The study of greenhouse gases, in particular CO2, in inland waters has been fundamental to sum up the contribution of these environments in the global carbon balance. In this regard, urban waters composed of rivers or streams have served as potential points of emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze the impact of urban streams on CO2 emission by diffusive flow at the water-atmosphere interface. In the first chapter, research was carried out in four urban streams/channels, which flow into one of the main rivers of the Pantanal (Paraguay River). For this, we used a floating chamber on aquatic macrophytes and in an open water, considering the flow (emission and/or absorption of CO2). The collections were carried out in the wet season (February) and dry season (September) in the Pantanal. During the rainy season, the streams had between 5 and 40% of vegetation cover, while in the dry season it was 80 to 100%. The rainy season presented an emission about twice as high as in the dry season (5,180.64 ± 8,196.20 mg m-2 day-1 and 2,654.92 ± 7,190.64 mg m-2 day-1, respectively). Only in one of the analyzed streams, it was not possible to find absorption of CO2 by macrophytes, while the other three showed absorption by these plants. In the second chapter, the temporal dynamics of CO2 emission by diffusion flow at the water-atmosphere interface in an urban stream in the municipality of Cáceres, MT, Brazil, was studied, considering emissions in the open bed and on aquatic macrophytes over a period of time. 24-hour cycle, for nine months (October 2021 to June 2022). The chamber was used in open water and on macrophytes of the genus Pontederia sp. It was observed that the macrophytes showed absorption and/or emission of CO2, while the open bed showed only CO2 emission throughout the 24-hour cycle. The CO2 flux variation can change, depending on the observed time or the period of the year. The times of 9:00 am and 12:00 pm showed the highest peaks of CO2 absorption by macrophytes and the times of 6:00 pm and midnight showed the highest peaks of CO2 emission. Streams and/or urban channels are extremely neglected environments. We suggest that public policies are objective and practical for the resumption of these environments as important spaces for society, as well as for the reduction of the impacts of these environments in the contribution of greenhouse gases.

Habitat loss and fragmentation are one of major threats of biodiversity leading both to the local extinction of species once well adapted to the original landscape and to the increase or even colonization of the habitat by other species, generally generalists. The fragmentation of natural habitats has led to the formation of landscapes that are increasingly incapable of maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystems, since the size of the fragments has decreased and the degree of isolation between them has increased, as well as the matrix permeability changes to the flow of organisms between fragments that will have significant effects on the community structure.
Given the urgency for a rational occupation of the landscape towards the environmental conservation and consequent maintenance of the quality of life, a more precise knowledge about habitat fragmentation and the urbanization background matrix is necessary .
Currently, the ISC is in the process of natural forest regeneration, showing recovery of 68.27% of the native vegetation -Atlantic Forest- in a secondary successional stage. Despite the importance of this process, it is known that their depleted habitats may have lost many important faunal elements for the maintenance of ecological interactions. However, the fraying of the urban fabric on the legally protected areas (PAs) of this territory is continuously observed. This contemporary process of production of urban space, allowed through legal instruments, has been causing a strong deterioration in the quality of life as a result of the degradation of the original habitats that are now inserted in this anthropized environment, and compromising ecological integrity.

The Cerrado has a high diversity of vegetation types, consisting of different compositions and structures of the arboreal layer and this becomes even more complex in adjacent areas of other biomes such as the Amazon and the Pantanal. The Serra das Araras Ecological Station (EESA) is located in the Cerrado, 20 km from the geographical limit of the Amazon and 25 km from the Pantanal. In order to analyze the components of composition, structure and dynamics of the tree layer and the frequency and intensity of lianas in different types of vegetation in the five-year period at EESA, field surveys were carried out in three permanent plots of one hectare (100x100m ) in the years 2016 and 2021. These permanent plots are part of the projects linked to the PELD (PELD III and IV), with data available on ForestPlots.net and are coded as ESA-01, ESA-04 and ESA-08, allocated in areas defined by the EESA Management Plan as cerradão, cerrado stricto sensu and wooded cerrado, respectively. Census data for 2016 were provided by ForestPlot.net and for the 2021 census a survey was carried out in October 2021 following the RAINFOR methodology. It was adopted as an inclusion criterion for tree individuals from ESA-01 with DAS ≥ 10 cm (diameter at 1.30 m from the ground) in the 2016 measurement and ESA-04 and ESA-08 with DAS ≥ 5 cm. This level of inclusion of specimens was also adopted for measurements from 2021 onwards in ESA-01. Diameter and height measurements were taken using a ZIMMER standardized diametric tape (5m) and a STANLEY TLM 165 laser measuring tape (50m), respectively. All plots are georeferenced. In the analysis of the results, the sampling effort curve, richness, ecological groups and Shannon-Weaver Diversity (H'), Simpson (D) and Pielou Equability indexes were considered for the composition. For the structure, Basal Area (AB), Relative Density (DR), Relative Dominance (DoR), Relative Frequency (FR), Coverage Value (CV) and Importance Value (VI) were analyzed. For the analysis of the dynamics, the descriptors adopted were: Average annual mortality rate (M) and recruitment (R), Half-life time (T1/2), duplication (T2) and replacement (Rep) and Gain rate in basal area (G) and loss in basal area (P). To analyze the intensity of lianas, a survey was carried out visually, categorizing 0 (no presence), 1 (lianas occupy up to 25% of the canopy), 2 (up to 50% of the canopy), 3 (up to 75% of the canopy) and 4 (100% of the canopy), following the RAINFOR methodology. The results produced for ESA-01 point to the gain of new tree individuals and biomass and that the forest is in a regeneration stage. The results regarding the ecological group show us that Pioneira had less expressive gain in abundance, being 11% of its previous population (26) when compared to Secondary Initial and Secondary Late with gains of 34 and 37% equivalent to the gain of 67 and 25 individuals from its previous population. In terms of richness, pioneers had 19 species in 2016 and 22 species in 2021, SI had 27 and later 31, while ST had 20 and later 24 species. This is also verified by comparing the analyzes of the 2016 and 2021 censuses regarding: reduction of the VI of the pioneer species Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng from 80.95 to 70,47 and the expressive increase of VI in other arboreal individuals such as the initial secondary species Cupania castaneafolia Mart. from 7.19 to 12,72. As for VI, Pioneers had 47,01% of the total and decreased to 42,68%, SI added up to 31,41% and increased to 32,87% of the total and Late Secondary added up to 13,86% and increased to 16,53% of the VI total when compared between 2016 and 2021. The increase in richness from 86 to 97 species, the total abundance from 523 to 615, the higher recruitment rate (4,01 %.) of the that of mortality (1,14 %.) and IPA (2,32 Mg.) indicate that this forest is in a process of increasing its individuals and biomass. The intensity of lianas in ESA-01 was less expressive in 2021 than in 2016. For the analyzes of ESA-04 and ESA-08, the same procedures were adopted and the same descriptors used in ESA-01 were used, but with the objective to carry out a comparison between the two plots, since they are phytophysiognomies of savanna formation with different characteristics and how the load of lianas has been shown in relation to these phytophysiognomies in this arboreal formation. The analyzes of plots ESA-04 and ESA-08 are in production, with the expected results showing that there are differences between the composition, structure and dynamics of the arboreal platform in these areas, combined with the advancement of species characteristic of the Amazon and the influence of lianas in these different vegetations.

Intestinal parasites from the helminth and protozoan groups are considered a seriouspublic health problem in the world, especially in developing countries thathave precarious sanitary conditions. In Brazil, diseases caused byEnteroparasitic diseases are considered endemic and present in all regions,mainly in rural areas and peripheral urban centers that presentprecariousness in basic sanitation. Blastocystis sp is a unicellular protozoan morefrequent findings in analyzes of fecal samples from humans and animals throughout the world.world, its transmission mechanism is considered to be the fecal-oral route, its majorfrequency in humans is associated with key factors such as hygiene and sanitationbasics, drinking water among others in different vulnerable populations. the communitiesquilombolas are populations that present social vulnerabilities, mainly in thewith regard to basic sanitation, which contributes to the emergence of severaldiseases including intestinal parasites. The objective of this work was to analyze theprevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors in residentsquilombolas do Chumbo, Poconé-MT/Brazil. A descriptive study was carried out with 114people. The analyzes of the fecal samples were used the Hoffman technique. To thedescriptive analysis was performed absolute frequency and percentage for variablescategorical and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables, wasPrevalence calculation was performed. In the analysis of proportion, Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used. For association analysis, abinary logistic regression test and multicollinearity test. The prevalence ofenteroparasites was 75%, with the species with the highest prevalence being Blastocystis sp.Regarding the helminths Strongyloides stercorales represented 100% of those infected.To analyze the association, risk factors were observed, who has a petpet at home (OR: 4.958; CI: 1.100-22.351; p=0.037), washing hands sometimes beforecooking (OR; 5.939; CI: 0.941-37.46; p=0.05) and the largest number of roomsper household (OR: 1.667; CI: 1.058-2.627; p=0.02), were more likely to haveintestinal parasites. Protective factors, consuming mineral water (OR 0.084; CI: 0.019 –0.366; p<0.001) and the smaller the number of residents per household presents a chance. smaller in having parasites (OR: 0.641; CI: 0.433-0.950; p=0.027).showed a high prevalence of intestinal parasites, with Blastocystis being the most frequent.Emphasizes the need for investment in basic sanitation and healthy habits ofhygiene against enteroparasitic infections.

The Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world, characterized by a rich diversity of fauna and flora and a pedodiversity resulting from hydromorphic pedogenetic processes, directly influenced by the cycle of seasonal flooding and poor drainage. In this context, soil fertility in the region is affected by the contribution of sediments brought by water, litter deposition, and forest fires, among other factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil fertility in floodplains in the Pantanal Norte Matogrossense. For this, six islands located in the ecological corridor of the Paraguay River in areas of PELD site, from Cáceres to the vicinity of the Taiamã Ecological Station, were selected between October and November 2021. Composite soil samples were collected from five points on each island of a demarcated area of 1 hectare, at depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm using a Dutch auger. After drying and sifting through a 2 mm mesh, granulometric analysis, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, pHH2O, potential acidity (H+Al) and organic carbon (CO) were performed following routine methodologies for soil fertility assessment Base saturation and Al3+ percentages were calculated from the analytical results. According to statistical analyses, no significant differences were found for the variables pH_H2O, potential acidity, potassium, phosphorus, base saturation, magnesium, calcium and potassium and organic carbon (CO), except for the fact that CO presented lower levels in the depth of 20-40cm. The pH_H2O showed values ranging from 5.0 to 5.3, a value considered as average acidity. The soils of the islands showed different classes of textures, including clayey-silty loam, clayey loam and clay. In general, these soils showed good fertility, as indicated by the grades analyzed. Despite being acidic, from an agronomic point of view, there seems to be no significant negative impact on the local vegetation, indicating that it is adapted to these conditions.

The present study addresses the process of territorial occupation, land use and the environmental fragility of the municipalities of Sinop and Terra Nova do Norte, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The choice of these two municipalities was due to the peculiarities that involved the implementation of their colonization projects. The two municipalities come from the occupation policies implemented by the federal government in the 1970s, through the occupation policies of the federal government and also of the private sector. Over the years, both municipalities have undergone intense processes of landscape transformation, especially with regard to the physical environment. The municipality of Sinop with the development of agriculture and Terra Nova do Norte with livestock. The objective of the study was to analyze the social, economic and environmental transformations in the municipality of Sinop and Terra Nova do Norte/MT, identifying the environmental weaknesses. This study is structured in four chapters. The first refers to the environmental characterization (geology, relief, climate, soil and hydrography) carried out by means of a survey of environmental aspects, through information obtained in the RADAMBRASIL project report, and in the following databases: SEPLAN (Secretariat of State of Planning), INMET (National Institute of Meteorology) CPRM (Geological Service of Brazil) IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), ANA (National Water Agency) and EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation), as well as fieldwork . Data processing was performed through the geographic information system, ArcGis 10.6 software for making the maps. The study made it possible to understand the physical elements that constitute the two municipalities studied and how they interrelate and influence the use/occupation process in each municipality. The second chapter deals with the analysis of the social, economic and environmental transformations that took place in the two municipalities, through a survey of the occupation process, land use and socioeconomic indicators. The procedures used were: survey of the historical process of occupation of the municipalities, in the literature and on websites of official bodies (SEPLAG/State Secretariat for Planning and Management, SEPLAN/State Secretariat for Planning), elaboration of the map of use and coverage of the land through the Geographic Information System, ArcGis 10.6 software and analysis of socioeconomic indicators, which were carried out through the collection of information in the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), SEPLAN (Secretariat of State for Planning), SEPLAG (State Secretariat for Planning and Management), UNDP (United Nations Development Program), CAGED (General Register of Employed and Unemployed), DATASUS (Information Department of the Unified Health System) and SEBRAE (Brazilian Service to Support Micro and Small Enterprises). The study showed that the occupation of the surveyed municipalities followed the occupation dynamics adopted by the Federal Government from 1970 onwards, responding to governmental and private interests. The third chapter aimed to identify and map the environmental weaknesses present in the two municipalities, based on the methodological proposal by Ross (1994), developed to study both environments in natural conditions (potential fragility) and anthropized environments (emerging fragility). The methodological procedures used were: bibliographic research, field work and creation of the database through the institutions CPRM (Company for Research on Mineral Resources), IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), EMBRAPA (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) , ANA (National Water Agency) and MAPBIOMAS. This database allowed the survey and analysis of geoenvironmental conditions (geology, geomorphology, soils, drainage, precipitation and land use and cover). In this way, maps of soil, relief, precipitation and land use and cover were generated, through the Geographic Information System, ArcGis 10.6 software, which were confronted to carry out the mapping of potential and emerging environmental fragility. The mapping evidenced the natural conditions and the imbalances of the physical environment caused by the anthropic interventions in the two cities studied. The fourth chapter is under construction, and an analysis will be carried out to identify whether regional environmental elements are part of the curriculum of municipal public schools in both municipalities and how these are worked in the pedagogical practice in the classroom. The research was carried out in two schools, one in each municipality surveyed, with the following procedures: document analysis of the curriculum matrix of the Municipal Education Network and of the Pedagogical Political Project of the schools surveyed; interviews with teachers of the 5th year of Elementary School and application of a questionnaire to the students of the 5th year of Ensin

The fruit pulp industries generate tons of waste, such as peels, such as cupuaçu pulp, where the peel represents approximately 45% of the fruit's mass. In this activity, the proper disposal of waste is not always done, which can lead to environmental liabilities. Biochars of various origins are objects of study due to the fact that they can be used for different purposes. One of the most widespread uses is as a soil conditioner by promoting improvements in the physical-chemical attributes of soils. Studies proposing alternatives for the disposal of cupuaçu bark have been conducted, however, none on the effects of the application of its biochar in the soil. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate, in a pot test, the influence of cupuaçu husk biochar as a soil conditioner, comparing it to chemical fertilization in the lettuce crop. The biochar was obtained by pyrolysis at 500°C of cupuaçu bark, ground and sieved in a 2.00 mm sieve, and applied to a typical Orthic Quartzarenic Neosol, collected in the Amazon region. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized, consisting of eight doses of biochar, 0.05%; 0.10%; 0.15%; 0.20%; 0.35%; 0.50%; 0.75% and 1.00% (m m-1), and a control, with ten repetitions. Biochar doses were applied to the soil and the homogenized mixture was incubated for 60 days. For comparison purposes, a treatment with chemical fertilization was implemented, in five replications. Bioavailable levels of macro and micronutrients were performed in the biochar and in the incubated soil samples. After the incubation period, curly lettuce, cv. Valentina, was cultivated in pots for 60 days. The phytotechnical analyzes such as number of leaves (NF), leaf area (AF), plant height (AP), shoot fresh mass (MFPA), shoot dry mass (MSPA) and root dry mass (MSR) of the plants were determined. The average available levels of K and P were equal to 23,391 and 761 mg kg-1, respectively. The application of 1% of biochar increased the levels of K in the soil from 0.08 to 1.0 cmolc dm-3. Results from NF, AF, MFPA, MSPA and MSR showed a positive Pearson (r) correlation in response to the biochar dose with the following values 0.736; 0.889; 0.911; 0.847 and 0.787, respectively (p < 0.01); the highest productivity was obtained with the dosage of 1%. In comparison to chemical fertilization, the Dunnett average test (α = 0.05) showed no significant difference in the AP and MSPA analysis for the 0.75% dosage and AP, MFPA, MSPA and MSR for 1%. The results show that the transformation of cupuaçu bark into biochar and its subsequent application to the soil contributes to the production of lettuce, with the potential to minimize the need for industrialized potassium fertilizers, and reduce the environmental impacts resulting from the inadequate disposal of waste from industrialization. of cupuaçu pulp.

Amphibians stand out as the group of vertebrates with the highest level of threat and with the greatest deficit of conservation studies on a global scale. Brazil has the greatest diversity of amphibians in the world and is also the country with the greatest opportunities for discovering new amphibian species. This condition of Brazil is closely related, among other factors, to its large territorial extension. Among the regions with knowledge under construction on the diversity and conservation of amphibians, we have the Upper Paraguay Basin (BAP), where the largest wetland in the world, the Pantanal. Here, it was sought to assess the diversity and conservation of amphibians in northwest BAP, Mato Grosso, Brazil. To provide information on amphibian diversity and conservation in this region, the thesis was divided into four chapters. In chapter 1, entitled “Difference in altitude shapes amphibian diversity in riparian forests in the Brazilian Pantanal”, formatted for the journal Austral Ecology. The objective was to understand how the taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity of terrestrial anurans assemblages are structured in the northern region of the Pantanal and the surrounding plateau, Mato Grosso, Brazil. In chapter 2, entitled “Species of amphibians from where everything starts to flood, municipality of Cáceres, North Pantanal, Midwest of Brazil”, formatted for the magazine Papéis Avulsos De Zoologia. The objective was to inventory and compile information on species of amphibians that occur in the northern region of the Pantanal, in the limits of the municipality of Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil. In chapter 3, entitled “Amphibians from the northern region of the Alto Paraguai Basin, Mato Grosso, Brazil”, formatted for the North-Western Journal of Zoology, the objective was to present an overview of amphibian species richness for six municipalities in the northern region of BAP, Mato Grosso, Brazil. In chapter 4, under preparation, entitled “Passive acoustic monitoring for surveying anuran in the North Pantanal, Central-West Brazil”, this study aimed to evaluate the ability of passive acoustic monitoring to record anuran vocalization in the North Pantanal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The northwest of the BAP presented a richness of 67 species of amphibians, where no species was classified as endangered, 80% presented as least concern, 11% as deficient of data, and nine have not yet been evaluated according to the classification of the international union for the conservation of nature. We highlight the surrounding plateau as a source of amphibian diversity for the region and emphasize the need for conservation measures in these environments, as they are the portion historically most affected by socioeconomic demand and are crucial for maintaining the largest wetland in the world, the Pantanal.

: Dengue is a viral disease whose causative agent is a virus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which uses water, not necessarily clean, to reproduce. This disease has become a serious public health problem, due to the difficulty in controlling the spread of this vector. Thus, alternative measures need to be studied to combat mosquito proliferation. This research sought to identify the relationship between the different degrees of environmental qualification and the occurrence of the vector A. aegypti; and to identify the relationship between the water dynamics of urban streams and the periods of vector infestation.This is an epidemiological and descriptive study of the incidence rate and mortality from dengue, seeking to correlate with rainfall, Human Development Index (IDH), Demographic Density and the Urban Cleaning Sustainability Index (ISLU). Predation experiments were also carried out under laboratory conditions using three fish species (Moenkhausia dichroura, Astyanax asuncionensis and Aequidens plagiozanatus), in which A. aegypti larvae were offered to the species to identify whether there would be predation; and, finally, an active search for Aedes aegypti was carried out in three urban streams in the city of Cáceres. Dengue incidence did not show a significant relationship with population density (R²= 0.0025; p=0.56), but it was related to rainfall (R²=0.0019; p<0.05). The month of January had the highest incidence (83.27/100 thousand inhabitants). A. plagiozanatus reached 97.4% of predation, while M. diehroura and A. asuncionensis showed similar behavior, reaching 64.52% and 54.92% of predation, respectively. Five vectors were captured in adult form at the river mouth of the Sangradouro stream and its banks, as well as 57 larvae in stages I, II, III and IV of A. aegypti i. Dengue fever revealed epidemic peaks with high incidence rates in Mato Grosso, not showing any relationship with Demographic Density, but expressing a significant relationship with rainfall. The Brazilian native fish showed competence as predators of Aedes aegypti larvae. In the urban stream Sangradouro, adult larvae and mosquitoes of the vector that transmit dengue were found.

“Ethnobotanical study in religionsof Afro-Brazilian mothers in the city of Cáceres, Mato Grosso, from the perspective ofWell live”

The species Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) is widespread over a large part of the South American territory, in Brazil its record occurs in large part, except in the Amazon. It is a common species in the Cerrado biome, as it adapts to anthropized and peri-urban environments. Anthropogenic areas bring the populations of wild animals closer to the domestic ones, allowing the transmission of parasites. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the populations of domestic and wild canids, as well as the possibility of cross-contamination. For the capture of Cerdocyon thous, 10 folding Tomahawk traps were installed, measuring 115 x 55 x 60. As bait, pieces of chickens placed at the bottom of the traps were used. Biological material. In relation to domestic dogs, a questionnaire was applied to the owners of the animals regarding their life habits and the collection of biological material was carried out without the need for sedation. The samples were properly packaged and kept refrigerated until further analysis in the laboratory. The results obtained in the stool samples, according to Hoffman (1934) were positive for several parasites in domestic dogs with frequency of occurrence for Blastocystis sp. 60%, Trichuris vulpis 10%, Dipylidium caninum 10%, Hookworm 20%, Giardia lamblia 20% and Sarcocystis sp. 20%. For C. thous, the frequency of occurrence of mite eggs was 28.57%, Hookworm 42.85%, Blastocystis sp. 28.57%, Trichuris vulpis 14.28%. With the FAUST technique, parasites of domestic dogs were observed with frequency of occurrence for Blastocystis sp. of 30% and Sarcocystis sp. 10%. For C. thous with a frequency of occurrence of Hookworm 42.85%, Blastocystis sp. 57.14%, Trichuris vulpis 14, 28% and Capillaria sp. 14.28%. Blood samples from domestic and wild canids were subjected to Reverse Transcription followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to investigate pathogens (Anaplasma sp., Babesia sp., Erlichia canis, Erlichia sp, Hepatozon sp., Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma sp and CDV). The results showed that 50% of samples from domestic dogs were positive for Anaplasma sp., 60% for Babesia sp., 30% for Erlichia canis and 20% for Erlichia sp. However, they were negative for the antigens Hepatozon sp., Leishmania sp., Trypanosoma sp. and CDV. For C. thous all samples had negative reactions for all genotypes analyzed. Serology for distemper antibody detection (rapid test kit) in serum samples from domestic and wild dogs revealed that 80% of the samples were reactive for domestic dogs and none for C. thous. The frequency of occurrence of parasites in the feces and the presence of pathogens of infectious diseases in the blood of domestic dogs can characterize a threat to wild dogs present in the Conservation Unit that have direct contact between them, as they have free transit between the Conservation Unit. and the surrounding areas. Considering that the home range of C. thous can reach more than 7 km2, which overlaps 60% of the sampled domestic dogs, this way it can contaminate not only the C. thous object of this study, but also Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), Lycalopex vetulus (field fox) and Speothos venaticus (vinegar dog), as well as the feline species present in the area. For example, Blastocystis sp. was present in both species, which may demonstrate the contact between the animals. Preservation measures imply a work of sensitization of some residents who own domestic dogs, related to the vaccination and deworming of these animals. Thus, we emphasize that the combination of analysis techniques seeking to identify pathogens and parasites that affect diseases in domestic and wild canids, in addition to the mode of contagion, is essential to propose measures for the conservation of wild fauna.

Mercury (Hg) is a global concern due to its adverse effects on human health, food safety and the environment. It is one of the most serious environmental pollutants and related toxic compounds can be easily transferred to water, soil and sediment. The accumulation over time of large inputs of Hg into the environment results in the widespread occurrence of Hg throughout the food chain, requiring action to identify the main local sources of Hg. The Brazilian Pantanal is a floodplain covering an area of almost 140,000 km 2 and is subject to seasonal and monomodal floods, mostly once a year. As the final receptor of pollutants, derived from anthropogenic pressures, it is a vulnerable region threatened by recent trends in economic development, mainly by persistent and lethal fires that occurred mainly in the years 2018 to 2020. Traces of mercury have already been found in algae, fish and reptiles in the North Pantanal; which brings concern for the fragile balance of this ecosystem as well as for the health of the animals and the riverside population. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the origin of mercury in the North Pantanal Ecosystem. With an exploratory methodology, the collections took place in the springs, course and mouths of the Jauru, Cabaçal, Sepotuba and Paraguai rivers, whose waters form upstream of the edges of the Pantanal. Forty-eight points were considered, and samples of leaves, soil, sediment, zooplankton and particulate matter in water were collected. To determine the THg, a direct analyzer (DMA 80) was used, followed by statistical analyses. There were significant relationships of the four rivers and areas studied for soil (p<0.05). And between the spring, course and mouth areas, there were significant relationships for sediments (p<0.05). Among the studied rivers, the Cabaçal river presented the highest concentration of THg for zooplankton, (11.01 ± 5.34 ug/kg), soil (15.58 ± 16.77 ug/kg) and leaves (21.81 ± 10.18 ug/kg), while the Jauru River presented for sediments (3.67 ± 21.47 ug/kg). The Cabaçal River was associated with intense sedimentation of the basin lithology and the occurrence of Latosols, associated with land use, in addition to the fluvial dynamics itself. The Jauru River associated with PCHs established in the region since 1990. The concentrations found even below the limits established by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) require government actions to prevent environmental contamination, guiding and aware of the risks to which the population may be exposed, as well as the preservation of this fragile ecosystem. Continuous monitoring should occur mainly because the number of fires has increased in the last two years (2020-2021) in the Pantanal Biome.

TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND THE TEACHING/LEARNING PROCESS ABOUT THE FAUNA OF THE ECOTONE OF THE SUDOESTE DE MATO GROSSO IN THE ESTADUAL SCHOOL OF AND IN THE CAMPO MADRE CRISTINA

This thesis addresses the Environmental History of the Terranova Colonization Project located in the municipalities of Terra Nova do Norte and Nova Guarita in the far north of Mato Grosso. The approach portrays the historical and current configuration regarding the relationship of this society with nature in its places of life. The Terranova Colonization Project is a process of reoccupation of this territory, via Official Colonization of the military government implemented in 1978 through INCRA and Cooperativa Coopercana. In this Project, landless peasant families who illegally occupied indigenous reserves in the upper Uruguay region were settled, where they lived in a situation of conflict over land tenure. From the focus of Environmental History, the central issue of the thesis sought to answer the following questions: What social and environmental conditions led/motivated southerners in the Alto Uruguai/RS region to accept the proposal to migrate to the Terranova Colonization Project in the North of Mato Grosso ?How was the process of appropriation and use of nature taking place, in view of the socio-environmental crisis currently experienced by peasants in the research study area? The objective of the research is to analyze the relationship between society and nature, represented by the peasants and the Terranova Project, from the perspective of Environmental History, to face and overcome the challenges of the local socio-environmental crisis through the possibilities offered by environmental education. study is based on qualitative research. In this perspective and in order to contemplate the outlined objectives and answer the thesis questions, the dialectical method for the scientific approach to research was defined. As for the procedures and techniques of data collection, we used, first, the bibliographical and documental research. Then, for field data, we used participant observation, field notebook and semi-structured interviews based on methods of oral history of lives and comprehensive interview. Participating interlocutors are peasants remaining in rural plots since the beginning of the Project. The results show that the creation and implementation of the Terranova Project disregarded the Krenakarore indigenous people, who inhabited this territory. It also disregarded the socio-environmental reality of migrant peasants in their life trajectories and the migration to the Amazon biome without any preparation or knowledge of the local ecosystem. The development of the Terranova Project reproduced the southern ethos of civilizing deforestation based on the exploitation of natural resources and the production of raw materials for national and international markets. In the reoccupation process, a development model based on the exploitation of natural resources was implemented, in which peasant families were inserted and conceived as small production units for the national and international market. Consequently, this generated profound impacts and transformations in the environment, leading to a local socio-environmental crisis that imposes on this society the search for alternatives to face the crisis and the construction of a more sustainable collective life.

This research was carried out within the hydrographic basin of Cachoeirinha stream, placet at Cáceres city, Mato Grosso State. The main purpose was to study the several environmental characteristics, the pedological units, the distincts ways of land usage, the environmental fragilities and the morphodynamics of the hydrographic basin. The methodology focused, firstly, on structuring this study in five chapters. The environmental elements characterization was performed through a review in scientific publications, also from the RADAMBRASIL Project and from the Ministry of Defense, pages and yet from Mato Grosso Atlas – Planning Secretary of Mato Grosso StateSEPLAN. The basin area delimitation was made through the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) and the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). The thematic maps were elaborated through the IBGE database and field activities. The representative pedological units characterization was outlined based on EMBRAPA manuals, field observations, opening of trenches, morphological description, gathering and physicalchemical analyzes. The land usage, ocuppation and covering process was characterized through scientific publications, public documents, maps and information from INCRA and MAPBIOMAS with images referring to the years 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2020, processed in the software QGis 3.4.6 and field activities with informal interviews. The basin compartmentalization in high, medium and low course and the drainage network characterization was carried out through the SEPLAN-MT; regarding the maps elaboration with the classes of fragility, it was outlined through the algebra of maps "Calculator Raster", following adaptations of scientific productions. In relation to the morphometric parameters definition it were performed field activities in March and August/2020 (flood and drought periods in the hydrographic basin) for observations, also bathymetry and gathreing of water samples for analysis in order to quantify the suspended solid load. The results from first chapter show that the regional climate is AW. However, the different altitudes influenced the formation of two climatic units: Hot Mesothermal Altitude Tropical of Southern Facade of Plateaus, with na area of 69,16%, comprising the upper course of the basin (Serrana Province), and the Sub-Humid Megathermal Tropical of the Depressions and Plateaus of Mato Grosso, which occupies 30.84% in the middle and lower courses (Depression of the Upper Paraguai and the the Paraguay River Plain). Of the geological formations, the Raizama Formation Sandstone is evident, present in 27.88% of the upper course of the basin, playing an important role in the process of supplying the groundwater table and the Sepotuba Formation, occupying the upper and middle course valleys, where the fluvial slopes flow, with an area equivalent to 41.03%. The Geomorphology shows the Serrana Province, occupying 52.65% of the basin (upper course) and the Paraguay River Plain with an area of 0.24% in the lower course, an environment of sediment deposition that influences the exuberance of the floristic landscape. The predominant vegetation cover is the Savanna type, which characteristics are influenced mainly by 26 pedological attributes. The largest unit is the Wooded Savanna without gallery forest, covering 54.78% of the basin, corresponding to areas with higher altitudes (315 to 700 meters) in the Serrana Province. The composition with the highest stature is the Alluvial Seasonal Semideciduous Forest with an emerging canopy, present in the lower course, in the Paraguay River Plain region. In the second chapter, the pedological units were identified, evidencing the greatest representation of the Regolithic Neosol, occupying an area of 40.69% in the Serrana Province region and the Latosols, in 40.5% in the Upper Paraguay Depression. The third chapter showed that usage and occupation began during the 18th century with subsistence agriculture and extractive activities. From the 19th century, with the immigrants arrival, there was the insertion of mechanized agriculture, initiating social conflicts, deforestation of large areas, fires, use of pesticides, erosion and soil compaction, among other impacts. Currently, 63% of the basin is covered by Cerrado vegetation, 34.52% is occupied by pasture and 1.68% by grain monoculture. The fourth chapter show that the strongest environmental fragility is in the region of the Serrana Province with an area of 11.57% of the basin, where the relief is sloping and the lowest classification (very weak and weak) is found in the valleys of Depression of the Upper Paraguai and in the Plain of the Paraguai River, where the relief presents a lower slope. Regarding the climate, the strong fragility was in the area dominated by the Tropical Climate of Hot Mesothermal Altitude of the Meridional Facade of Plateaus, as a consequence of the higher precipitation incidence on steep slopes. As for the soils, the Eutrophic Fluvic Neosol Tb typical in the Paraguay River Plain and the Eutrophic Litholic Neosol in the Serrana Province showed very strong fragility and really weak fragility for the middle course Latosols, where the relief presents smooth wavy areas. Where the land covered by the Forest Formation appears in the low course, the environmental fragility is very weak (23.57% of the basin), for the Savanna and Campestral Formation; 39.37% of the area in the upper course and the fragility is weak. The most expressive class of potential fragility (46.42% of area) and emerging (68.19% of the basin) is the medium. The increase in the occupied area among the fragilities happens with the insertion of land use and occupation. The fifth chap4ter shows that geomorphology created the exorheic flow pattern and the parallel drainage. The drainage density was 0.52 km/km² and channels, 0.10 channels/km², considered low due to the geology and geomorphology of the basin. The periods of flood and drought influence the indices of flow, depth, velocity and, consequently, the contribution of liquid and solid discharge to the Paraguay River. The realization of this study allowed the knowledge about the characteristics of the basin, which can guide environmental management actions and contribute to environmental conservation. The flood and drought periods influence the indices of flow, depth, velocity and, consequently, the contribution of liquid and solid discharge to the Paraguay River. Performing this study allowed the knowledge about the characteristics of the hydrographicy basin, which can guide environmental management actions and contribute to environmental conservation.

Birds can be effective indicators of ecological conditions in wetlands, because constitute  
one of the most diverse biological groups, have high mobility, and provide fundamental  
ecological functions that guarantee the maintenance of ecosystem support and regulation  
services. In this research, we evaluated the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds
through distinct approaches, using the group as a potential ecological indicator to  
contribute to conservation actions and environmental planning in the Brazilian Pantanal  
floodplain. For this, we structured the document into four chapters, corresponding to two  
published articles, one submitted and one in preparation. The first chapter is an overview
of scientific knowledge about birds in the Pantanal based on publications from the last 30  
years, which made it possible to direct and substantiate future research. In the second  
chapter, we carry out an inventory and consolidate a list of bird species that occur in a  
protected area of the Pantanal which is recognized as a wetland of international  
importance, which can contribute to the knowledge of the distribution and occurrence of  
birds in this floodplain. In the third chapter, we researched how the richness, abundance  
and functional structure of birds with different degrees of wetlands dependence are  
influenced by the flood pulse dynamics of the Pantanal. We expected to find different  
ecological responses for each birds group in relation to hydrological cycle. In the fourth  
chapter, we propose to investigate whether the modification of habitats across the  
hydrological cycles affects the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds, in order to  
access environmental changes in a tropical floodplain. We expect to contribute to the  
knowledge of the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds in floodplains, as well as  
towards advances for wetlands conservation

The theme of female peasant territorialities of the Cerrado developed in this thesis, sought to contemplate approaches involving the Cerrado biome and its territorialization and the consequences for socio-environmental and cultural diversities. the gradual importance economic growth of the biome was processed by the prosperous productive capacity, in the expansion of the Brazilian agricultural frontiers. The development of agrarian capital in these fields, made viable the transactions and partnerships of private and public sectors with strategies and negotiations for international agro-export markets. This historic setting implied changes in the socio-environmental and cultural relations of traditional peoples cerradeiros, whose material and immaterial dimensions in the relationships of the subjects with the territory, were configured in the consolidation of survival actions and identities. These relationships reconcile webs of complicity and bonds creating a unique feature, combining the daily needs of life and the offer of the Cerrado's biodiversity. In this follow-up, we sought to investigate the protagonism of peasant women in closed territories, their experiences and legacies. To achieve this goal, we used of life history, a methodology that is part of the universe of qualitative research, relying on the procedures of participant observation and open interviews. With incipient results, these techniques were enough to understand that, even in the face of invisibility conditions given by the patriarchal social structure and setbacks imposed by the transformations of work in the countryside, peasant women research participants, revealed that they house, with simplicity, the ways of life founded in the cerradeiros fields and protect customs, imprint their practices on cultural knowledge, promoting their protection. Even with partial search results, it is worth ensuring that, although neglected, the female presence emerges as protagonist in the struggle, in the exercise of resistance and permanence on earth.

The objective of this work was to evaluate different techniques of direct seeding (in holes and the haul), as well as to identify the influence of litter transposition after sowing, to emergence and establishment of native species in ecological restoration work in a area of degraded springs in the municipality of Cáceres-MT. In the experiment presented here two direct sowing techniques (in holes and by broadcast) were analyzed in two different environments. (with and without litter transposition), using three species of native plants, (Jacaranda cuspidifolia Mart., Sterculia apetala (Jaqc.) H. Karst., Vochysya divergens Pohl.), in a factorial scheme (2x2) in a degraded spring area. Being four treatments: T1 direct seeding in holes, T2 direct seeding in holes with litter, T3 seeding direct seeding by broadcast and T4 direct seeding by broadcast with litter, with eight replications each. THE emergency, establishment were monitored for three months and had height, collar diameter and number of leaves for ten months. For the species S. apetala, the best treatment was T2, obtaining better values in all parameters analyzed in this experiment. For the species J. cuspidifolia T4 was more efficient for the percentage of emergency, establishment, emergency speed index, average emergency time, for the average height and diameter of the collar, number of leaves and survival rate, T3 proved to be more promising. For the species V. divergens the treatment that obtained the best values in all parameters analyzed in the experiment was T4. Large seeds have better germination and emergence rates in the field, using the sowing technique direct, when compared with small seeds, The litter transposed after sowing direct influence positively on emergence, establishment and provided plants with greater vigor at the end of the experiment. Showing to be a possibility to improve the chances emergence and establishment of species with small seeds, used in forest recovery. Thus, we consider that the use of litter transposition can be one of the efficient auxiliary methods in ecological restoration.

As the natural aging process, the elderly presents changes morphophysiological and immunological leaving the most susceptible to various ooinfections parasitic. Endoparasitosis is a public health problem in Brazil, showing variations according to basic sanitation conditions, level socioeconomic status, level of education, age and hygiene habits, among others variables. The general objective of this work was to analyze the prevalence of endoparasites in seniors who attend the Living Center and seniors and employees of the Long-stay institution in the city of Cáceres-MT. The samples were analyzed using three laboratory techniques, namely: Hoffmann, Ritchie and modified Safranina staining technique in the Parasitic Biology laboratory at Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT). The prevalence of parasites intestinal were: among the elderly of the Living Center (46.98%), elderly of the Long-stay Institution (83.33%) and employees (84.61%). You endoparasites Cryptosporidium sp., Cyclospora sp. and Giardia lamblia were the most prevalent, with 22%, 19% and 18%, respectively. This study also evaluated the sociodemographic characteristics and personal hygiene habits of the elderly at the Center Coexistence and ILP employees. The results suggested a condition epidemiological concern of the elderly population of the ILP because the high rates of prevalence in both the elderly and employees show the high risk of infection and reinfection in this environment and shows the need for programs educational awareness of hygienic practices and primary health care of the elderly population in these institutions.

Aquatic invertebrates are of great ecological importance in freshwater environments, participating decisively in the processes of fragmentation and decomposition of organic matter. The identification of the aquatic macrofauna is quite approximately in determining the environmental quality through the use of biomonitoring indices. Researchers and companies from all over the world have used macroinvertebrates as pieces for environmental qualification because they are considered good biological indicators, due to their sensitivity they respond to environmental variations, which, according to the families present there, receive a note that serves for the creation and adaptation of environmental quality biomonitoring indexes. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in environments with different degrees of anthropization, as well as to qualify their efficiency and suitability of biotic indexes of assessment in tropical humid areas. The first work was carried out a scientometric review of scientific articles indexed in the Scopus, ScienceDirect and Scielo databases in an interval from 2000 to 2020; the second article deals with the description of the community's diversity using environmental quality indicators. The results of the research in scientometric analysis showed a scientific production of 314 articles, among which 60 biotic indexes were addressed. Among these, EPT (Ephemeroroptera, Plecoptera and Trichopter) was the most used in scientific research. Among the indexes found, the only one that showed a trend of use for the coming years was the ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon). The studied indices represent water monitoring options that, with adaptations, can be used in different climates and hydrographic basins in the world, carried out in eight locations (Paraguay River, urban streams, Caramujo streams, water ponds and Taiamã Ecological Station (UC- Campo, UC- Rio Paraguai and UC- Rio Bracinho,). Macroinvertebrates were samples using a Van Veen dredge and at the Laboratory, families were analyzed and identified. To take data on the limnological variables, a multiparametric probe was used in addition to the samples of water for the analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus. The macrofauna was represented by 2.210 individuals and the greatest abundance was found in more preserved places, there were positive and statistically significant relationships for dissolved oxygen, water temperature and rapid assessment protocol-RAP with the density of the organisms (ind/m²). The results showed that the indexes EPT and IBF (Benthic Family Index) were the best that match the reality of the environments, corresponding to the results of the RAP. The principal component analysis (PCA) characterized each environment with distinct variables. We can conclude that, for a more robust characterization of aquatic environments, it is necessary to apply several biotic indices together with the physical and chemical variables, thus strengthening the monitoring of environmental quality as well as the creation of biological indexes.

Studies on dynamics are important for us to understand the characteristics and structure of a plant community. The forest dynamics is a process by which the forest remains balanced, contributing with important characteristics of the plant community maintaining the structure and composition over the years. The current state of a forest environment is resulting from the interactions of various processes, growth, mortality and the regeneration. This work aimed to evaluate the composition, structure and dynamics of the arboreal component in areas of forest formation in two hectares in the Serra das Araras Ecological Station (Esec da Serra das Araras. Data from two censuses (2016 and 2019) were used, in two parcels 100 X 100 m permanent standings designated ESA-02 and ESA-03. The criterion of inclusion was a diameter ≥ 10 cm at a height of 1.30 m from the ground. the descriptors phytosociologicals used were: relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and importance value. For floristic diversity, Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Pielou (J’) were used. to compare the data of diameter, height, basal area and number of trees between the censuses we used t-test. For this community, the succession classes were analyzed. ecological. In 2016, 694 individuals, 109 species, 79 were cataloged. genera and 39 families. In 2019 in the same areas 614 individuals, 104 species, 78 genera and 38 families. The diametric structure of the ESA-02 is more heterogeneous than ESA-03. In the basal area for ESA-02 and ESA-03 there was an average gain of one census to another. Mortality occurred in individuals who presented larger diameter. The present study allows us to infer that the forest remains balanced, contributing important characteristics of the plant community maintaining the structure and composition over the years and keeping the current state of a forest environment that results from the interactions of several processes in particular growth, plant mortality.

“DIVERSIDADE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO MOLECULAR DE ENTEROPARASITAS EM DIFERENTES HOSPEDEIROS DOS BIOMAS MATO-GROSSENSES”

The thesis aims to analyze the contradictions, limits, advances and possibilities of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS/2010) and its interface with the socio-productive inclusion of recyclable material collectors, in municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso. From the validity of the PNRS, Law Federal 12.305/2010, the implementation of public policies and plans for Integrated Solid Waste Management (PMGIRS) is a municipal responsibility. The legislator assigned, as a priority, to municipal entities, the contracting of self-managed projects of recyclable material collectors, formed by low-income people, for the system of collection, processing and sale of recyclable solid waste, aiming at inclusion productive and economic emancipation of these workers. This study problematizes: What are the contradictions, the limits, the advances and the possibilities of the PNRS/2010 in the socio-productive inclusion of waste pickers recyclable materials? This is a qualitative approach research descriptive; data collection through bibliographic and documentary review; field research with in-depth interview; and analysis technique of contents. It was evident that the participation of material collectors recyclables in the integrated solid waste management system contributes to reduction of environmental impacts and social inequalities. It's viable economically, as it generates income and empowerment and promotes satisfaction of human needs. Despite that, there are limitations, arising, for the most part, from the lack of resources earmarked for investments in integrated solid waste management policies. This happens, especially, to operate selective collection with the participation of Waste Pickers, with regard to structure, both of the municipalities, as well as of the associations and cooperatives. The precariousness of physical facilities, capital resources, technology and excessive state bureaucracy in the application of the legal framework. You municipalities with organized waste pickers are more likely to implement selective collection. It is essential that the PMGIRS define: ways to provide investments in environmental education with society; development of selective collection and recycling; and actions that contribute to the qualification technical and political and educational training of Waste Pickers.

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This research is part of the field of environmental sciences with a profile ethnographic, and its object of study is the population group belonging to the Yudjá (Juruna) ethnic group that today inhabits the Xingu Indigenous Park, in the State of Mato Grosso – Brazil. The objective of this work is to study the trajectory of this group that, in successive migrations after the first contacts with the national society since the days of colonial Brazil settled in the territory of current occupation, in the middle Xingu and with this to verify which factors dynamics involved in this trajectory, as well as the resilience demonstrated by this people. This study also aims to evaluate the way of life of the Yudjá belonging to this group and if, among their characteristic way of being and live, we can identify aspects related to the emerging concept of Well Living. Seeking to identify more objective parameters for this purpose, we carried out a search in the literature on Good Living and indigenous peoples of Brazil through tool called scientometrics, using the search strings ―Well Viver” and “Indigenous Peoples” in the main academic databases, which resulted in the selection of 24 works, in which we identified elements of the Live well. With the description of such elements of Good Living found among the Yudjá, the objective is to contribute to the strengthening of this people through the appreciation of their way of living and also provide data that can serve also to society as a whole, in the delicate period of facing the civilizational crisis in which we find ourselves. The data referring to the trajectory were researched in the literature and also through direct reports of the Yudjá contemporaries. The collection of data for this purpose, as well as for the scope of the work as a whole was through participant observation and record in field diaries, collected over nine years of work as a volunteer doctor through the Medical and Scientific Department and UDV Charity Department, supervising physician of the Mais Project Physicians for Brazil and professor of the Medicine Course at the Federal of Mato Grosso – Campus Sinop. The results we obtained in allow us to consider that the Yudjá people today resident in the limits of the Park Xingu Indigenous Peoples testify to the outstanding resilience that, over the course of years of vicissitudes, threats and a struggle to persevere, shaped his way of to be and to live, and today it is possible to verify among them elements of what called Good Living. The data obtained allow us to foresee that the people Yudjá has something to contribute with his lifestyle to our society, teaching with its simple, resilient and integrated way to its environment, a way of living well.

Nature is capable of providing countless benefits to people through ecosystem services it provides. Fishing activity and ecotourism can play important roles in this context, as they combine sustainability, conservation and economic support, mainly for the local populations. One of the goals of scientific research is to make data available decision makers so that legislation can be improved in order to benefit the greatest number of people. The general objective of this thesis was characterize the interactions of social groups within CEPESCA and the ecotourism at the Encontro das Águas State Park, in the Pantanal. The results found in CEPESCA identified and categorized five sectors: Government, Tourism Businesses, Professional Fishermen, NGOs and Academia. THE Government had the largest number of institutions involved in the process participatory, followed by tourism, fishermen, NGOs and academia. The analyzes suggest the implementation of social learning processes, and the inclusion of marginalized groups, such as indigenous people, in order to improve the stakeholder balance of power. The PEEA, on the other hand, proved to be a factor of economic development for the region, with an average spending by visitors of US$ 693.00 per day, with the estimated economic impact of this visitation ranging from US$4.8 to US$13.5 million per year. The main reasons for visits were to observe wildlife in general (27%) and to the observation of jaguars (26%). There is what needs to be improved, and the infrastructure that houses tourists was the most cited point, however the trip to PEEA left 100% of the visitors satisfied, demonstrating that the local biodiversity manages to overlap the problems faced by them in other questions.