: Dengue is a viral disease whose causative agent is a virus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which uses water, not necessarily clean, to reproduce. This disease has become a serious public health problem, due to the difficulty in controlling the spread of this vector. Thus, alternative measures need to be studied to combat mosquito proliferation. This research sought to identify the relationship between the different degrees of environmental qualification and the occurrence of the vector A. aegypti; and to identify the relationship between the water dynamics of urban streams and the periods of vector infestation.This is an epidemiological and descriptive study of the incidence rate and mortality from dengue, seeking to correlate with rainfall, Human Development Index (IDH), Demographic Density and the Urban Cleaning Sustainability Index (ISLU). Predation experiments were also carried out under laboratory conditions using three fish species (Moenkhausia dichroura, Astyanax asuncionensis and Aequidens plagiozanatus), in which A. aegypti larvae were offered to the species to identify whether there would be predation; and, finally, an active search for Aedes aegypti was carried out in three urban streams in the city of Cáceres. Dengue incidence did not show a significant relationship with population density (R²= 0.0025; p=0.56), but it was related to rainfall (R²=0.0019; p<0.05). The month of January had the highest incidence (83.27/100 thousand inhabitants). A. plagiozanatus reached 97.4% of predation, while M. diehroura and A. asuncionensis showed similar behavior, reaching 64.52% and 54.92% of predation, respectively. Five vectors were captured in adult form at the river mouth of the Sangradouro stream and its banks, as well as 57 larvae in stages I, II, III and IV of A. aegypti i. Dengue fever revealed epidemic peaks with high incidence rates in Mato Grosso, not showing any relationship with Demographic Density, but expressing a significant relationship with rainfall. The Brazilian native fish showed competence as predators of Aedes aegypti larvae. In the urban stream Sangradouro, adult larvae and mosquitoes of the vector that transmit dengue were found.

“Ethnobotanical study in religionsof Afro-Brazilian mothers in the city of Cáceres, Mato Grosso, from the perspective ofWell live”

The species Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) is widespread over a large part of the South American territory, in Brazil its record occurs in large part, except in the Amazon. It is a common species in the Cerrado biome, as it adapts to anthropized and peri-urban environments. Anthropogenic areas bring the populations of wild animals closer to the domestic ones, allowing the transmission of parasites. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the populations of domestic and wild canids, as well as the possibility of cross-contamination. For the capture of Cerdocyon thous, 10 folding Tomahawk traps were installed, measuring 115 x 55 x 60. As bait, pieces of chickens placed at the bottom of the traps were used. Biological material. In relation to domestic dogs, a questionnaire was applied to the owners of the animals regarding their life habits and the collection of biological material was carried out without the need for sedation. The samples were properly packaged and kept refrigerated until further analysis in the laboratory. The results obtained in the stool samples, according to Hoffman (1934) were positive for several parasites in domestic dogs with frequency of occurrence for Blastocystis sp. 60%, Trichuris vulpis 10%, Dipylidium caninum 10%, Hookworm 20%, Giardia lamblia 20% and Sarcocystis sp. 20%. For C. thous, the frequency of occurrence of mite eggs was 28.57%, Hookworm 42.85%, Blastocystis sp. 28.57%, Trichuris vulpis 14.28%. With the FAUST technique, parasites of domestic dogs were observed with frequency of occurrence for Blastocystis sp. of 30% and Sarcocystis sp. 10%. For C. thous with a frequency of occurrence of Hookworm 42.85%, Blastocystis sp. 57.14%, Trichuris vulpis 14, 28% and Capillaria sp. 14.28%. Blood samples from domestic and wild canids were subjected to Reverse Transcription followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to investigate pathogens (Anaplasma sp., Babesia sp., Erlichia canis, Erlichia sp, Hepatozon sp., Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma sp and CDV). The results showed that 50% of samples from domestic dogs were positive for Anaplasma sp., 60% for Babesia sp., 30% for Erlichia canis and 20% for Erlichia sp. However, they were negative for the antigens Hepatozon sp., Leishmania sp., Trypanosoma sp. and CDV. For C. thous all samples had negative reactions for all genotypes analyzed. Serology for distemper antibody detection (rapid test kit) in serum samples from domestic and wild dogs revealed that 80% of the samples were reactive for domestic dogs and none for C. thous. The frequency of occurrence of parasites in the feces and the presence of pathogens of infectious diseases in the blood of domestic dogs can characterize a threat to wild dogs present in the Conservation Unit that have direct contact between them, as they have free transit between the Conservation Unit. and the surrounding areas. Considering that the home range of C. thous can reach more than 7 km2, which overlaps 60% of the sampled domestic dogs, this way it can contaminate not only the C. thous object of this study, but also Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), Lycalopex vetulus (field fox) and Speothos venaticus (vinegar dog), as well as the feline species present in the area. For example, Blastocystis sp. was present in both species, which may demonstrate the contact between the animals. Preservation measures imply a work of sensitization of some residents who own domestic dogs, related to the vaccination and deworming of these animals. Thus, we emphasize that the combination of analysis techniques seeking to identify pathogens and parasites that affect diseases in domestic and wild canids, in addition to the mode of contagion, is essential to propose measures for the conservation of wild fauna.

Mercury (Hg) is a global concern due to its adverse effects on human health, food safety and the environment. It is one of the most serious environmental pollutants and related toxic compounds can be easily transferred to water, soil and sediment. The accumulation over time of large inputs of Hg into the environment results in the widespread occurrence of Hg throughout the food chain, requiring action to identify the main local sources of Hg. The Brazilian Pantanal is a floodplain covering an area of almost 140,000 km 2 and is subject to seasonal and monomodal floods, mostly once a year. As the final receptor of pollutants, derived from anthropogenic pressures, it is a vulnerable region threatened by recent trends in economic development, mainly by persistent and lethal fires that occurred mainly in the years 2018 to 2020. Traces of mercury have already been found in algae, fish and reptiles in the North Pantanal; which brings concern for the fragile balance of this ecosystem as well as for the health of the animals and the riverside population. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the origin of mercury in the North Pantanal Ecosystem. With an exploratory methodology, the collections took place in the springs, course and mouths of the Jauru, Cabaçal, Sepotuba and Paraguai rivers, whose waters form upstream of the edges of the Pantanal. Forty-eight points were considered, and samples of leaves, soil, sediment, zooplankton and particulate matter in water were collected. To determine the THg, a direct analyzer (DMA 80) was used, followed by statistical analyses. There were significant relationships of the four rivers and areas studied for soil (p<0.05). And between the spring, course and mouth areas, there were significant relationships for sediments (p<0.05). Among the studied rivers, the Cabaçal river presented the highest concentration of THg for zooplankton, (11.01 ± 5.34 ug/kg), soil (15.58 ± 16.77 ug/kg) and leaves (21.81 ± 10.18 ug/kg), while the Jauru River presented for sediments (3.67 ± 21.47 ug/kg). The Cabaçal River was associated with intense sedimentation of the basin lithology and the occurrence of Latosols, associated with land use, in addition to the fluvial dynamics itself. The Jauru River associated with PCHs established in the region since 1990. The concentrations found even below the limits established by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) require government actions to prevent environmental contamination, guiding and aware of the risks to which the population may be exposed, as well as the preservation of this fragile ecosystem. Continuous monitoring should occur mainly because the number of fires has increased in the last two years (2020-2021) in the Pantanal Biome.

“Environmental economic valuation: benefits obtained by Mato Grosso in environmental conservation”

Mutualistic interactions are those with positive effects for everyone involved and this incredible process is known to be one of the main pillars that structure biological communities. From this perspective, ecological network analysis emerges as a promising tool, including interactions between species as an additional layer to unravel ecological processes. Thus, in this thesis -under development-, using ecological network approaches, we evaluated mutualistic interactions between birds and plants. The document is divided into three chapters: in the first one “Influence of sampling methods on the description of a neotropical seed dispersal network”, we discuss how different sampling methods can compromise the interpretation of the evaluated network. Among our findings, we highlight that the choice of method, phytocentric or zoocentric, significantly influences the characterization of networks, with structural and species-level implications. In chapter 2: “Core-periphery roles of birds in a Neotropical seed dispersal network is determined by abundance”, we describe the seed dispersal network of a preserved area and identify, among the birds, those with “core” positions as well as which ones are the main ecological determinants that can influence this positioning. Our results pointed to a network with a modular structure and core-periphery formation. From the congruence of different framewoks, we highlight Ramphocelus carbo and Pipra fasciicauda as one of the most central species of the network, and we show that even though it is a system of interactions established in a preserved area, abundance was one of the main determinants of structural roles assumed by birds. . In the third chapter: “Assessing the ecological determinants of interactions to plan for urban greening: an example with a plant-hummingbird network”, we describe an established system in an urban environment and, in a pioneering way, we identify the main ecological drivers that govern the interactions between hummingbirds and plants in an anthropized environment. We showed that among the mechanisms of neutrality and niche, the phenological factors (niche) were the most explanatory. Furthermore, evaluating the robustness of this system using a recent rearrangement model after local extinction simulations, we found that the loss/removal of native plants to the detriment of exotic plants affects more the structure of the network and the morphological matching mechanism between species ( niche), promotes greater robustness.

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The objective of this work was to evaluate different techniques of direct seeding (in holes and the haul), as well as to identify the influence of litter transposition after sowing, to emergence and establishment of native species in ecological restoration work in a area of degraded springs in the municipality of Cáceres-MT. In the experiment presented here two direct sowing techniques (in holes and by broadcast) were analyzed in two different environments. (with and without litter transposition), using three species of native plants, (Jacaranda cuspidifolia Mart., Sterculia apetala (Jaqc.) H. Karst., Vochysya divergens Pohl.), in a factorial scheme (2x2) in a degraded spring area. Being four treatments: T1 direct seeding in holes, T2 direct seeding in holes with litter, T3 seeding direct seeding by broadcast and T4 direct seeding by broadcast with litter, with eight replications each. THE emergency, establishment were monitored for three months and had height, collar diameter and number of leaves for ten months. For the species S. apetala, the best treatment was T2, obtaining better values in all parameters analyzed in this experiment. For the species J. cuspidifolia T4 was more efficient for the percentage of emergency, establishment, emergency speed index, average emergency time, for the average height and diameter of the collar, number of leaves and survival rate, T3 proved to be more promising. For the species V. divergens the treatment that obtained the best values in all parameters analyzed in the experiment was T4. Large seeds have better germination and emergence rates in the field, using the sowing technique direct, when compared with small seeds, The litter transposed after sowing direct influence positively on emergence, establishment and provided plants with greater vigor at the end of the experiment. Showing to be a possibility to improve the chances emergence and establishment of species with small seeds, used in forest recovery. Thus, we consider that the use of litter transposition can be one of the efficient auxiliary methods in ecological restoration.

As the natural aging process, the elderly presents changes morphophysiological and immunological leaving the most susceptible to various ooinfections parasitic. Endoparasitosis is a public health problem in Brazil, showing variations according to basic sanitation conditions, level socioeconomic status, level of education, age and hygiene habits, among others variables. The general objective of this work was to analyze the prevalence of endoparasites in seniors who attend the Living Center and seniors and employees of the Long-stay institution in the city of Cáceres-MT. The samples were analyzed using three laboratory techniques, namely: Hoffmann, Ritchie and modified Safranina staining technique in the Parasitic Biology laboratory at Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT). The prevalence of parasites intestinal were: among the elderly of the Living Center (46.98%), elderly of the Long-stay Institution (83.33%) and employees (84.61%). You endoparasites Cryptosporidium sp., Cyclospora sp. and Giardia lamblia were the most prevalent, with 22%, 19% and 18%, respectively. This study also evaluated the sociodemographic characteristics and personal hygiene habits of the elderly at the Center Coexistence and ILP employees. The results suggested a condition epidemiological concern of the elderly population of the ILP because the high rates of prevalence in both the elderly and employees show the high risk of infection and reinfection in this environment and shows the need for programs educational awareness of hygienic practices and primary health care of the elderly population in these institutions.

Aquatic invertebrates are of great ecological importance in freshwater environments, participating decisively in the processes of fragmentation and decomposition of organic matter. The identification of the aquatic macrofauna is quite approximately in determining the environmental quality through the use of biomonitoring indices. Researchers and companies from all over the world have used macroinvertebrates as pieces for environmental qualification because they are considered good biological indicators, due to their sensitivity they respond to environmental variations, which, according to the families present there, receive a note that serves for the creation and adaptation of environmental quality biomonitoring indexes. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in environments with different degrees of anthropization, as well as to qualify their efficiency and suitability of biotic indexes of assessment in tropical humid areas. The first work was carried out a scientometric review of scientific articles indexed in the Scopus, ScienceDirect and Scielo databases in an interval from 2000 to 2020; the second article deals with the description of the community's diversity using environmental quality indicators. The results of the research in scientometric analysis showed a scientific production of 314 articles, among which 60 biotic indexes were addressed. Among these, EPT (Ephemeroroptera, Plecoptera and Trichopter) was the most used in scientific research. Among the indexes found, the only one that showed a trend of use for the coming years was the ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon). The studied indices represent water monitoring options that, with adaptations, can be used in different climates and hydrographic basins in the world, carried out in eight locations (Paraguay River, urban streams, Caramujo streams, water ponds and Taiamã Ecological Station (UC- Campo, UC- Rio Paraguai and UC- Rio Bracinho,). Macroinvertebrates were samples using a Van Veen dredge and at the Laboratory, families were analyzed and identified. To take data on the limnological variables, a multiparametric probe was used in addition to the samples of water for the analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus. The macrofauna was represented by 2.210 individuals and the greatest abundance was found in more preserved places, there were positive and statistically significant relationships for dissolved oxygen, water temperature and rapid assessment protocol-RAP with the density of the organisms (ind/m²). The results showed that the indexes EPT and IBF (Benthic Family Index) were the best that match the reality of the environments, corresponding to the results of the RAP. The principal component analysis (PCA) characterized each environment with distinct variables. We can conclude that, for a more robust characterization of aquatic environments, it is necessary to apply several biotic indices together with the physical and chemical variables, thus strengthening the monitoring of environmental quality as well as the creation of biological indexes.

Studies on dynamics are important for us to understand the characteristics and structure of a plant community. The forest dynamics is a process by which the forest remains balanced, contributing with important characteristics of the plant community maintaining the structure and composition over the years. The current state of a forest environment is resulting from the interactions of various processes, growth, mortality and the regeneration. This work aimed to evaluate the composition, structure and dynamics of the arboreal component in areas of forest formation in two hectares in the Serra das Araras Ecological Station (Esec da Serra das Araras. Data from two censuses (2016 and 2019) were used, in two parcels 100 X 100 m permanent standings designated ESA-02 and ESA-03. The criterion of inclusion was a diameter ≥ 10 cm at a height of 1.30 m from the ground. the descriptors phytosociologicals used were: relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and importance value. For floristic diversity, Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Pielou (J’) were used. to compare the data of diameter, height, basal area and number of trees between the censuses we used t-test. For this community, the succession classes were analyzed. ecological. In 2016, 694 individuals, 109 species, 79 were cataloged. genera and 39 families. In 2019 in the same areas 614 individuals, 104 species, 78 genera and 38 families. The diametric structure of the ESA-02 is more heterogeneous than ESA-03. In the basal area for ESA-02 and ESA-03 there was an average gain of one census to another. Mortality occurred in individuals who presented larger diameter. The present study allows us to infer that the forest remains balanced, contributing important characteristics of the plant community maintaining the structure and composition over the years and keeping the current state of a forest environment that results from the interactions of several processes in particular growth, plant mortality.

“DIVERSIDADE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO MOLECULAR DE ENTEROPARASITAS EM DIFERENTES HOSPEDEIROS DOS BIOMAS MATO-GROSSENSES”

The thesis aims to analyze the contradictions, limits, advances and possibilities of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS/2010) and its interface with the socio-productive inclusion of recyclable material collectors, in municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso. From the validity of the PNRS, Law Federal 12.305/2010, the implementation of public policies and plans for Integrated Solid Waste Management (PMGIRS) is a municipal responsibility. The legislator assigned, as a priority, to municipal entities, the contracting of self-managed projects of recyclable material collectors, formed by low-income people, for the system of collection, processing and sale of recyclable solid waste, aiming at inclusion productive and economic emancipation of these workers. This study problematizes: What are the contradictions, the limits, the advances and the possibilities of the PNRS/2010 in the socio-productive inclusion of waste pickers recyclable materials? This is a qualitative approach research descriptive; data collection through bibliographic and documentary review; field research with in-depth interview; and analysis technique of contents. It was evident that the participation of material collectors recyclables in the integrated solid waste management system contributes to reduction of environmental impacts and social inequalities. It's viable economically, as it generates income and empowerment and promotes satisfaction of human needs. Despite that, there are limitations, arising, for the most part, from the lack of resources earmarked for investments in integrated solid waste management policies. This happens, especially, to operate selective collection with the participation of Waste Pickers, with regard to structure, both of the municipalities, as well as of the associations and cooperatives. The precariousness of physical facilities, capital resources, technology and excessive state bureaucracy in the application of the legal framework. You municipalities with organized waste pickers are more likely to implement selective collection. It is essential that the PMGIRS define: ways to provide investments in environmental education with society; development of selective collection and recycling; and actions that contribute to the qualification technical and political and educational training of Waste Pickers.

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This research is part of the field of environmental sciences with a profile ethnographic, and its object of study is the population group belonging to the Yudjá (Juruna) ethnic group that today inhabits the Xingu Indigenous Park, in the State of Mato Grosso – Brazil. The objective of this work is to study the trajectory of this group that, in successive migrations after the first contacts with the national society since the days of colonial Brazil settled in the territory of current occupation, in the middle Xingu and with this to verify which factors dynamics involved in this trajectory, as well as the resilience demonstrated by this people. This study also aims to evaluate the way of life of the Yudjá belonging to this group and if, among their characteristic way of being and live, we can identify aspects related to the emerging concept of Well Living. Seeking to identify more objective parameters for this purpose, we carried out a search in the literature on Good Living and indigenous peoples of Brazil through tool called scientometrics, using the search strings ―Well Viver” and “Indigenous Peoples” in the main academic databases, which resulted in the selection of 24 works, in which we identified elements of the Live well. With the description of such elements of Good Living found among the Yudjá, the objective is to contribute to the strengthening of this people through the appreciation of their way of living and also provide data that can serve also to society as a whole, in the delicate period of facing the civilizational crisis in which we find ourselves. The data referring to the trajectory were researched in the literature and also through direct reports of the Yudjá contemporaries. The collection of data for this purpose, as well as for the scope of the work as a whole was through participant observation and record in field diaries, collected over nine years of work as a volunteer doctor through the Medical and Scientific Department and UDV Charity Department, supervising physician of the Mais Project Physicians for Brazil and professor of the Medicine Course at the Federal of Mato Grosso – Campus Sinop. The results we obtained in allow us to consider that the Yudjá people today resident in the limits of the Park Xingu Indigenous Peoples testify to the outstanding resilience that, over the course of years of vicissitudes, threats and a struggle to persevere, shaped his way of to be and to live, and today it is possible to verify among them elements of what called Good Living. The data obtained allow us to foresee that the people Yudjá has something to contribute with his lifestyle to our society, teaching with its simple, resilient and integrated way to its environment, a way of living well.

Nature is capable of providing countless benefits to people through ecosystem services it provides. Fishing activity and ecotourism can play important roles in this context, as they combine sustainability, conservation and economic support, mainly for the local populations. One of the goals of scientific research is to make data available decision makers so that legislation can be improved in order to benefit the greatest number of people. The general objective of this thesis was characterize the interactions of social groups within CEPESCA and the ecotourism at the Encontro das Águas State Park, in the Pantanal. The results found in CEPESCA identified and categorized five sectors: Government, Tourism Businesses, Professional Fishermen, NGOs and Academia. THE Government had the largest number of institutions involved in the process participatory, followed by tourism, fishermen, NGOs and academia. The analyzes suggest the implementation of social learning processes, and the inclusion of marginalized groups, such as indigenous people, in order to improve the stakeholder balance of power. The PEEA, on the other hand, proved to be a factor of economic development for the region, with an average spending by visitors of US$ 693.00 per day, with the estimated economic impact of this visitation ranging from US$4.8 to US$13.5 million per year. The main reasons for visits were to observe wildlife in general (27%) and to the observation of jaguars (26%). There is what needs to be improved, and the infrastructure that houses tourists was the most cited point, however the trip to PEEA left 100% of the visitors satisfied, demonstrating that the local biodiversity manages to overlap the problems faced by them in other questions.