and sediment. The accumulation over time of large inputs of Hg into the environment results in the widespread occurrence of Hg throughout the food chain, requiring action to identify the main local sources of Hg. The Brazilian Pantanal is a floodplain covering an area of almost 140,000 km 2 and is subject to seasonal and monomodal floods, mostly once a year. As the final receptor of pollutants, derived from anthropogenic pressures, it is a vulnerable region threatened by recent trends in economic development, mainly by persistent and lethal fires that occurred mainly in the years 2018 to 2020. Traces of mercury have already been found in algae, fish and reptiles in the North Pantanal; which brings concern for the fragile balance of this ecosystem as well as for the health of the animals and the riverside population. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the origin of mercury in the North Pantanal Ecosystem. With an exploratory methodology, the collections took place in the springs, course and mouths of the Jauru, Cabaçal, Sepotuba and Paraguai rivers, whose waters form upstream of the edges of the Pantanal. Forty-eight points were considered, and samples of leaves, soil, sediment, zooplankton and particulate matter in water were collected. To determine the THg, a direct analyzer (DMA 80) was used, followed by statistical analyses. There were significant relationships of the four rivers and areas studied for soil (p<0.05). And between the spring, course and mouth areas, there were significant relationships for sediments (p<0.05). Among the studied rivers, the Cabaçal river presented the highest concentration of THg for zooplankton, (11.01 ± 5.34 ug/kg), soil (15.58 ± 16.77 ug/kg) and leaves (21.81 ± 10.18 ug/kg), while the Jauru River presented for sediments (3.67 ± 21.47 ug/kg). The Cabaçal River was associated with intense sedimentation of the basin lithology and the occurrence of Latosols, associated with land use, in addition to the fluvial dynamics itself. The Jauru River associated with PCHs established in the region since 1990. The concentrations found even below the limits established by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) require government actions to prevent environmental contamination, guiding and aware of the risks to which the population may be exposed, as well as the preservation of this fragile ecosystem. Continuous monitoring should occur mainly because the number of fires has increased in the last two years (2020-2021) in the Pantanal Biome.
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MAIARA THAISA OLIVEIRA RABELO
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UPPER PARAGUAY BASIN WATER RESOURCES PLAN: GOVERNANCE UNDER CONSTRUCTION
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Orientador : CAROLINA JOANA DA SILVA
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Data: 22/02/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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This work deals with the management and planning of water resources in the hydrographic region of Paraguay. The importance of the hydrographic region of Paraguay, especially for including in its area the largest continuous floodplain in the world, National Heritage, site designated by the RAMSAR Wetlands Convention and Biosphere Reserve, the Pantanal Mato-grossense, explains the great interest that awakens in Brazil and in the world. Given such importance, this plan must consider all the multiple uses and users of water present in the region. Note, however, the lack of the human element, as well as the fishing and tourism segments in this document. On the other hand, these segments and others participated in workshops to prepare the document, although there are no previous studies to identify all interest groups, their demands and possible conflicts. For this reason, the objective of this paper is to analyze the planning, participatory management and governance of water resources in the Hydrographic Region of Paraguay in the context of the construction and implementation of the Water Resources Plan.
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JOSE ALDAIR PINHEIRO
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“ENVIRONMENTAL HISTORY OF THE TERRANOVA COLONIZATION PROJECT: needs and possibilities of Environmental Education in the Northern Mato-Grossense Amazon in transformation”.
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Orientador : AUMERI CARLOS BAMPI
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Data: 04/03/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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This thesis addresses the Environmental History of the Terranova Colonization Project located in the municipalities of Terra Nova do Norte and Nova Guarita in the far north of Mato Grosso. The approach portrays the historical and current configuration regarding the relationship of this society with nature in its places of life. The Terranova Colonization Project is a process of reoccupation of this territory, via Official Colonization of the military government implemented in 1978 through INCRA and Cooperativa Coopercana. In this Project, landless peasant families who illegally occupied indigenous reserves in the upper Uruguay region were settled, where they lived in a situation of conflict over land tenure. From the focus of Environmental History, the central issue of the thesis sought to answer the following questions: What social and environmental conditions led/motivated southerners in the Alto Uruguai/RS region to accept the proposal to migrate to the Terranova Colonization Project in the North of Mato Grosso ?How was the process of appropriation and use of nature taking place, in view of the socio-environmental crisis currently experienced by peasants in the research study area? The objective of the research is to analyze the relationship between society and nature, represented by the peasants and the Terranova Project, from the perspective of Environmental History, to face and overcome the challenges of the local socio-environmental crisis through the possibilities offered by environmental education. study is based on qualitative research. In this perspective and in order to contemplate the outlined objectives and answer the thesis questions, the dialectical method for the scientific approach to research was defined. As for the procedures and techniques of data collection, we used, first, the bibliographical and documental research. Then, for field data, we used participant observation, field notebook and semi-structured interviews based on methods of oral history of lives and comprehensive interview. Participating interlocutors are peasants remaining in rural plots since the beginning of the Project. The results show that the creation and implementation of the Terranova Project disregarded the Krenakarore indigenous people, who inhabited this territory. It also disregarded the socio-environmental reality of migrant peasants in their life trajectories and the migration to the Amazon biome without any preparation or knowledge of the local ecosystem. The development of the Terranova Project reproduced the southern ethos of civilizing deforestation based on the exploitation of natural resources and the production of raw materials for national and international markets. In the reoccupation process, a development model based on the exploitation of natural resources was implemented, in which peasant families were inserted and conceived as small production units for the national and international market. Consequently, this generated profound impacts and transformations in the environment, leading to a local socio-environmental crisis that imposes on this society the search for alternatives to face the crisis and the construction of a more sustainable collective life.
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MARCOS DOS SANTOS
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Environmental elements, land use and occupation, environmental fragility and the morphodynamics of the Cachoeirinha stream hydrographic basin, in Mato Grosso state.
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Orientador : CELIA ALVES DE SOUZA
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Data: 20/04/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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This research was carried out within the hydrographic basin of Cachoeirinha stream, placet at Cáceres city, Mato Grosso State. The main purpose was to study the several environmental characteristics, the pedological units, the distincts ways of land usage, the environmental fragilities and the morphodynamics of the hydrographic basin. The methodology focused, firstly, on structuring this study in five chapters. The environmental elements characterization was performed through a review in scientific publications, also from the RADAMBRASIL Project and from the Ministry of Defense, pages and yet from Mato Grosso Atlas – Planning Secretary of Mato Grosso StateSEPLAN. The basin area delimitation was made through the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) and the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). The thematic maps were elaborated through the IBGE database and field activities. The representative pedological units characterization was outlined based on EMBRAPA manuals, field observations, opening of trenches, morphological description, gathering and physicalchemical analyzes. The land usage, ocuppation and covering process was characterized through scientific publications, public documents, maps and information from INCRA and MAPBIOMAS with images referring to the years 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2020, processed in the software QGis 3.4.6 and field activities with informal interviews. The basin compartmentalization in high, medium and low course and the drainage network characterization was carried out through the SEPLAN-MT; regarding the maps elaboration with the classes of fragility, it was outlined through the algebra of maps "Calculator Raster", following adaptations of scientific productions. In relation to the morphometric parameters definition it were performed field activities in March and August/2020 (flood and drought periods in the hydrographic basin) for observations, also bathymetry and gathreing of water samples for analysis in order to quantify the suspended solid load. The results from first chapter show that the regional climate is AW. However, the different altitudes influenced the formation of two climatic units: Hot Mesothermal Altitude Tropical of Southern Facade of Plateaus, with na area of 69,16%, comprising the upper course of the basin (Serrana Province), and the Sub-Humid Megathermal Tropical of the Depressions and Plateaus of Mato Grosso, which occupies 30.84% in the middle and lower courses (Depression of the Upper Paraguai and the the Paraguay River Plain). Of the geological formations, the Raizama Formation Sandstone is evident, present in 27.88% of the upper course of the basin, playing an important role in the process of supplying the groundwater table and the Sepotuba Formation, occupying the upper and middle course valleys, where the fluvial slopes flow, with an area equivalent to 41.03%. The Geomorphology shows the Serrana Province, occupying 52.65% of the basin (upper course) and the Paraguay River Plain with an area of 0.24% in the lower course, an environment of sediment deposition that influences the exuberance of the floristic landscape. The predominant vegetation cover is the Savanna type, which characteristics are influenced mainly by 26 pedological attributes. The largest unit is the Wooded Savanna without gallery forest, covering 54.78% of the basin, corresponding to areas with higher altitudes (315 to 700 meters) in the Serrana Province. The composition with the highest stature is the Alluvial Seasonal Semideciduous Forest with an emerging canopy, present in the lower course, in the Paraguay River Plain region. In the second chapter, the pedological units were identified, evidencing the greatest representation of the Regolithic Neosol, occupying an area of 40.69% in the Serrana Province region and the Latosols, in 40.5% in the Upper Paraguay Depression. The third chapter showed that usage and occupation began during the 18th century with subsistence agriculture and extractive activities. From the 19th century, with the immigrants arrival, there was the insertion of mechanized agriculture, initiating social conflicts, deforestation of large areas, fires, use of pesticides, erosion and soil compaction, among other impacts. Currently, 63% of the basin is covered by Cerrado vegetation, 34.52% is occupied by pasture and 1.68% by grain monoculture. The fourth chapter show that the strongest environmental fragility is in the region of the Serrana Province with an area of 11.57% of the basin, where the relief is sloping and the lowest classification (very weak and weak) is found in the valleys of Depression of the Upper Paraguai and in the Plain of the Paraguai River, where the relief presents a lower slope. Regarding the climate, the strong fragility was in the area dominated by the Tropical Climate of Hot Mesothermal Altitude of the Meridional Facade of Plateaus, as a consequence of the higher precipitation incidence on steep slopes. As for the soils, the Eutrophic Fluvic Neosol Tb typical in the Paraguay River Plain and the Eutrophic Litholic Neosol in the Serrana Province showed very strong fragility and really weak fragility for the middle course Latosols, where the relief presents smooth wavy areas. Where the land covered by the Forest Formation appears in the low course, the environmental fragility is very weak (23.57% of the basin), for the Savanna and Campestral Formation; 39.37% of the area in the upper course and the fragility is weak. The most expressive class of potential fragility (46.42% of area) and emerging (68.19% of the basin) is the medium. The increase in the occupied area among the fragilities happens with the insertion of land use and occupation. The fifth chap4ter shows that geomorphology created the exorheic flow pattern and the parallel drainage. The drainage density was 0.52 km/km² and channels, 0.10 channels/km², considered low due to the geology and geomorphology of the basin. The periods of flood and drought influence the indices of flow, depth, velocity and, consequently, the contribution of liquid and solid discharge to the Paraguay River. The realization of this study allowed the knowledge about the characteristics of the basin, which can guide environmental management actions and contribute to environmental conservation. The flood and drought periods influence the indices of flow, depth, velocity and, consequently, the contribution of liquid and solid discharge to the Paraguay River. Performing this study allowed the knowledge about the characteristics of the hydrographicy basin, which can guide environmental management actions and contribute to environmental conservation.
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BRENO DIAS VITORINO
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Ecological networks and mutualism between birds and plants: from a protected area to urban environments in the Neotropics.
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Orientador : JOSUE RIBEIRO DA SILVA NUNES
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Data: 22/04/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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Mutualistic interactions are those with positive effects for everyone involved and this incredible process is known to be one of the main pillars that structure biological communities. From this perspective, ecological network analysis emerges as a promising tool, including interactions between species as an additional layer to unravel ecological processes. Thus, in this thesis -under development-, using ecological network approaches, we evaluated mutualistic interactions between birds and plants. The document is divided into three chapters: in the first one “Influence of sampling methods on the description of a neotropical seed dispersal network”, we discuss how different sampling methods can compromise the interpretation of the evaluated network. Among our findings, we highlight that the choice of method, phytocentric or zoocentric, significantly influences the characterization of networks, with structural and species-level implications. In chapter 2: “Core-periphery roles of birds in a Neotropical seed dispersal network is determined by abundance”, we describe the seed dispersal network of a preserved area and identify, among the birds, those with “core” positions as well as which ones are the main ecological determinants that can influence this positioning. Our results pointed to a network with a modular structure and core-periphery formation. From the congruence of different framewoks, we highlight Ramphocelus carbo and Pipra fasciicauda as one of the most central species of the network, and we show that even though it is a system of interactions established in a preserved area, abundance was one of the main determinants of structural roles assumed by birds. . In the third chapter: “Assessing the ecological determinants of interactions to plan for urban greening: an example with a plant-hummingbird network”, we describe an established system in an urban environment and, in a pioneering way, we identify the main ecological drivers that govern the interactions between hummingbirds and plants in an anthropized environment. We showed that among the mechanisms of neutrality and niche, the phenological factors (niche) were the most explanatory. Furthermore, evaluating the robustness of this system using a recent rearrangement model after local extinction simulations, we found that the loss/removal of native plants to the detriment of exotic plants affects more the structure of the network and the morphological matching mechanism between species ( niche), promotes greater robustness.
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ANGÉLICA VILAS BOAS DA FROTA
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Taxonomic and functional diversity of birds in the floodplain of the Brazilian Pantanal.
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Orientador : JOSUE RIBEIRO DA SILVA NUNES
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Data: 26/04/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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Birds can be effective indicators of ecological conditions in wetlands, because constitute one of the most diverse biological groups, have high mobility, and provide fundamental ecological functions that guarantee the maintenance of ecosystem support and regulation services. In this research, we evaluated the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds through distinct approaches, using the group as a potential ecological indicator to contribute to conservation actions and environmental planning in the Brazilian Pantanal floodplain. For this, we structured the document into four chapters, corresponding to two published articles, one submitted and one in preparation. The first chapter is an overview of scientific knowledge about birds in the Pantanal based on publications from the last 30 years, which made it possible to direct and substantiate future research. In the second chapter, we carry out an inventory and consolidate a list of bird species that occur in a protected area of the Pantanal which is recognized as a wetland of international importance, which can contribute to the knowledge of the distribution and occurrence of birds in this floodplain. In the third chapter, we researched how the richness, abundance and functional structure of birds with different degrees of wetlands dependence are influenced by the flood pulse dynamics of the Pantanal. We expected to find different ecological responses for each birds group in relation to hydrological cycle. In the fourth chapter, we propose to investigate whether the modification of habitats across the hydrological cycles affects the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds, in order to access environmental changes in a tropical floodplain. We expect to contribute to the knowledge of the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds in floodplains, as well as towards advances for wetlands conservation
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BRUNO RAMOS BRUM
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The Resilience of Birds in the Face of Environmental Pollution
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Orientador : AUREA REGINA ALVES IGNACIO
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Data: 30/06/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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Tradução de textos
Rapid human-induced environmental changes pose the greatest threats to wildlife populations and encompass many environmental disturbances, including habitat loss, introduction of exotic species, climate change, and contamination by fertilizer and pesticide applications from the complex production chain of the world. agribusiness, which in turn leads to an increase in the accumulation of metals such as mercury in water and soil. The exposure of non-target organisms to these chemical compounds is quite common, resulting in numerous cases of acute poisoning in the wild population, particularly in birds, which have low levels of detoxifying enzymes, increasing their sensitivity. Due to their persistence in the environment and their ability to bioaccumulate and bimagnify, both pesticide multiresidues and mercury have been associated with the decline of bird populations in different parts of the world. In this way, birds have played an important role as environmental bioindicators, and different species can be useful due to their different capacities for bioaccumulation. Recent studies indicate that the availability of multi-residues of pesticides and mercury can be increased in areas where there are water level fluctuations and vegetated habitats that experience wet and dry cycles during the year. Thus, areas such as the Brazilian Pantanal, which has these characteristics, are predisposed to be hotspots of avian exposure to these toxic compounds. Therefore, we present in chapter 1 a scientometric research on the impacts of pesticides used in agriculture over 21 years on insectivorous, insectivorous birds. 16 works were found, distributed in nine countries, including 50 species of birds classified in four categories of population status. In addition, the results showed that these birds had at least one organ/tissue/structure (liver, feces, stomach bolus, blood plasma, muscle tissue, food items, eggs) contaminated by one of the 21 types of chemical compounds presented in the analyzed articles, that directly affect their survival. Insectivorous birds that inhabit riparian forests of floodplains, by preying on invertebrates, tend to extend the length of their food chains, increasing the opportunity for biomagnification of chemical compounds in their organism. Knowledge about trophic ecology and partitioning of food resources by insectivorous birds is of great scientific importance. Thus, in the second chapter, we investigate trophic relationships through analysis of the partition of food resources between insectivorous bird species from a longitudinal gradient of riparian forest, in the northern portion of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso. Specimens were captured with a mist net using a sequence of 9 nets measuring 9m x 2m, mesh 36mm, which remained open for 4 continuous hours. A total of 126 specimens belonging to 14 species were collected. The food items most consumed by the birds sampled were insects belonging to the order Coleoptera, Hyminoptera-Formicidae, Hymenoptera, Diptera, Ixodida and Hymenoptera non-Formicidae, respectively, indicating a greater generalization of the studied species in terms of food exploitation. Finally, in the third chapter, we present the first work using insectivorous birds from the North Pantanal as bioindicators of exposure to mercury, with the objective of knowing the pattern of accumulation of this metal in different organs (muscle, liver and brain) and feather. A total of 218 specimens were collected and the samples were analyzed by direct analysis atomic absorption spectrometry (DMA-80). The mercury concentrations presented values in increasing order, muscle < brain < liver < feather, regardless of the collection site, with a variation in the mean of mercury concentrations from (0.07 to 0.27 µg.g-1), ( 0.04 to 0.62 µg.g-1), (0.14 to 0.81 µg.g-1) and (0.77 to 3.49 µg.g-1), respectively. Along the gradient, the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences between the concentrations in the tissues where muscle (KW = 73.88 p < 0.001), brain (KW = 100.23, p < 0.002), liver (KW = 65, 42, p < 0.009) and feather (KW = 39.52, p < 0.005) so that the concentration of mercury in the tissues of insectivorous birds increases following the direction of the watercourse, from the points upstream of Porte Estrela and Barra do Downstream buggy, Taiamã. Our results show that mercury is present in food webs in the Pantanal North of Brazil and can biomagnify in significant concentrations not only in predatory piscivorous species, but also in insectivorous birds in the studied region.
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MARIA APARECIDA DE SOUZA
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FEMININE PEASANT TERRITORIALITIES OF THE CERRADO
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Data: 29/08/2022
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Mostrar Abstract
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The theme of female peasant territorialities of the Cerrado developed in this thesis, sought to contemplate approaches involving the Cerrado biome and its territorialization and the consequences for socio-environmental and cultural diversities. the gradual importance economic growth of the biome was processed by the prosperous productive capacity, in the expansion of the Brazilian agricultural frontiers. The development of agrarian capital in these fields, made viable the transactions and partnerships of private and public sectors with strategies and negotiations for international agro-export markets. This historic setting implied changes in the socio-environmental and cultural relations of traditional peoples cerradeiros, whose material and immaterial dimensions in the relationships of the subjects with the territory, were configured in the consolidation of survival actions and identities. These relationships reconcile webs of complicity and bonds creating a unique feature, combining the daily needs of life and the offer of the Cerrado's biodiversity. In this follow-up, we sought to investigate the protagonism of peasant women in closed territories, their experiences and legacies. To achieve this goal, we used of life history, a methodology that is part of the universe of qualitative research, relying on the procedures of participant observation and open interviews. With incipient results, these techniques were enough to understand that, even in the face of invisibility conditions given by the patriarchal social structure and setbacks imposed by the transformations of work in the countryside, peasant women research participants, revealed that they house, with simplicity, the ways of life founded in the cerradeiros fields and protect customs, imprint their practices on cultural knowledge, promoting their protection. Even with partial search results, it is worth ensuring that, although neglected, the female presence emerges as protagonist in the struggle, in the exercise of resistance and permanence on earth.
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