The Cerrado, a savanna biome located in the central highlands of Brazil, is crucial for global biodiversity, housing about 5% of the planet's biological diversity and one-third of Brazil's biota. However, the region faces significant challenges, such as deforestation and climate change, which affect water availability and the conservation of anurans. Taxonomic diversity is an essential component of biological communities, focusing on the quantification and identification of taxa in a specific area. Functional diversity is fundamental for understanding the ecology of communities, allowing for the analysis of ecological traits and providing insights into the maintenance and functioning of ecosystems by examining how species interact and how their characteristics influence community dynamics. Phylogenetic diversity, in turn, is crucial for clarifying the relationships among taxa in a region, highlighting the importance of each species based on its evolutionary history. In this context, the order Anura, which includes toads, frogs, and tree frogs, plays a fundamental role as indicators of environmental quality. These organisms help to highlight the effects of anthropogenic changes in terrestrial and aquatic habitats, as they depend on both environments to complete their life cycle. Additionally, they have a short generation time and are essential components of food webs. This study aims to understand the responses of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran assemblages in natural and urban environments. To this end, the research is divided into two chapters: the first analyzes the patterns of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anurans in four phytophysiognomies of the Cerrado, while the second evaluates the influence of different environmental factors on the patterns of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anurans in urban ponds in the city of Cáceres, an ecotone area between the Cerrado and Pantanal. Proper conservation and management of these habitats are essential to protect anuran biodiversity and ensure the maintenance of the ecosystem services they provide. Thus, our study will allow for a better understanding of the impacts of human activities on these organisms and will help identify the best conservation strategies to preserve this important group of vertebrates.

The study “The Harmful Effects of Toxic Metals on People with Cancer in the State of Mato Grosso” addresses the relationship between exposure to mercury (Hg) and the incidence of cancer in Mato Grosso, Brazil. Hg, especially in its methylated form (MeHg), is a highly toxic heavy metal that bioaccumulates and biomagnifies in food chains, being a concern in regions with intense agricultural and industrial activity. Using samples of hair, blood and nails from cancer patients, the research aims to evaluate Hg levels and explore their relationship with the development of cancer, contributing to essential data in health policies and environmental protection. In the first article, total Hg (THg) concentrations were analyzed in cancer patients in the five mesoregions of the state, with emphasis on breast cancer, which presented the highest levels of Hg, suggesting the influence of the metal as an endocrine disruptor. Areas with greater agricultural and industrial activity showed higher Hg concentrations. The study highlights the relevance of hair and nail biomarkers for chronic monitoring of metal exposure. The second article investigates exposure to Hg in the Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal biomes of Mato Grosso. Hair proved to be the most effective bioindicator, with high levels in the Amazon and Cerrado biomes, areas of significant agricultural exploration and mining. The correlation observed between high Hg levels and breast cancer reinforces the impact of environmental contamination on public health in regions with sensitive ecosystems. This article emphasizes the need for environmental interventions to reduce Hg exposure and minimize cancer risks in these regions. In the third article, the focus is the experience of women who reconcile motherhood, academic life and personal responsibilities. Through reports, the study reflects the challenges and achievements of women, especially mothers, in the academic environment. It highlights the importance of social and institutional support networks to overcome barriers and promote equal opportunities for women in postgraduate studies. In the general conclusion, the dissertation reinforces the need for public policies for environmental monitoring and health prevention against exposure to Hg, especially for vulnerable populations. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of institutional support for women academics, underlining that an inclusive and empathetic approach is fundamental to the advancement of science and social equality.

The Serra Ricardo Franco State Park (PESRF), established in 1997, faces ongoing challenges in its consolidation as a Conservation Unit (UC). Legislative actions seeking its extinction, land insecurity, deforestation, and agricultural activities are factors that compromise its effective implementation. This study analyzes the socio-environmental conflicts in the PESRF, considering aspects of environmental justice and the influence of political and economic dynamics. Methodologically, it uses document analysis, participant observation, and geographic mapping. The results point to the need for effective public policies, land regularization, and greater investment in the park's infrastructure, ensuring its economic and environmental sustainability.

The state of Mato Grosso encompasses the Amazon, Cerrado, and Pantanal biomes, presenting a vast diversity of fish, reptile, and mammal species. However, in recent decades, biological diversity has been eroded by the intensification of anthropogenic activities that have increased since the 1980s with the expansion of agricultural frontiers promoting deforestation, especially in the upper course of the Paraguay River. Changes in land use and cover are among the forces driving habitat transformation, reduction, and loss. Ecological connectivity and environmental changes affect the quality of food resources and habitats for fish, lizards, and mammals. The anthropized environment causes species displacement, altering ecological dynamics, trophic relationships, and energy flows in ecosystems, besides directly influencing diet and mercury bioaccumulation. To understand long-term diets, we used isotopic analyses that reveal trophic position, habitat preferences, and mercury bioaccumulation patterns. It is crucial to comprehend how habitat modification and fragmentation influence mercury flow in ecosystems because landscape alterations lead to changes in diets, bioaccumulation, and mercury detoxification. The distribution and accumulation of mercury impact wildlife diversity, which faces an environment of climate change and new land uses and cover. To investigate these changes and their impacts, we utilized satellite image analyses and measurements of total mercury content and stable isotopes of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). Stable isotopes, including δ13C and δ15N, are fundamental for understanding ecological dynamics, trophic relationships, and variations in feeding patterns, offering valuable insights into the ecological niches of organisms. Understanding how mercury is absorbed and distributed through food chains is essential to interpret the impacts of anthropization and the mobilization of total mercury (THg), which presents an accumulation pattern from upstream to downstream in the upper course of the Paraguay River, with greater bioaccumulation at the Taiamã Ecological Station. These markers offer an integrated view of land use and cover, habitat foraging patterns, and bioaccumulation, enabling the tracking of mercury sources in the environment.

The study was carried out in the middle course of the Itapecuru river in the municipality of Caxias in the state of Maranhão. Aiming to verify the environmental components, morphometric parameters, forms of land use/occupation and impacts and hydromorphodynamics in the middle course of the Itapecuru river basin in the municipality of Caxias in Maranhão. The methodological procedures used to carry out the research were based on office work, field work and laboratory work. To characterize the geoenvironmental units, secondary data was used through technical manuals from the main research centers in Brazil (IBGE, Embrapa, CPRM and Inmet). The database was processed using geotechnology tools and finally data post-processing that corresponded to adequacy and standardization. The morphometric parameters were obtained through formulas and reference standards. To overlay the information, the ArcGis 10.8 software was used. To verify the evolution of morphological features along the longitudinal profile, Google Earth image mosaics from the years 2010 and 2020 and geotechnology tools were used, which allowed the quantification of the features. The aerial photographs were obtained using the Mavic Air model drone. To carry out this analysis of use and coverage, the image mosaic from MapBiomas, collection 5 of the year 2021 was used. Likewise, the production of the air suppression map natural vegetation and regeneration occurred with the acquisition of MapBiomas raster data, collection 6 from the year 2022. To identify environmental impacts on urban river channels, rapid assessment protocols and the protocol for evaluating morphological parameters in river channels were used. To obtain the hydrodynamics, some steps (office, field and laboratory activities) were necessary. Office work begins with the construction of the theoretical framework, preparation of the cartographic base and data tabulation and writing. The field work involved collecting hydrodynamic data in the middle course of the Itapecuru River, which was measured on fifteen cross-sections distributed along the longitudinal profile, during the flood and dry periods. To measure the bathymetry he used the GARMIN echo sounder, to measure the flow velocity he used the fluviometric windlass and turbidimeter to obtain the turbidity. To collect sediment, a Van Veen dredger was used. Flow rates were obtained using formulas. Photographic records were taken with a camera and an unmanned, remotely piloted aircraft (RPA) with a cell phone attached. The laboratory work consisted of checking the types of sediment transported and deposited in the river channel, with particle size analysis being carried out using the pipetting method – total dispersion to fractionate the bottom material. The results show important information about the middle course of the Itapecuru river basin in the municipality of Caxias. In relation to environmental aspects, the area is located in the climate transition zone, on the Tropical Equatorial Zone; the geological formations present in the study area are the Corda Formation, Motuca Formation and Sardinha Formation, the Alluvial Deposits and Post-Barreira Sediment Unit and the Barreiras Group and Itapecuru Group; the geomorphological units mapped are four units, with emphasis on the Caxias Patamar and the occurrence of five types of soil, with emphasis on Concretionary Pétric Plintisols. The recorded vegetation is divided into seven registered three classes of vegetation cover with a predominance of the Submontane Deciduous Forest. Regarding morphometry, the basin has 183 channels, being considered a 5th order basin. 109 first-order channels, 41 second-order channels, 28 third-order channels, 4 fourth-order channels and 1 5th-order channel were recorded. The total length of the canals was 1,004.77 km. The values recorded for the shape factor, compactness coefficient and circularity index allowed us to conclude that the drainage network has an oval shape, with a medium tendency to flood. The sinuosity index recorded was 1.29 km, indicating a tendency towards straight channels. The circularity index recorded was 116.23. The capacity coefficient was 0.56. The channel density registered 0.03 km², which indicates low capacity to generate new channels. The drainage density recorded was 0.29 km². It recorded temporal changes in morphological features in the river corridor, such as: increase or reduction in the size of features, emergence of new features and disappearance. Ten units of use and coverage were diagnosed, such as: Forest Formation (1,665.44 km²), Savanna Formation (1,254.37 km²), Forestry (1.69 km²), Countryside Formation (158.89 km²), Pasture (293, 40 km²), Urban Infrastructure (22.70 km²), Other Non-Vegetable Areas (28.60 km²), River and/or Lagoon (2.37 km²), Soy (1.28 km²) and Other Temporary Crops (0.91 km²). The mapping of temporal change in land use and cover between 1985 and 2021 revealed: an increase in pasture areas, deforestation and regeneration. The analysis of degradation in the urban perimeter channels of the City of Caxias obtained the following parameters: natural, impacts and altered according to protocol. In the first channel, it was found that points (1, 2, 4 and 5) were impacted and points (3 and 6) registered changes. In the second channel, point 1 was natural, point 2 was impacted and point 3 was altered. In the third channel, all analyzed points are impacted. In the fourth channel, point 1 was natural. In the fifth channel, it was impacted due to being channeled and rectified. Hydrodynamic data differ throughout the year. During drought, the hydrodynamic data are as follows: the section areas varied between 16.32 m² and 158.00 m²; average depths ranged from 1.10m to 3.10m; channel widths ranged from 24 m to 51 m; average flow velocities ranged from 0.242 m/s to 0.824 m/s; flow rates in the sections varied from 13.45 m³/s-¹ to 41.75 m³/s-¹ and turbidities varied between 14.00 UNT and 21.30 UNT. At flood, the section areas varied between 152.81 m² and 310.96 m²; the average depths varied between 4.13m and 6.76m; channel widths ranged from 27m to 51m; the average flow velocities varied between 1.12 m/s to 1.223 m/s, the flow rates varied between 89.69 m³/s-¹ to 287.45 m³/s-¹ and the turbidity indices varied between 30.40 UNT at 39.40 UNT. The granulometry of the sediments showed the predominance of fine sand in both periods (flood and drought). During drought, the variation of fine sand was from 93.2% to 99.15%. At flood, it varied between 65.95% and 99.7%.

The thesis aims to analyze the process of Good Living in urban riverside communities in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, in light of the concepts of traditional knowledge and local ecological knowledge. These riverside communities are located in areas that have undergone the urbanization process in Brazilian cities and experience conflicts and contradictions inherent to this process. The problem presented is: What are the main factors that interfere in Good Living among riverside communities located in urban areas in the state of Mato Grosso? How does the dialogue between the concepts of traditional knowledge, local ecological knowledge and Good Living occur? The research is based on a qualitative, descriptive, documentary and bibliographical approach supported by a systematic literature review, in the Association of Artisans of the Community of São Gonçalo Beira Rio, Cuiabá and in the Association of Professional Fishermen of Cáceres, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The research methods used were bibliometrics, field research with the application of a socioeconomic and environmental questionnaire, and semi-structured interviews with the leaders of the associations, followed by an in-depth interview with the leaders of the associations. The qualitative data were analyzed based on the application of the Good Living indicator matrix (Alcântara; Sampaio, 2019, 2020) based on content analysis by Bardin (2016). The results indicate that it is necessary to improve and implement public policies aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and that the context investigated lacks bold and transformative measures so that the associations in the communities become sustainable, guaranteeing rights, dignity, and Good Living to their members.

The species Trichilia catigua A.Juss. belongs to the Meliaceae family, with a geographical distribution in Brazil from Minas Gerais to Rio Grande do Sul and in the countries of Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. Also found in the flooded forests of the Mato Grosso Pantanal, it has medicinal, insecticidal and phytochemical importance. Research into the production of native seedlings contributes to ecological restoration processes. The aims of this research were to evaluate the emergence of seeds in different treatments to overcome dormancy and the effects of different substrates on the development of T. catigua A.Juss. seedlings for seedling production. Two experiments were carried out on seed emergence, the first with six treatments: 24 hours on black tarpaulin (T1); immersion in water for 24, 12, 9 and 0 hours (T2, T3, T4 and T6); and control (T5). The second also had six treatments: Immersion in water for 24, 12 (T1 and T2); and Control (T3), all three with aril (pulp), and Immersion in water for 24, 12 and 0 hours (T4, T5 and T6), all without aril. Percentage emergence (%E) and mean emergence time (TME) were assessed. The results indicate that treatment T2 (12 hours immersed in water), from experiment II, with the presence of aril, was the best at overcoming dormancy, as it had an emergence percentage of 99% and an average time of 54 days, so this treatment proved to be effective for the emergence of T. catigua A. Jus. seeds. Jus.  In order to understand the effects of different substrates on the development of T. catigua seedlings for seedling production, a randomized block experimental design was used, with 2 repetitions, one repetition without foliar fertilizer, and the other with 10-10-10 foliar fertilizer + Base - Fertilizantes® micronutrients, with three different types of substrates. The substrates evaluated consisted of 100% black soil (TP); 100% soil from the area where the species occurs (TO); 100% commercial substrate (CS). The variables height (H), neck diameter (CD) and number of leaves (NF) were evaluated for 120 days. Analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability were used to compare the means. There was no interaction between the substrates for the variables analyzed. The commercial substrate showed the best results for height, neck diameter and number of leaves, followed by the soil from the area where the species occurs, both substrates without foliar fertilizer.

The change in the landscape is the result of the conversion of natural areas into economic
matrices due to the high demand for food, water and fuel, driving intense environmental
transformations resulting in the loss of ecosystem services (ES). Understanding how ES works
and what the consequences of environmental changes within a river basin are fundamental to
their preservation and consequently their valuation. In this way, the objective was to analyze
the impact of environmental transformations in the SE of the Córrego Piraputanga
Hydrographic Basin (BHCP) with a focus on analyzing the flow of greenhouse gases and water
quality. In the first chapter, the impact of environmental transformations on changes in natural
landscapes was analyzed. Data was sought regarding land use and coverage, deforestation, loss
of surface water area and fires. The degree of landscape transformation was based on the degree
of daylily. It is noteworthy that BHCP has a moderate degree of hemerobic impact, a transitional
phase was observed in the landscape with a decrease in forests and water and an increase in
pastures and fires. The transition process presents trends that can affect the ecosystem's ability
to provide environmental services. The second chapter reinforces the effect of environmental
transformations on the imbalance of Greenhouse Gases (GHG). The objective was to analyze
the dynamics of CO2 flow in an ecotonal area between the Amazon, Cerrado and Pantanal,
demonstrating the contribution of different environmental compartments to CO2 emissions. The
measurement of CO2 flow involved the use of closed transparent acrylic chambers, positioned
over water and soil. The analyzes show that the substantial decrease in water in the BHCP
affects the carbon balance. The CO2 averages recorded in the water were higher compared to
exposed soil. However, temporal analysis reveals a decrease in water areas and a parallel
increase in areas of exposed soil. In this sense, it was observed that a notable inversion is
occurring in the system, where there is a decrease in water coverage and consequently an
increase in exposed soil. This inversion causes an imbalance in the flow of GHG, in this case
an increasing emission of CO2 in areas of exposed soil. In the third chapter, the objective was
to investigate the quality of the water that originates in the Cerrado and flows into the BHCP,
in the Pantanal. In this sense, collections were carried out from the source to the mouth of the
BHCP at different periods of the year. Our results indicated that the water quality of this basin
does not vary significantly between sampling points. However, the concentrations of nitrogen
and phosphorus are highlighted, which presented values above those predicted by Resolution
CONAMA/357. In short, the BHCP has good water quality for both aquatic communities and
bathing purposes, but it is necessary to continue with public policies and sustainable actions in
the region to guarantee the health of the ecosystem. Forecast analyzes further reinforce our
findings. In the future, the consequences of environmental changes will result in the loss of
water in the system. Consequently, there will be an increase in pasture areas and exposed soil,
due to burning and the accumulation of deforested areas

In Brazil, located in the Midwest region, the Pantanal, being the largest floodplain in the world, annually faces considerable degradation due to human activities, mainly due to fires and deforestation. Faced with this reality, ecological restoration emerges as an essential measure to recover these ecosystems in balance. A promising approach to assist in the mitigation of these areas is with the use of local native species, therefore, a species that is widely found and well adapted to these areas, from the Fabaceae family is the Inga vera Willd., known as Ingá-Banana, due to its abundance and adaptation to these places with seasonal flooding and play a significant role in reforestation and the recovery of degraded riparian forests. Considering the importance of restoring flooded wetlands and through harm reduction approaches, the objective of this study was to evaluate which sowing method favors the highest emergence rate, in addition to investigating the effect of the hydrological cycle on germination, emergence and survival of I. vera seedlings. The experiment was carried out in the Pantanal, in Cáceres – MT, covering different environments carried out throughout the years 2022 and 2023. The quantitative evaluations carried out included germination experiments with weekly observations over 13 to 18 weeks, as well as a flooding experiment in plots created with different levels to simulate the water cycle of the Pantanal, monitored for 07 months. The data collected allowed for static analyses, including the calculation of the average time of emergence, percentage of emergence, time of submersion and percentage of survival. We obtained satisfactory results, with no occurrence of 0% seed emergence. Direct sowing in moist soil, without long periods of submersion, proved to be more efficient, while the direct sowing method in a pit, this one with or without litter, stood out as the most effective for restoration, ensuring the safe development and growth of seedlings. In addition, areas with levels below 3.0 m in relation to the river level were identified as unsuitable for transplanting seedlings of this species, as it cannot withstand long periods of flooding.

This research addresses the importance of biodiversity conservation, with a focus on birdlife, and proposes the use of the Mato Grosso Museum of Natural History as a space for promoting environmental education. It therefore highlights the importance of birds as bioindicators of environmental balance and emphasises the Museum's potential as a place for raising environmental awareness. The research mapped the occurrence of birds in the museum area and proposed the inclusion of a sensory birdwatching trail in the museum's educational programme. The specific objectives include surveying and mapping the birds in the museum's natural area, as well as promoting the importance of natural spaces for bird conservation. The methodology involves describing the study area, which encompasses both the museum and its surroundings, and highlights the historical and cultural importance of the site, as well as its relevance as a space for the preservation of natural heritage. The dissertation proposes an approach that aims to connect visitors not only with evolutionary history, but also with contemporary biodiversity through the appreciation of local birds.

COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease caused by the etiological agent Coronavirus, leading to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). This viral agent was responsible for causing the COVID-19 pandemic. The disease has had significant impacts on society, the economy, human health, and the environment. This study aims to understand how nursing professionals perceive the pandemic (origin, spread, and felt consequences) and relate it to current socio-environmental issues of degradation and modification of non-anthropized wild habitats, as well as the human relationship with non-domesticated animals. The research was conducted in three stages, resulting in three articles. The first is a literature review aimed at finding scientific evidence on the relationship between 21st-century socio-environmental problems and the COVID-19 pandemic. The second article is an integrative review exploring current scientific discussions on deforestation and the emergence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. The third is a qualitative field study, including interviews with nursing professionals who worked on the frontlines of the COVID-19 pandemic. The dialogue aimed to understand professionals' perceptions of the health-disease and environmental relationship, as well as the COVID-19 pandemic. Results revealed that human interference through deforestation, practices of burning, and climate change has contributed to the emergence of zoonotic diseases like the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also showed that deforestation is associated with the emergence of emerging diseases such as hantavirus and re-emerging diseases like leprosy, leishmaniasis, dengue, and yellow fever, among others. Regarding nursing professionals, perceptions were disclosed that environmental conditions are linked to the population's health and disease process. Concerning the origin of the new Coronavirus, there is divergence among professionals. Some believe the virus's emergence is directly related to human interference in nature, while others think the virus was modified through laboratory activities. Regarding the impact on the health of healthcare workers, especially nursing professionals, they expressed feeling unprepared to face the disease, developing fears of contracting and transmitting it to their families, fear of death, and physical and mental exhaustion during long working hours. They also mentioned coping with physical and psychological sequelae from the disease and experiencing little support from the government on this matter.

Keywords: COVID-19, Deforestation, Land use changes, Zoonoses, Environment.

Research on the woody component is generally directed towards species with arboreal or arboreal-shrub habit as one, not differentiating them, which makes the shrub component a group that is little addressed, since some species, when developing, have some particularities, allowing them to present more than one habit. Biomass estimates for this stratum are also scarce for the same reasons mentioned above. Therefore, this work aimed to carry out a phytosociological survey and estimate the aerial biomass of the woody component at the Serra das Araras Ecological Station, Porto Estrela, Mato Grosso. For this, we used the inclusion level of diameter ≥ 3 cm of individuals with a height of 1 m to ≤ 3 m, in a total of 52 plots of 10x10m, 26 in cerrado sensu stricto and 26 in cerradão. To estimate biomass, we used equations from Rezende et al. (2006) for the cerrado sensu stricto and by Chave et al. (2014) for the cerradão. After identifying the specimens, we defined the habits of these species according to their morphological characteristics and information found in some references. We recorded a total of 889 specimens, belonging to 24 botanical families, 40 genera and 51 species, being that Anacardium humile, Guettarda pohliana, Miconia albicans, Myrcia bella, Myrcia guianensis, Miconia albicans and Siparuna guianensis they were considered shrubs in this study, the others being arboreal, or arboreal/shrub. The families that contributed with greater richness in the cerrado sensu stricto areas were Apocynaceae and Vochysiaceae and in the cerradão areas were Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae. The species that obtained the greatest abundance and highest importance value (VI) in the cerrado sensu stricto areas was Myrcia bella and for the cerradão they were Cheiloclinium cf. cognatum and Guettarda cf. pohliana. Regarding the estimate of total aerial biomass in each phytophysiognomy, we found a higher value for the cerrado sensu stricto (0.90 Mg/ha) and lower values for the cerradão (0.01 Mg/ha). The abundance of species with arboreal habits revealed their stock of seedlings for regeneration in these areas, as this component associated with shrubs is important for the community structure. Although we found, through the estimation of aerial biomass, low values for the two phytophysiognomies studied, they are essential for the community they are located in, as they directly contribute to the carbon stock of the Cerrado in a Conservation Unit.

Community structure is a fundamental concept in ecology, referring to the organization and interaction patterns among populations of different species coexisting within a given habitat. Understanding these dynamics and the associated environmental factors is essential for guiding sustainable management strategies and preserving the biological richness of the Cerrado, directly contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 15, which prioritizes the protection of terrestrial life. Lizards, reptiles of the order Squamata, are a highly diverse group, with a wide variety of species distributed globally. They possess valuable traits for ecological studies. In the Cerrado, the lizard fauna is composed of habitat specialist species. However, these reptiles face significant challenges due to habitat loss and climate change. The Cerrado is recognized for its environmental heterogeneity, which includes a diversity of factors shaping different habitats. However, this ecoregion is under constant threat, primarily due to the expansion of agriculture and livestock farming. The diversity of Cerrado habitats plays an important role in maintaining the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of lizards. While taxonomic diversity assesses species richness, composition, and abundance, functional diversity analyzes behavioral, physiological, and ecological traits. Simultaneously, phylogenetic diversity considers the evolutionary relationships between species. The combination of these approaches provides a comprehensive understanding of the interactions and ecological and evolutionary processes present in lizard communities of the Cerrado. This specific study focuses on lizard assemblies in a human-altered area of the Cerrado in the Serrana Province. Divided into two chapters, the first, "Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of lizard assemblies in different Cerrado habitats" investigates the potential variation in diversity across different vegetation types. The second chapter, "Influence of environmental factors on the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of lizard assemblies in a Cerrado area," explores how different environmental and habitat factors influence the diversity patterns of lizard assemblies.

This thesis, prepared together with the Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences, resulted from Environmental Education research, involving studies related to the conservation of Pantanal waters, during participatory action research and monitoring of projects developed by the Institute of Research and Education do Pantanal – Instituto Gaia, Cáceres, Mato Grosso. The study is structured into three chapters: 1- Dialogues for the Construction of a Pact for the Restoration of the Pantanal; 2 - Experiences in the Recovery of Springs in the Hydrographic Basins of the Jauru and Cabaçal Rivers and the Challenges for the Conservation of the Pantanal and 3 - Environmental Education as a Tool in the Awareness Raising Process for the Conservation of the Pantanal, which aims to 1 - identify the actors social groups involved in Pantanal restoration and conservation processes; 2 - Learn about the experiences of recovering springs in the Pantanal, located in the Alto Paraguai Basin, Mato Grosso; 3 - Propose Environmental Education activities that contribute to carrying out awareness-raising activities for the conservation of the Pantanal. The methodologies used are of a qualitative nature, using as data collection instruments interviews, lives, minutes and newspaper reports that deal with experiences that occurred in the Pantanal, in the Upper Paraguay Basin. As results, the work presents the stakeholders and institutions involved in the Pantanal conservation process, dialogues for the construction of a Pact for the Restoration of the Pantanal, experiences in recovering springs and a proposal for an Environmental Education activity.

Environmental, animal and human health have been threatened by global environmental changes, which have intensified through population growth and current development models. There are uncertainties about the levels of impact of these changes on the environment and production systems and their consequences for animal welfare and public health, especially on the agricultural frontier that advances into the Amazon. The Amazon has undergone profound changes in land use since the 1970s with artisanal gold mining, the conversion of millions of hectares of forests into pasture, and more recently a rapid process of intensification of land use through agriculture and livestock. Therefore, the investigation of the transfer of trace elements from the environment to animals and food is preponderant to assess environmental health and provide strategies to guide towards sustainability in the short, medium or long term. In addition, taking into account that beef cattle occupy a large part of the land in the Amazon, they can also serve as bioindicators of possible environmental contamination, for example in relation to the proximity of farms with artisanal gold mining. In view of this, this research investigates the levels of trace elements in soils in preserved areas of the State of Mato Grosso and in beef cattle farms in the southern Amazon to evaluate the possible relationship between the environment and cattle breeding with the levels of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Co, Mo, Se, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, As and Hg. Soil, forage, mineral supplement, protein supplement and bovine blood samples were obtained from the farms. Bovine muscle, liver and kidney samples were obtained from the market in this region. The results are organized into six articles. The first article is a literature review of the last two decades and analyzes the scientific advances resulting from research related to trace elements in beef cattle, seeking to understand how these researches interact with human and environmental health. The second article proposes an approximation for establishing reference values of trace elements for soils in Mato Grosso based on analyzes of soil samples from preserved areas in the main regions of the State. The third article compares soil fertility and carbon stocks in pastures and native forests on eight farms in southern Amazonia and discusses strategies for the sustainability of these pastures. The fourth article discusses the relationship between levels of trace elements in soil and forage. The fifth article presents the levels of trace elements in feed and blood of beef cattle to assess the animal nutritional status and management of these herds. The sixth article presents the levels of trace elements in bovine meat, liver and kidney obtained in the market.

The environmental crisis represents a significant challenge for representative democracy, especially with regard to conflict resolution in socio-biodiverse areas such as the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, where the way in which environmental assets are appropriated and managed generates clashes between different actors and social groups. In this framework, sustainability emerges as a proposal — still under construction and with various dimensions — aimed at overcoming the causes and/or mitigating the effects of the environmental crisis, including in relation to democratic participation in the management of common environmental goods. This thesis has the general objective of analyzing the institutional structure and legal regime of the Pantanal Biosphere Reserve in order to verify its contribution to the achievement of sustainable management, with an emphasis on the environmental governance of the Pantanal Mato Grosso. It was found that the Pantanal Biosphere Reserve embodies a valuable institutional arrangement that, despite some limitations (mainly associated with the composition of management bodies and the financing of programs foreseen in the Action Plan), has significant potential, including facilitation interinstitutional dialogue, the possibility of public and private financing, social and political mobilization around environmental and sociocultural issues, as well as encouraging the creation of Sustainable Development Reserves and Extractive Reserves and the strengthening of indigenous lands and quilombola communities. Thus, the Pantanal Biosphere Reserve offers real opportunities for achieving sustainable management of the Mato Grosso Pantanal, encouraging the promotion of environmental preservation, economic development and social participation.

The Brazilian Legal Amazon faces an intense deforestation process, exacerbated by the context of climate change and weaknesses in environmental enforcement agencies, resulting in increased frequency and intensity of forest fires. These fires emit pollutants and raise temperatures, posing a significant threat to human health. This thesis is presented in two manuscripts, aiming to analyze health indicators defined by morbidity and mortality, as well as the impacts of exposure to air pollution on morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular and respiratory diseases over the past two decades (2010–2021). The first manuscript provides an analysis of health status using morbidity and mortality indicators, comparing intra- and interstate regions within Brazil. Temporal and spatial analyses were conducted, identifying clusters from 2010 to 2021. Diseases of the circulatory system stood out as the leading cause of death, accounting for 23% of all deaths. Additionally, 52.6% of infant deaths occurred during the early neonatal period, with infant mortality rates above the national average. Maternal mortality ratios were also high between 2010 and 2021. Rates of diseases such as Chagas disease, AIDS, leprosy, American cutaneous leishmaniasis, and tuberculosis remained above the national average. Locations at the extremes of the Legal Amazon, such as São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Vale do Acre, southern Mato Grosso, and capitals like Belém and São Luís, are identified as high-risk areas for the analyzed outcomes. The second manuscript estimated the impact on mortality and hospitalizations from respiratory and circulatory diseases due to exposure to fine particulate matter among residents of the Legal Amazon and surrounding areas. Short-term exposure to fine particulate matter was associated with a total of 15,622 (3%) deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 8,042 (3.8%) deaths from respiratory diseases, as well as 23,439 (1.3%) hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases and 108,868 (3.9%) hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. The sub-region with the highest PM2.5 concentration was the Deforestation Arc, with the capital Porto Velho-RO recording the highest daily average exposures. Given the challenges revealed by the study's findings, it is concluded that prioritizing adaptation measures and specific public health interventions is essential to mitigate the adverse effects of exposure to fine particulate matter and its impact on morbidity and mortality in the region. These results provide valuable insights to support the formulation of policies and public strategies aimed at mitigating and adapting to climate change, particularly in the health sector.

The Amazon biome plays an important planetary benefit in maintaining socio-ecological balance and human and animal health. However, the predatory economic model, driven by development policies in the Amazon, has resulted in changes in land use, socio-environmental degradation and increased socioeconomic inequalities. This compromises the ecosystem's ability to provide its ecosystem services, affecting environmental health and, consequently, human health. Located in the Southern Amazon, in the arc of deforestation, the municipality of Juína is known as a hub in the Northwest planning region of the state of Mato Grosso (MT).  In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the temporal evolution of changes in the use and coverage of land in Juína, and to evaluate the impacts on the health and quality of life of populations residing in the municipality. The results are structured into three manuscripts. The first article is a scientometric mapping of national and international scientific studies that address the influence of vegetation on human health, relating the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with health outcomes. The second manuscript aimed to carry out a temporal analysis (1985 – 2021) of land use and coverage in the municipality of Juína – MT, and the assessment of impacts on water ecosystem services and climate, and their impacts on health and quality of life of the resident populations. Finally, the third manuscript used a participatory qualitative approach to explore the health and environmental trajectories of the municipality of Juína from the perspective of health professionals, with the aim of evaluating the influence of changes in land use and cover on human health. , as well as the perception of social actors about these changes. The results demonstrated that since its occupation process, the municipality of Juína has been altered by strong economic pressures, which resulted in forest loss of 16%, while all anthropic uses showed a significant increasing trend, with emphasis on pasture areas. , which occupy 15% of the total area of the municipality. Changes were observed in the ecosystem services of water provision and regulation and in the climate. These changes impact socio-ecological systems, with impacts on human health and quality of life. The evidence presented here reinforces the need to implement public policies that integrate ecosystem health and human health, aiming to protect biodiversity, strengthen ecosystem services and promote the well-being of populations.

The history of the modernization of agriculture and the industrialization of seeds had repercussions in Brazil, especially in the traditional agricultural production system, the most evident changes were the activities of small producers in peasant agriculture and indigenous people, with regard to their traditional practices, specifically in the production of Creole seeds, food sovereignty and Good Living. The period is marked by the privilege of export-oriented monoculture. In this context, the research problem arises: What are the challenges and opportunities encountered by peasant farmers in the production of Creole seeds and traditional knowledge from the perspective of Good Living? Thus, the general objective of the research is highlighted in the purpose of promoting food sovereignty and Good Living as tools for maintaining traditional knowledge: Analyze the challenges and opportunities of the Silvio Rodrigues and Roseli Nunes communities in the production of Criollo seeds. The research was carried out with peasants from the Silvio Rodrigues and Roseli Nunes settlements, following all ethical procedures with approval from the CEP/UNEMAT ethics and research committee, under the CAAE protocol: (61989922.2.0000.5166). Methodologically, the research developed a qualitative approach, initially with the “Snowball” or Snowball methodology, which made it possible to compose the research subjects into fourteen (14) peasants from the Roseli Nunes and Silvio Rodrigues settlements for the semi-structured interview. , the research continues with a bibliographic nature with a bibliometric, descriptive/exploratory method, and documentary analysis. As data collection instruments, documentary analysis, interviews with semi-structured questionnaires and observation were chosen. The analysis of the interviews was supported by the content analysis proposed by Bardin (1977), with the help of the ATLAS.ti software, applied to the Bem Viver, Alcântara and Sampaio (2019, 2020) indicator matrix. To achieve the proposed objectives, the thesis was organized in Manuscript I, which aimed to analyze the socio-environmental aspects of peasant agriculture in the context of Food sovereignty. The results point to major challenges faced by peasants in the face of modernization in the countryside, related to socio-environmental issues, however this subject is under global debate; the importance of the peasant agriculture model for local agrobiodiversity was also shown; detected faults in the land distribution system; all of these factors seriously impact socio-environmental issues and food sovereignty; Manuscript II aimed to analyze the relationship between generational knowledge and the practice of cultivating creole seeds from the perspective of Good Living Well. The results indicate an intrinsic relationship between the production of creole seeds and the generational knowledge of peasants, and possible links between this practice to Good Living indicators. The importance of this articulation with Good Living is demonstrated; the research also revealed a lack of studies and research that address both topics in a correlated way; Manuscript III, sought to investigate the possibilities and challenges in the management of Creole seeds linked to socio-environmental issues and Bem Viver, in the practices of peasant agriculture, in the Sílvio Rodrigues and Roseli Nunes Settlements, located in the municipality of Mirassol D’ Oeste- MT.

The study of greenhouse gases, in particular CO2, in inland waters has been fundamental to sum up the contribution of these environments in the global carbon balance. In this regard, urban waters composed of rivers or streams have served as potential points of emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, this work aimed to analyze the impact of urban streams on CO2 emission by diffusive flow at the water-atmosphere interface. In the first chapter, research was carried out in four urban streams/channels, which flow into one of the main rivers of the Pantanal (Paraguay River). For this, we used a floating chamber on aquatic macrophytes and in an open water, considering the flow (emission and/or absorption of CO2). The collections were carried out in the wet season (February) and dry season (September) in the Pantanal. During the rainy season, the streams had between 5 and 40% of vegetation cover, while in the dry season it was 80 to 100%. The rainy season presented an emission about twice as high as in the dry season (5,180.64 ± 8,196.20 mg m-2 day-1 and 2,654.92 ± 7,190.64 mg m-2 day-1, respectively). Only in one of the analyzed streams, it was not possible to find absorption of CO2 by macrophytes, while the other three showed absorption by these plants. In the second chapter, the temporal dynamics of CO2 emission by diffusion flow at the water-atmosphere interface in an urban stream in the municipality of Cáceres, MT, Brazil, was studied, considering emissions in the open bed and on aquatic macrophytes over a period of time. 24-hour cycle, for nine months (October 2021 to June 2022). The chamber was used in open water and on macrophytes of the genus Pontederia sp. It was observed that the macrophytes showed absorption and/or emission of CO2, while the open bed showed only CO2 emission throughout the 24-hour cycle. The CO2 flux variation can change, depending on the observed time or the period of the year. The times of 9:00 am and 12:00 pm showed the highest peaks of CO2 absorption by macrophytes and the times of 6:00 pm and midnight showed the highest peaks of CO2 emission. Streams and/or urban channels are extremely neglected environments. We suggest that public policies are objective and practical for the resumption of these environments as important spaces for society, as well as for the reduction of the impacts of these environments in the contribution of greenhouse gases.

Habitat loss and fragmentation are one of major threats of biodiversity leading both to the local extinction of species once well adapted to the original landscape and to the increase or even colonization of the habitat by other species, generally generalists. The fragmentation of natural habitats has led to the formation of landscapes that are increasingly incapable of maintaining the biodiversity of ecosystems, since the size of the fragments has decreased and the degree of isolation between them has increased, as well as the matrix permeability changes to the flow of organisms between fragments that will have significant effects on the community structure.
Given the urgency for a rational occupation of the landscape towards the environmental conservation and consequent maintenance of the quality of life, a more precise knowledge about habitat fragmentation and the urbanization background matrix is necessary .
Currently, the ISC is in the process of natural forest regeneration, showing recovery of 68.27% of the native vegetation -Atlantic Forest- in a secondary successional stage. Despite the importance of this process, it is known that their depleted habitats may have lost many important faunal elements for the maintenance of ecological interactions. However, the fraying of the urban fabric on the legally protected areas (PAs) of this territory is continuously observed. This contemporary process of production of urban space, allowed through legal instruments, has been causing a strong deterioration in the quality of life as a result of the degradation of the original habitats that are now inserted in this anthropized environment, and compromising ecological integrity.

The Cerrado has a high diversity of vegetation types, consisting of different compositions and structures of the arboreal layer and this becomes even more complex in adjacent areas of other biomes such as the Amazon and the Pantanal. The Serra das Araras Ecological Station (EESA) is located in the Cerrado, 20 km from the geographical limit of the Amazon and 25 km from the Pantanal. In order to analyze the components of composition, structure and dynamics of the tree layer and the frequency and intensity of lianas in different types of vegetation in the five-year period at EESA, field surveys were carried out in three permanent plots of one hectare (100x100m ) in the years 2016 and 2021. These permanent plots are part of the projects linked to the PELD (PELD III and IV), with data available on ForestPlots.net and are coded as ESA-01, ESA-04 and ESA-08, allocated in areas defined by the EESA Management Plan as cerradão, cerrado stricto sensu and wooded cerrado, respectively. Census data for 2016 were provided by ForestPlot.net and for the 2021 census a survey was carried out in October 2021 following the RAINFOR methodology. It was adopted as an inclusion criterion for tree individuals from ESA-01 with DAS ≥ 10 cm (diameter at 1.30 m from the ground) in the 2016 measurement and ESA-04 and ESA-08 with DAS ≥ 5 cm. This level of inclusion of specimens was also adopted for measurements from 2021 onwards in ESA-01. Diameter and height measurements were taken using a ZIMMER standardized diametric tape (5m) and a STANLEY TLM 165 laser measuring tape (50m), respectively. All plots are georeferenced. In the analysis of the results, the sampling effort curve, richness, ecological groups and Shannon-Weaver Diversity (H'), Simpson (D) and Pielou Equability indexes were considered for the composition. For the structure, Basal Area (AB), Relative Density (DR), Relative Dominance (DoR), Relative Frequency (FR), Coverage Value (CV) and Importance Value (VI) were analyzed. For the analysis of the dynamics, the descriptors adopted were: Average annual mortality rate (M) and recruitment (R), Half-life time (T1/2), duplication (T2) and replacement (Rep) and Gain rate in basal area (G) and loss in basal area (P). To analyze the intensity of lianas, a survey was carried out visually, categorizing 0 (no presence), 1 (lianas occupy up to 25% of the canopy), 2 (up to 50% of the canopy), 3 (up to 75% of the canopy) and 4 (100% of the canopy), following the RAINFOR methodology. The results produced for ESA-01 point to the gain of new tree individuals and biomass and that the forest is in a regeneration stage. The results regarding the ecological group show us that Pioneira had less expressive gain in abundance, being 11% of its previous population (26) when compared to Secondary Initial and Secondary Late with gains of 34 and 37% equivalent to the gain of 67 and 25 individuals from its previous population. In terms of richness, pioneers had 19 species in 2016 and 22 species in 2021, SI had 27 and later 31, while ST had 20 and later 24 species. This is also verified by comparing the analyzes of the 2016 and 2021 censuses regarding: reduction of the VI of the pioneer species Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng from 80.95 to 70,47 and the expressive increase of VI in other arboreal individuals such as the initial secondary species Cupania castaneafolia Mart. from 7.19 to 12,72. As for VI, Pioneers had 47,01% of the total and decreased to 42,68%, SI added up to 31,41% and increased to 32,87% of the total and Late Secondary added up to 13,86% and increased to 16,53% of the VI total when compared between 2016 and 2021. The increase in richness from 86 to 97 species, the total abundance from 523 to 615, the higher recruitment rate (4,01 %.) of the that of mortality (1,14 %.) and IPA (2,32 Mg.) indicate that this forest is in a process of increasing its individuals and biomass. The intensity of lianas in ESA-01 was less expressive in 2021 than in 2016. For the analyzes of ESA-04 and ESA-08, the same procedures were adopted and the same descriptors used in ESA-01 were used, but with the objective to carry out a comparison between the two plots, since they are phytophysiognomies of savanna formation with different characteristics and how the load of lianas has been shown in relation to these phytophysiognomies in this arboreal formation. The analyzes of plots ESA-04 and ESA-08 are in production, with the expected results showing that there are differences between the composition, structure and dynamics of the arboreal platform in these areas, combined with the advancement of species characteristic of the Amazon and the influence of lianas in these different vegetations.

Intestinal parasites from the helminth and protozoan groups are considered a seriouspublic health problem in the world, especially in developing countries thathave precarious sanitary conditions. In Brazil, diseases caused byEnteroparasitic diseases are considered endemic and present in all regions,mainly in rural areas and peripheral urban centers that presentprecariousness in basic sanitation. Blastocystis sp is a unicellular protozoan morefrequent findings in analyzes of fecal samples from humans and animals throughout the world.world, its transmission mechanism is considered to be the fecal-oral route, its majorfrequency in humans is associated with key factors such as hygiene and sanitationbasics, drinking water among others in different vulnerable populations. the communitiesquilombolas are populations that present social vulnerabilities, mainly in thewith regard to basic sanitation, which contributes to the emergence of severaldiseases including intestinal parasites. The objective of this work was to analyze theprevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors in residentsquilombolas do Chumbo, Poconé-MT/Brazil. A descriptive study was carried out with 114people. The analyzes of the fecal samples were used the Hoffman technique. To thedescriptive analysis was performed absolute frequency and percentage for variablescategorical and measures of central tendency and dispersion for quantitative variables, wasPrevalence calculation was performed. In the analysis of proportion, Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used. For association analysis, abinary logistic regression test and multicollinearity test. The prevalence ofenteroparasites was 75%, with the species with the highest prevalence being Blastocystis sp.Regarding the helminths Strongyloides stercorales represented 100% of those infected.To analyze the association, risk factors were observed, who has a petpet at home (OR: 4.958; CI: 1.100-22.351; p=0.037), washing hands sometimes beforecooking (OR; 5.939; CI: 0.941-37.46; p=0.05) and the largest number of roomsper household (OR: 1.667; CI: 1.058-2.627; p=0.02), were more likely to haveintestinal parasites. Protective factors, consuming mineral water (OR 0.084; CI: 0.019 –0.366; p<0.001) and the smaller the number of residents per household presents a chance. smaller in having parasites (OR: 0.641; CI: 0.433-0.950; p=0.027).showed a high prevalence of intestinal parasites, with Blastocystis being the most frequent.Emphasizes the need for investment in basic sanitation and healthy habits ofhygiene against enteroparasitic infections.

The Pantanal is one of the largest wetlands in the world, characterized by a rich diversity of fauna and flora and a pedodiversity resulting from hydromorphic pedogenetic processes, directly influenced by the cycle of seasonal flooding and poor drainage. In this context, soil fertility in the region is affected by the contribution of sediments brought by water, litter deposition, and forest fires, among other factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil fertility in floodplains in the Pantanal Norte Matogrossense. For this, six islands located in the ecological corridor of the Paraguay River in areas of PELD site, from Cáceres to the vicinity of the Taiamã Ecological Station, were selected between October and November 2021. Composite soil samples were collected from five points on each island of a demarcated area of 1 hectare, at depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm using a Dutch auger. After drying and sifting through a 2 mm mesh, granulometric analysis, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, pHH2O, potential acidity (H+Al) and organic carbon (CO) were performed following routine methodologies for soil fertility assessment Base saturation and Al3+ percentages were calculated from the analytical results. According to statistical analyses, no significant differences were found for the variables pH_H2O, potential acidity, potassium, phosphorus, base saturation, magnesium, calcium and potassium and organic carbon (CO), except for the fact that CO presented lower levels in the depth of 20-40cm. The pH_H2O showed values ranging from 5.0 to 5.3, a value considered as average acidity. The soils of the islands showed different classes of textures, including clayey-silty loam, clayey loam and clay. In general, these soils showed good fertility, as indicated by the grades analyzed. Despite being acidic, from an agronomic point of view, there seems to be no significant negative impact on the local vegetation, indicating that it is adapted to these conditions.

The modernization of industrial processes has brought numerous contributions to the way in which production takes place (processes and quantities), as well as the way in which people consume. If, on the one hand, it optimizes production methods, reaching more and more markets, on the other hand, it increases the amount of discarded material, that is, waste, mainly solid. That said, methods that could contribute to better disposal and care of this waste were developed, including selective collection. It can be said that selective collection is a very important tool for materials to be assigned to suitable spaces and undergo appropriate recycling processes. It is imperative to point out that the professionals who work directly in the collection process, the collectors, are of fundamental importance for the activities to be carried out properly. In view of the above, the present research has the general objective of analyzing the integrated management of solid waste that involves selective collection operated by collectors of recyclable materials within the scope of the Intermunicipal Consortium for Economic, Social, Environmental and Tourist Development of the Nascentes do Pantanal Complex ( CIDESATCNP). To achieve the proposed objective, the research was divided into four articles. The first article carried out bibliometrics to understand how the construct of selective collection has been treated in academic production. The results show that scientific production presents discussions related to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) presented in the UN 2030 Agenda, with emphasis on SDG 3 (good health and well-being), 10 (reduction of inequalities), 11 (cities and sustainable communities) and 12 (responsible consumption and production). In the second article, an attempt was made to present an overview of the Consortium's performance. The results showed that there is a need for improvement in terms of environmental education processes, especially in the implementation of critical environmental education, accompanied by the implementation of incubation processes and better development of social technology in the consortium members. Articles 3 and 4 are still under construction, and it is not possible to present any previous results.

The Amazon Rainforest is of fundamental importance to life on Earth, as it is home to the world's greatest biodiversity and has an influence on hydrological cycles and climate on a global scale. In Brazil, the Amazon Forest occupies 59% of the national territory, covering seven states in the Northern Region (Amazonas, Pará, Amapá, Roraima, Rondônia, Acre and Tocantins) and part of two states, one in the Center-West region (Mato Grosso) and the other in the Northeast region (Maranhão), considered as a whole, the Legal Amazon. The process of occupying the Amazon Rainforest has been accentuated since the 1970s, and its appropriation is based on agricultural production, mainly of commodities, which has increased the rate of deforestation in this biome and consequently affected the rainfall regime, soil quality, biodiversity and people's life strategies. Mato Grosso originally had its territorial extension (903,208 km2) covered by the Amazon Rainforest (53.6%), the Cerrado (39.6%) and the Pantanal (6.79%), which have been suffering from deforestation for conversion into agricultural systems. These farming systems are in large-scale areas, while small properties have their economy based on family farming. These systems adopt conventional forms of land use, which have caused alterations and even degradation. The Agroforestry System has (re)emerged as a strategy for combining agricultural production and environmental conservation, which has brought good results for environmental restoration and sustainable production, especially for family farming. The aim of this research was to study two agroforestry systems in Alta Floresta/MT, one aimed at restoring a Permanent Preservation Area and producing food, and the other at sustaining native sacred plants and those used for ritualistic purposes in the Amazon rainforest. The research was based on an inventory of the plant species present in the two systems, which had uses for consumption and environmental benefits. The dissertation is structured in a general introduction and two chapters, containing an introduction, materials and methods and results, and final considerations. The first chapter looked at the use of Agroforestry Systems as a tool for restoring Permanent Preservation Areas on family farms. The second chapter investigated an agroforestry system to guarantee environmental conditions for the maintenance of the Mariri liana (Banisteriopsis caapi (Spruce ex Griseb.) C. V. Morton) for ritualistic use at the Beneficent Spiritist Center União do Vegetal.

Due to the extensive areas with native forests, Brazil is a country that stands out in timber production, thus generating income and employment. However, transforming forest into wood requires a series of processes that range from exploration and transport to industrial processing and distribution. In the processing phase, the wood industries face some problems, in which the difficulty of storing logs received from the forest and the generation of waste and its reuse or recycling stand out. However, most entrepreneurs know a technique popularly called "log burial" which consists of burying the logs under sawdust (wood waste), storing and preserving them for a long period, however the use of the technique is not allowed by Organs competent bodies. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to scientifically verify the efficiency of the "log burial" technique and for this the work was divided into three chapters, as follows: Chapter I - Stakeholder analysis of the timber forest sector in northwestern Mato Grosso: an insight into industrial solid waste; Chapter II – Use of industrial sawmill waste as a preservative for native wood logs from the Amazon forest; Chapter III – Characterization of the environment provided by the sawdust: Microclimate and soil.

Ecological dynamics of aquatic macrophytes in five macrohabitats of the Ramsar Site Taiamã Ecological Station, Pantanal, Biosphere Reserve.

The present research has the general objective of mapping and analyzing the research in EE and its respective trends produced in the graduate programs (PPG) in the area of environmental, interdisciplinary and environmental and agrarian sciences of CAPES. a state-of-the-art research. The first step is to identify the PPGs, which was done through the Sucupira platform, while searches for research reports were carried out in the Bank of Theses and Brazilian Dissertations in Environmental Education (BT&D/EA) of the EArte Project, by the Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (BDTD), by the CAPES Catalog of Theses and Dissertations and finally, a search was made on the websites of each program, in order to refine the searches. A total of 3,077 works were found, of which 93 searches were discarded because neither the complete work nor the abstract was found, resulting in 2,984 documents. After reading the abstracts, 171 works were also removed from the investigation because they were not research in EE, so the documentary corpus consisted of 2,813 researches, 2,387 in the area of Environmental Sciences/Environmental Sciences, 393 in the area of Environment and Agrarian/Interdisciplinary and finally 33 in the Interdisciplinary/Interdisciplinary area. In the three areas investigated there was a predominance of master's dissertations (academic and professional) in relation to doctoral theses, public institutions lead the production. In relation to the regions, in the Environmental Sciences/Environmental Sciences area, the Northeast leads the production, the Southeast region leads the production of the Environment and Agrarian/Interdisciplinary area and, finally, the Interdisciplinary/Interdisciplinary area has more works in the North region. There was a predominance in the three areas of the non-school educational context, whereas in the school context, many works did not specify the levels of education in which the research was carried out. Regarding the study themes, in the three areas the theme "Conceptions, Representations, Perceptions and Cognitive Processes of Learners in EA" showed more expressiveness in the researches, the relationship between gender and authorship remains the same in the three areas as well, with women in leadership. In relation to environmental themes, there was a diversification between the areas, in Environmental Sciences/Environmental Sciences the themes “water”, “waste, garbage and recycling” and “sustainability” were the most expressive in the works analyzed. In the Environment and Agrarian/Interdisciplinary area, the themes "sustainability", "agroecology and agroforestry" and "waste, garbage and recycling" were the most expressive. Finally, the Interdisciplinary/Interdisciplinary area presented "agroecology and agroforestry", "sustainability" and "environmental degradation and recovery" as the themes present in most of the researches. Regarding the time span, the oldest research in the area of Environmental Sciences/Environmental Sciences is dated from the year 1997, in the Interdisciplinary/Interdisciplinary area it is from 1994 and in the Environment and Agrarian/Interdisciplinary area it is 1999. With the exception of the Interdisciplinary/Interdisciplinary area, the other areas showed a linear growth in production and a drop from 2020, which can be explained by the Covid-19 pandemic. In general, it is possible to see an inequality in the subjects of studies and in the environmental subjects, as well as in the school educational context with a significant number without specifying the level of education (generic approach) evidencing a fragility in the researches.

Bees are the main biotic pollinators of natural and artificial environments. The diversity of Brazilian native bees neglected as possible pollinators of agricultural crops is 88.4%. The processes of replacement of landscapes for urbanization and agricultural activities have promoted the reduction of resources necessary for the survival of bees, mainly the reduction of food sources and places for nesting. Agricultural systems in Brazil are monocultural, and these require the use of pesticides, which can cause a reduction in bee populations. Global climate change also affects the living conditions of bees. Among them, the effect of global warming can be highlighted, which has raised the temperature in some regions of Brazil to conditions above thermal comfort, and as an aggravating factor, some pesticides are associated with changes in the thermoregulation capacity of bees. Measures must be taken to reduce deforestation associated with environmental recovery, as well as the adoption of agricultural practices and an urban way of life that minimize environmental damage. In chapter 1, entitled “Bees and Agrochemicals: A risk scenario”, it evaluates the sales volume of pesticides in Brazil, the evolution of the commercialized quantity, as well as the release of new products over the years. Subsequently, based on this set of information, and through a bibliographic review, we sought to understand the dynamics of using these products and verify which of them are harmful to bees and/or which may be related to the reduction of these communities. In chapter 2, entitled “What is known about the bee fauna in Mato Grosso? The state with the largest agricultural production in Brazil”, we carried out a systematic bibliographical review of scientific articles published from 1945 to July 2020, dealing with the topic of current knowledge about the diversity of bees in the state of Mato Grosso. In chapter 3, entitled “Afforestation and populous swarms ensure thermoregulation inside the Apis mellifera nest”, the objective was to identify the ideal place inside the hive to measure the temperature, and to assess whether the internal temperature of the hive is affected by the size of the bee population, and also verify if in the southwest region of the State of Mato Grosso the management of keeping the hives under a wooded environment in the summer or in full sun in the winter guarantees the thermal homeostasis. In chapter 4, entitled “Pollinators visit the sunflower throughout flowering, increasing productivity and making the seeds uniform”, the objective was to verify the effect of biotic pollination in the culture of the sunflower cultivar SYN 039A, associated or not with organic fertilization and, furthermore, , determine in which flowering period and at what time of day there is a greater abundance of floral visitors.

The changes in terrestrial ecosystems where the reservoirs and vectors of infectious diseases live pose a great challenge for the scientific field, which is to know, analyze and propose solutions for emerging and reemerging diseases. From this perspective, research has pointed to the importance of studies focusing on the ecology of diseases approaching the natural reservoirs of parasites as a means of understanding the cycle of disease transmission, the parasite-host relationships, and the mechanisms of their control. In this context, scientists have sought to understand the interactions between Trypanosoma parasites and mammals as the main taxa that acts as a natural reservoir of these protozoa. This understanding is essential to better understand the cycle of these parasites in nature and to establish mechanisms for the control of trypanosomiasis, such as Chagas disease, which mainly affects countries in South America. Thus, to gather information on mammalian reservoirs of Trypanosoma and their respective ecological occurrences, this study sought to compile data from the main publications on the subject from 2010 to 2020. 446 articles indexed in the Web of Science and Scopus from which a bibliometric analysis was carried out as well as a database that allowed a meta-analysis pointing out the main Trypanosoma harbored in mammals around the world, as well as the main taxa of mammals harboring these parasites. Finally, a point analysis was performed with mammals captured in the northern portion of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, verifying the occurrence of T. cruzi in small mammals through tissue analysis using the qPCR (Polymerase chain reaction) technique. The main research on the topic of mammals as Trypanosoma reservoirs is concentrated in South America and was carried out with the participation of Brazilian researchers from Fiocruz, with emphasis on the leadership of researcher Ana Maria Jansen. Regarding the diversity of Trypanosoma harbored in mammals, 15 species were recorded in the 97 articles analyzed, distributed in five continents, with emphasis on the occurrence of T. cruzi, present in 85.13% of mammals positive for some Trypanosoma. The dataset of the articles reviewed resulted in 22,662 individuals belonging to 366 species in 12 mammalian orders. Of this total, 23.59% of the individuals were carriers of some Trypanosoma and 20.09% of T. cruzi, exclusively in the American continent. The large number of publications on the subject reveals the importance given to the studies of Trypanosoma reservoirs, especially in American countries where Chagas disease affects many people. The advancement of research has shown that mammals play a fundamental role in the biological cycle of several species of Trypanosoma and that the diversity of species of mammals that are potential reservoirs of these parasites is quite wide. Small mammals represent important reservoirs and their diversity for Brazil is 263 species of Rodentia and 68 of Didelphimorphia. For the North Pantanal, 42 species of Rodentia and 24 of Didelphimorphia are known, from which we obtained tissue samples of eight and 10 species respectively.

The tourism sector was significantly impacted in the most serious periods of the Covid-19 pandemic. Not differently, tourism in the Pantanal was also aggravated by the environmental crisis with fires in the dry periods that coincide with the local high season. The thesis "Tourism and the Pantanal of Mato Grosso with its economic, social and environmental relations" has the general objective of analyzing the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of tourism in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso. As a result of this subject, examine whether the tourist inns in the town Poconé, in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, present elements of transience in relation to the characteristics of business organizations, towards hybrid organizations that can combine elements of logic established in their practices for a new organizational form, and what is the relationship of this with the theories of eco-socioeconomics. For systematization purposes, the thesis was organized into four scientific papers, each one with its specific methodology. The first one, entitled "Tourism and the Pantanal: relations with the objectives of sustainable development", addresses the relations between tourism and the Pantanal, relating them to the objectives of sustainable development, and it aims to carry out a systematic review of the literature on tourism in the Pantanal biome, with a time frame between the year 2000 and the year 2021, adding the most important themes and making an interface with the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the three dimensions of sustainable development: economic, social and environmental. Data were collected from the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel journals. The 56 surveys’ abstracts were analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software. The result shows that the Pantanal and tourism have interfaces with the SDGs, partially enabling the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of the SDGs. However, the Pantanal biome needs first investment and public policies aimed at defending its people and its biodiversity. The second one, entitled “Socioeconomic impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic and fires on tourism in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso”, aims to analyze the socioeconomic impacts that occurred in the lives of the social actors of tourism in the town Poconé – MT, especially in rural inns. The methodology adopted was document analysis, secondary data, and semi-structured interviews with the owners of rural inns. The pandemic and fires in 2020 contributed to the closure of companies, layoffs of people and consequent reductions in tax collection. In 2021, in parallel with the start of vaccination and the reduction in deaths, the sector's economic data showed a positive recovery trend in the socioeconomic aspects of the region, town and inns. The third one, entitled “Paradigms and Transitions: from the Middle Ages to the Contemporary, Eco-socioeconomics and Ecological Economics”, aims to present a timeline, from the Middle Ages to the Contemporary, highlighting theories of human thought and Science, based on aspects economic, social, and environmental, which show elements of transience until the postulation of post-developmentalist theories, under the name of eco-socioeconomics. The state of the art was surveyed, based on the reading of reference books and scientific papers. It is evident the influence of the capitalist system in the human historical process and that permeates until our days. However, dimensions of the so-called eco-socioeconomics, with a component of ecological economics, are present, which can characterize an anti-positivist epistemological transience that prioritizes transdisciplinary aspects and appreciation of socio-environmental issues, constituting alternatives to the rationalities of the prevailing hegemonic economic system. Finally, the fourth one, entitled “Tourism in inns in the Pantanal: experiences of transience for hybrid organizations and eco-socioeconomics?” aims to analyze elements that identify socio-environmental transience in tourist inns in the town Poconé in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso. As a methodology, a bibliographical review was used in the theories of the themes and documentary research for data collection. Semi-structured questionnaire with the owners of the inns for the perception and facts of the actions aimed at the trinomial, economic, social, and environmental. The results point to companies organized in models compatible with economic rationality; however, in some aspects – notably the environmental one – they present characteristics of transience that are close to eco-socioeconomics for hybrid organizations. Organizations in local tourism activities are still guided by economic rationality; but they leave evidence of changes in actions, which, in consortium with environmental protection, informally generate combinations of hybrid organizations, which can be called transience for models of eco-socioeconomics.

: Dengue is a viral disease whose causative agent is a virus transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, which uses water, not necessarily clean, to reproduce. This disease has become a serious public health problem, due to the difficulty in controlling the spread of this vector. Thus, alternative measures need to be studied to combat mosquito proliferation. This research sought to identify the relationship between the different degrees of environmental qualification and the occurrence of the vector A. aegypti; and to identify the relationship between the water dynamics of urban streams and the periods of vector infestation.This is an epidemiological and descriptive study of the incidence rate and mortality from dengue, seeking to correlate with rainfall, Human Development Index (IDH), Demographic Density and the Urban Cleaning Sustainability Index (ISLU). Predation experiments were also carried out under laboratory conditions using three fish species (Moenkhausia dichroura, Astyanax asuncionensis and Aequidens plagiozanatus), in which A. aegypti larvae were offered to the species to identify whether there would be predation; and, finally, an active search for Aedes aegypti was carried out in three urban streams in the city of Cáceres. Dengue incidence did not show a significant relationship with population density (R²= 0.0025; p=0.56), but it was related to rainfall (R²=0.0019; p<0.05). The month of January had the highest incidence (83.27/100 thousand inhabitants). A. plagiozanatus reached 97.4% of predation, while M. diehroura and A. asuncionensis showed similar behavior, reaching 64.52% and 54.92% of predation, respectively. Five vectors were captured in adult form at the river mouth of the Sangradouro stream and its banks, as well as 57 larvae in stages I, II, III and IV of A. aegypti i. Dengue fever revealed epidemic peaks with high incidence rates in Mato Grosso, not showing any relationship with Demographic Density, but expressing a significant relationship with rainfall. The Brazilian native fish showed competence as predators of Aedes aegypti larvae. In the urban stream Sangradouro, adult larvae and mosquitoes of the vector that transmit dengue were found.

“Ethnobotanical study in religionsof Afro-Brazilian mothers in the city of Cáceres, Mato Grosso, from the perspective ofWell live”

The species Cerdocyon thous (Linnaeus, 1766) is widespread over a large part of the South American territory, in Brazil its record occurs in large part, except in the Amazon. It is a common species in the Cerrado biome, as it adapts to anthropized and peri-urban environments. Anthropogenic areas bring the populations of wild animals closer to the domestic ones, allowing the transmission of parasites. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in the populations of domestic and wild canids, as well as the possibility of cross-contamination. For the capture of Cerdocyon thous, 10 folding Tomahawk traps were installed, measuring 115 x 55 x 60. As bait, pieces of chickens placed at the bottom of the traps were used. Biological material. In relation to domestic dogs, a questionnaire was applied to the owners of the animals regarding their life habits and the collection of biological material was carried out without the need for sedation. The samples were properly packaged and kept refrigerated until further analysis in the laboratory. The results obtained in the stool samples, according to Hoffman (1934) were positive for several parasites in domestic dogs with frequency of occurrence for Blastocystis sp. 60%, Trichuris vulpis 10%, Dipylidium caninum 10%, Hookworm 20%, Giardia lamblia 20% and Sarcocystis sp. 20%. For C. thous, the frequency of occurrence of mite eggs was 28.57%, Hookworm 42.85%, Blastocystis sp. 28.57%, Trichuris vulpis 14.28%. With the FAUST technique, parasites of domestic dogs were observed with frequency of occurrence for Blastocystis sp. of 30% and Sarcocystis sp. 10%. For C. thous with a frequency of occurrence of Hookworm 42.85%, Blastocystis sp. 57.14%, Trichuris vulpis 14, 28% and Capillaria sp. 14.28%. Blood samples from domestic and wild canids were subjected to Reverse Transcription followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) to investigate pathogens (Anaplasma sp., Babesia sp., Erlichia canis, Erlichia sp, Hepatozon sp., Leishmania sp. and Trypanosoma sp and CDV). The results showed that 50% of samples from domestic dogs were positive for Anaplasma sp., 60% for Babesia sp., 30% for Erlichia canis and 20% for Erlichia sp. However, they were negative for the antigens Hepatozon sp., Leishmania sp., Trypanosoma sp. and CDV. For C. thous all samples had negative reactions for all genotypes analyzed. Serology for distemper antibody detection (rapid test kit) in serum samples from domestic and wild dogs revealed that 80% of the samples were reactive for domestic dogs and none for C. thous. The frequency of occurrence of parasites in the feces and the presence of pathogens of infectious diseases in the blood of domestic dogs can characterize a threat to wild dogs present in the Conservation Unit that have direct contact between them, as they have free transit between the Conservation Unit. and the surrounding areas. Considering that the home range of C. thous can reach more than 7 km2, which overlaps 60% of the sampled domestic dogs, this way it can contaminate not only the C. thous object of this study, but also Chrysocyon brachyurus (maned wolf), Lycalopex vetulus (field fox) and Speothos venaticus (vinegar dog), as well as the feline species present in the area. For example, Blastocystis sp. was present in both species, which may demonstrate the contact between the animals. Preservation measures imply a work of sensitization of some residents who own domestic dogs, related to the vaccination and deworming of these animals. Thus, we emphasize that the combination of analysis techniques seeking to identify pathogens and parasites that affect diseases in domestic and wild canids, in addition to the mode of contagion, is essential to propose measures for the conservation of wild fauna.

Mercury (Hg) is a global concern due to its adverse effects on human health, food safety and the environment. It is one of the most serious environmental pollutants and related toxic compounds can be easily transferred to water, soil and sediment. The accumulation over time of large inputs of Hg into the environment results in the widespread occurrence of Hg throughout the food chain, requiring action to identify the main local sources of Hg. The Brazilian Pantanal is a floodplain covering an area of almost 140,000 km 2 and is subject to seasonal and monomodal floods, mostly once a year. As the final receptor of pollutants, derived from anthropogenic pressures, it is a vulnerable region threatened by recent trends in economic development, mainly by persistent and lethal fires that occurred mainly in the years 2018 to 2020. Traces of mercury have already been found in algae, fish and reptiles in the North Pantanal; which brings concern for the fragile balance of this ecosystem as well as for the health of the animals and the riverside population. In this sense, the objective of this research was to evaluate the origin of mercury in the North Pantanal Ecosystem. With an exploratory methodology, the collections took place in the springs, course and mouths of the Jauru, Cabaçal, Sepotuba and Paraguai rivers, whose waters form upstream of the edges of the Pantanal. Forty-eight points were considered, and samples of leaves, soil, sediment, zooplankton and particulate matter in water were collected. To determine the THg, a direct analyzer (DMA 80) was used, followed by statistical analyses. There were significant relationships of the four rivers and areas studied for soil (p<0.05). And between the spring, course and mouth areas, there were significant relationships for sediments (p<0.05). Among the studied rivers, the Cabaçal river presented the highest concentration of THg for zooplankton, (11.01 ± 5.34 ug/kg), soil (15.58 ± 16.77 ug/kg) and leaves (21.81 ± 10.18 ug/kg), while the Jauru River presented for sediments (3.67 ± 21.47 ug/kg). The Cabaçal River was associated with intense sedimentation of the basin lithology and the occurrence of Latosols, associated with land use, in addition to the fluvial dynamics itself. The Jauru River associated with PCHs established in the region since 1990. The concentrations found even below the limits established by the National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) and the National Council for the Environment (CONAMA) require government actions to prevent environmental contamination, guiding and aware of the risks to which the population may be exposed, as well as the preservation of this fragile ecosystem. Continuous monitoring should occur mainly because the number of fires has increased in the last two years (2020-2021) in the Pantanal Biome.

One of the established landmarks of the human species with other forms of life is the bond with other animal species, especially those that serve as food, made possible through hunting. In addition to developing strategies to guarantee the desired hunting, traditional knowledge, in this case, about forms of use, as well as myths, legends and taboos related to wild fauna, was also being built, becoming an inheritance among communities. In contemporary societies, this bond still exists in traditional communities. In education, this knowledge can effectively contribute to overcoming the distance between school and community, contributing to school education. In the Rural Education modality, traditional knowledge brought to the classroom promotes an important tool in the socio-environmental training of rural subjects, as it awakens and intensifies the feeling of integration with nature, as well as providing awareness and awareness in relation to environmental issues. In view of this, the research problem is established: “What knowledge do the students and the community of the Roseli Nunes Settlement, which is located in an ecotone region, in the southwest of the State of Mato Grosso, have in relation to the local fauna?” and “Is this knowledge considered in school education?” To this end, the research is structured into two chapters. In the first chapter, the traditional knowledge of students in relation to local fauna is analyzed and whether this is considered in school education at Escola Estadual Madre Cristina. The results found showed that students have a rich traditional knowledge in relation to local fauna. Therefore, there is a need for greater consideration and visibility of this knowledge within local school education. Certainly, knowledge regarding the diversity and ecology of wild species present in the Settlement, if considered in school education, will promote learning in a more dialogical way and with more meaning for students. In the second chapter, a description of the community's knowledge about local fauna is presented, related to its use, myths, legends and taboos, and how these are linked to school education at the Madre Cristina State School. In this regard, the data analysis showed that the interviewees have a rich knowledge about the local fauna, which is a characteristic point of traditional communities. Such knowledge is related to the productions developed by the settled families, the perception of local environmental impacts, knowledge about the ecology of fauna and the practice of hunting that still exists. Furthermore, they also influence knowledge about tales, myths and legends. Therefore, it is necessary to explore this community knowledge more closely, so that the approach to the local reality effectively contributes to the school education of students.

This thesis addresses the Environmental History of the Terranova Colonization Project located in the municipalities of Terra Nova do Norte and Nova Guarita in the far north of Mato Grosso. The approach portrays the historical and current configuration regarding the relationship of this society with nature in its places of life. The Terranova Colonization Project is a process of reoccupation of this territory, via Official Colonization of the military government implemented in 1978 through INCRA and Cooperativa Coopercana. In this Project, landless peasant families who illegally occupied indigenous reserves in the upper Uruguay region were settled, where they lived in a situation of conflict over land tenure. From the focus of Environmental History, the central issue of the thesis sought to answer the following questions: What social and environmental conditions led/motivated southerners in the Alto Uruguai/RS region to accept the proposal to migrate to the Terranova Colonization Project in the North of Mato Grosso ?How was the process of appropriation and use of nature taking place, in view of the socio-environmental crisis currently experienced by peasants in the research study area? The objective of the research is to analyze the relationship between society and nature, represented by the peasants and the Terranova Project, from the perspective of Environmental History, to face and overcome the challenges of the local socio-environmental crisis through the possibilities offered by environmental education. study is based on qualitative research. In this perspective and in order to contemplate the outlined objectives and answer the thesis questions, the dialectical method for the scientific approach to research was defined. As for the procedures and techniques of data collection, we used, first, the bibliographical and documental research. Then, for field data, we used participant observation, field notebook and semi-structured interviews based on methods of oral history of lives and comprehensive interview. Participating interlocutors are peasants remaining in rural plots since the beginning of the Project. The results show that the creation and implementation of the Terranova Project disregarded the Krenakarore indigenous people, who inhabited this territory. It also disregarded the socio-environmental reality of migrant peasants in their life trajectories and the migration to the Amazon biome without any preparation or knowledge of the local ecosystem. The development of the Terranova Project reproduced the southern ethos of civilizing deforestation based on the exploitation of natural resources and the production of raw materials for national and international markets. In the reoccupation process, a development model based on the exploitation of natural resources was implemented, in which peasant families were inserted and conceived as small production units for the national and international market. Consequently, this generated profound impacts and transformations in the environment, leading to a local socio-environmental crisis that imposes on this society the search for alternatives to face the crisis and the construction of a more sustainable collective life.

This research was carried out within the hydrographic basin of Cachoeirinha stream, placet at Cáceres city, Mato Grosso State. The main purpose was to study the several environmental characteristics, the pedological units, the distincts ways of land usage, the environmental fragilities and the morphodynamics of the hydrographic basin. The methodology focused, firstly, on structuring this study in five chapters. The environmental elements characterization was performed through a review in scientific publications, also from the RADAMBRASIL Project and from the Ministry of Defense, pages and yet from Mato Grosso Atlas – Planning Secretary of Mato Grosso StateSEPLAN. The basin area delimitation was made through the Digital Elevation Model (MDE) and the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). The thematic maps were elaborated through the IBGE database and field activities. The representative pedological units characterization was outlined based on EMBRAPA manuals, field observations, opening of trenches, morphological description, gathering and physicalchemical analyzes. The land usage, ocuppation and covering process was characterized through scientific publications, public documents, maps and information from INCRA and MAPBIOMAS with images referring to the years 1986, 1996, 2006 and 2020, processed in the software QGis 3.4.6 and field activities with informal interviews. The basin compartmentalization in high, medium and low course and the drainage network characterization was carried out through the SEPLAN-MT; regarding the maps elaboration with the classes of fragility, it was outlined through the algebra of maps "Calculator Raster", following adaptations of scientific productions. In relation to the morphometric parameters definition it were performed field activities in March and August/2020 (flood and drought periods in the hydrographic basin) for observations, also bathymetry and gathreing of water samples for analysis in order to quantify the suspended solid load. The results from first chapter show that the regional climate is AW. However, the different altitudes influenced the formation of two climatic units: Hot Mesothermal Altitude Tropical of Southern Facade of Plateaus, with na area of 69,16%, comprising the upper course of the basin (Serrana Province), and the Sub-Humid Megathermal Tropical of the Depressions and Plateaus of Mato Grosso, which occupies 30.84% in the middle and lower courses (Depression of the Upper Paraguai and the the Paraguay River Plain). Of the geological formations, the Raizama Formation Sandstone is evident, present in 27.88% of the upper course of the basin, playing an important role in the process of supplying the groundwater table and the Sepotuba Formation, occupying the upper and middle course valleys, where the fluvial slopes flow, with an area equivalent to 41.03%. The Geomorphology shows the Serrana Province, occupying 52.65% of the basin (upper course) and the Paraguay River Plain with an area of 0.24% in the lower course, an environment of sediment deposition that influences the exuberance of the floristic landscape. The predominant vegetation cover is the Savanna type, which characteristics are influenced mainly by 26 pedological attributes. The largest unit is the Wooded Savanna without gallery forest, covering 54.78% of the basin, corresponding to areas with higher altitudes (315 to 700 meters) in the Serrana Province. The composition with the highest stature is the Alluvial Seasonal Semideciduous Forest with an emerging canopy, present in the lower course, in the Paraguay River Plain region. In the second chapter, the pedological units were identified, evidencing the greatest representation of the Regolithic Neosol, occupying an area of 40.69% in the Serrana Province region and the Latosols, in 40.5% in the Upper Paraguay Depression. The third chapter showed that usage and occupation began during the 18th century with subsistence agriculture and extractive activities. From the 19th century, with the immigrants arrival, there was the insertion of mechanized agriculture, initiating social conflicts, deforestation of large areas, fires, use of pesticides, erosion and soil compaction, among other impacts. Currently, 63% of the basin is covered by Cerrado vegetation, 34.52% is occupied by pasture and 1.68% by grain monoculture. The fourth chapter show that the strongest environmental fragility is in the region of the Serrana Province with an area of 11.57% of the basin, where the relief is sloping and the lowest classification (very weak and weak) is found in the valleys of Depression of the Upper Paraguai and in the Plain of the Paraguai River, where the relief presents a lower slope. Regarding the climate, the strong fragility was in the area dominated by the Tropical Climate of Hot Mesothermal Altitude of the Meridional Facade of Plateaus, as a consequence of the higher precipitation incidence on steep slopes. As for the soils, the Eutrophic Fluvic Neosol Tb typical in the Paraguay River Plain and the Eutrophic Litholic Neosol in the Serrana Province showed very strong fragility and really weak fragility for the middle course Latosols, where the relief presents smooth wavy areas. Where the land covered by the Forest Formation appears in the low course, the environmental fragility is very weak (23.57% of the basin), for the Savanna and Campestral Formation; 39.37% of the area in the upper course and the fragility is weak. The most expressive class of potential fragility (46.42% of area) and emerging (68.19% of the basin) is the medium. The increase in the occupied area among the fragilities happens with the insertion of land use and occupation. The fifth chap4ter shows that geomorphology created the exorheic flow pattern and the parallel drainage. The drainage density was 0.52 km/km² and channels, 0.10 channels/km², considered low due to the geology and geomorphology of the basin. The periods of flood and drought influence the indices of flow, depth, velocity and, consequently, the contribution of liquid and solid discharge to the Paraguay River. The realization of this study allowed the knowledge about the characteristics of the basin, which can guide environmental management actions and contribute to environmental conservation. The flood and drought periods influence the indices of flow, depth, velocity and, consequently, the contribution of liquid and solid discharge to the Paraguay River. Performing this study allowed the knowledge about the characteristics of the hydrographicy basin, which can guide environmental management actions and contribute to environmental conservation.

Birds can be effective indicators of ecological conditions in wetlands, because constitute  
one of the most diverse biological groups, have high mobility, and provide fundamental  
ecological functions that guarantee the maintenance of ecosystem support and regulation  
services. In this research, we evaluated the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds
through distinct approaches, using the group as a potential ecological indicator to  
contribute to conservation actions and environmental planning in the Brazilian Pantanal  
floodplain. For this, we structured the document into four chapters, corresponding to two  
published articles, one submitted and one in preparation. The first chapter is an overview
of scientific knowledge about birds in the Pantanal based on publications from the last 30  
years, which made it possible to direct and substantiate future research. In the second  
chapter, we carry out an inventory and consolidate a list of bird species that occur in a  
protected area of the Pantanal which is recognized as a wetland of international  
importance, which can contribute to the knowledge of the distribution and occurrence of  
birds in this floodplain. In the third chapter, we researched how the richness, abundance  
and functional structure of birds with different degrees of wetlands dependence are  
influenced by the flood pulse dynamics of the Pantanal. We expected to find different  
ecological responses for each birds group in relation to hydrological cycle. In the fourth  
chapter, we propose to investigate whether the modification of habitats across the  
hydrological cycles affects the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds, in order to  
access environmental changes in a tropical floodplain. We expect to contribute to the  
knowledge of the taxonomic and functional diversity of birds in floodplains, as well as  
towards advances for wetlands conservation

The theme of female peasant territorialities of the Cerrado developed in this thesis, sought to contemplate approaches involving the Cerrado biome and its territorialization and the consequences for socio-environmental and cultural diversities. the gradual importance economic growth of the biome was processed by the prosperous productive capacity, in the expansion of the Brazilian agricultural frontiers. The development of agrarian capital in these fields, made viable the transactions and partnerships of private and public sectors with strategies and negotiations for international agro-export markets. This historic setting implied changes in the socio-environmental and cultural relations of traditional peoples cerradeiros, whose material and immaterial dimensions in the relationships of the subjects with the territory, were configured in the consolidation of survival actions and identities. These relationships reconcile webs of complicity and bonds creating a unique feature, combining the daily needs of life and the offer of the Cerrado's biodiversity. In this follow-up, we sought to investigate the protagonism of peasant women in closed territories, their experiences and legacies. To achieve this goal, we used of life history, a methodology that is part of the universe of qualitative research, relying on the procedures of participant observation and open interviews. With incipient results, these techniques were enough to understand that, even in the face of invisibility conditions given by the patriarchal social structure and setbacks imposed by the transformations of work in the countryside, peasant women research participants, revealed that they house, with simplicity, the ways of life founded in the cerradeiros fields and protect customs, imprint their practices on cultural knowledge, promoting their protection. Even with partial search results, it is worth ensuring that, although neglected, the female presence emerges as protagonist in the struggle, in the exercise of resistance and permanence on earth.

The objective of this work was to evaluate different techniques of direct seeding (in holes and the haul), as well as to identify the influence of litter transposition after sowing, to emergence and establishment of native species in ecological restoration work in a area of degraded springs in the municipality of Cáceres-MT. In the experiment presented here two direct sowing techniques (in holes and by broadcast) were analyzed in two different environments. (with and without litter transposition), using three species of native plants, (Jacaranda cuspidifolia Mart., Sterculia apetala (Jaqc.) H. Karst., Vochysya divergens Pohl.), in a factorial scheme (2x2) in a degraded spring area. Being four treatments: T1 direct seeding in holes, T2 direct seeding in holes with litter, T3 seeding direct seeding by broadcast and T4 direct seeding by broadcast with litter, with eight replications each. THE emergency, establishment were monitored for three months and had height, collar diameter and number of leaves for ten months. For the species S. apetala, the best treatment was T2, obtaining better values in all parameters analyzed in this experiment. For the species J. cuspidifolia T4 was more efficient for the percentage of emergency, establishment, emergency speed index, average emergency time, for the average height and diameter of the collar, number of leaves and survival rate, T3 proved to be more promising. For the species V. divergens the treatment that obtained the best values in all parameters analyzed in the experiment was T4. Large seeds have better germination and emergence rates in the field, using the sowing technique direct, when compared with small seeds, The litter transposed after sowing direct influence positively on emergence, establishment and provided plants with greater vigor at the end of the experiment. Showing to be a possibility to improve the chances emergence and establishment of species with small seeds, used in forest recovery. Thus, we consider that the use of litter transposition can be one of the efficient auxiliary methods in ecological restoration.

As the natural aging process, the elderly presents changes morphophysiological and immunological leaving the most susceptible to various ooinfections parasitic. Endoparasitosis is a public health problem in Brazil, showing variations according to basic sanitation conditions, level socioeconomic status, level of education, age and hygiene habits, among others variables. The general objective of this work was to analyze the prevalence of endoparasites in seniors who attend the Living Center and seniors and employees of the Long-stay institution in the city of Cáceres-MT. The samples were analyzed using three laboratory techniques, namely: Hoffmann, Ritchie and modified Safranina staining technique in the Parasitic Biology laboratory at Mato Grosso State University (UNEMAT). The prevalence of parasites intestinal were: among the elderly of the Living Center (46.98%), elderly of the Long-stay Institution (83.33%) and employees (84.61%). You endoparasites Cryptosporidium sp., Cyclospora sp. and Giardia lamblia were the most prevalent, with 22%, 19% and 18%, respectively. This study also evaluated the sociodemographic characteristics and personal hygiene habits of the elderly at the Center Coexistence and ILP employees. The results suggested a condition epidemiological concern of the elderly population of the ILP because the high rates of prevalence in both the elderly and employees show the high risk of infection and reinfection in this environment and shows the need for programs educational awareness of hygienic practices and primary health care of the elderly population in these institutions.

Aquatic invertebrates are of great ecological importance in freshwater environments, participating decisively in the processes of fragmentation and decomposition of organic matter. The identification of the aquatic macrofauna is quite approximately in determining the environmental quality through the use of biomonitoring indices. Researchers and companies from all over the world have used macroinvertebrates as pieces for environmental qualification because they are considered good biological indicators, due to their sensitivity they respond to environmental variations, which, according to the families present there, receive a note that serves for the creation and adaptation of environmental quality biomonitoring indexes. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the biodiversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in environments with different degrees of anthropization, as well as to qualify their efficiency and suitability of biotic indexes of assessment in tropical humid areas. The first work was carried out a scientometric review of scientific articles indexed in the Scopus, ScienceDirect and Scielo databases in an interval from 2000 to 2020; the second article deals with the description of the community's diversity using environmental quality indicators. The results of the research in scientometric analysis showed a scientific production of 314 articles, among which 60 biotic indexes were addressed. Among these, EPT (Ephemeroroptera, Plecoptera and Trichopter) was the most used in scientific research. Among the indexes found, the only one that showed a trend of use for the coming years was the ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon). The studied indices represent water monitoring options that, with adaptations, can be used in different climates and hydrographic basins in the world, carried out in eight locations (Paraguay River, urban streams, Caramujo streams, water ponds and Taiamã Ecological Station (UC- Campo, UC- Rio Paraguai and UC- Rio Bracinho,). Macroinvertebrates were samples using a Van Veen dredge and at the Laboratory, families were analyzed and identified. To take data on the limnological variables, a multiparametric probe was used in addition to the samples of water for the analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus. The macrofauna was represented by 2.210 individuals and the greatest abundance was found in more preserved places, there were positive and statistically significant relationships for dissolved oxygen, water temperature and rapid assessment protocol-RAP with the density of the organisms (ind/m²). The results showed that the indexes EPT and IBF (Benthic Family Index) were the best that match the reality of the environments, corresponding to the results of the RAP. The principal component analysis (PCA) characterized each environment with distinct variables. We can conclude that, for a more robust characterization of aquatic environments, it is necessary to apply several biotic indices together with the physical and chemical variables, thus strengthening the monitoring of environmental quality as well as the creation of biological indexes.

Studies on dynamics are important for us to understand the characteristics and structure of a plant community. The forest dynamics is a process by which the forest remains balanced, contributing with important characteristics of the plant community maintaining the structure and composition over the years. The current state of a forest environment is resulting from the interactions of various processes, growth, mortality and the regeneration. This work aimed to evaluate the composition, structure and dynamics of the arboreal component in areas of forest formation in two hectares in the Serra das Araras Ecological Station (Esec da Serra das Araras. Data from two censuses (2016 and 2019) were used, in two parcels 100 X 100 m permanent standings designated ESA-02 and ESA-03. The criterion of inclusion was a diameter ≥ 10 cm at a height of 1.30 m from the ground. the descriptors phytosociologicals used were: relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance and importance value. For floristic diversity, Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Pielou (J’) were used. to compare the data of diameter, height, basal area and number of trees between the censuses we used t-test. For this community, the succession classes were analyzed. ecological. In 2016, 694 individuals, 109 species, 79 were cataloged. genera and 39 families. In 2019 in the same areas 614 individuals, 104 species, 78 genera and 38 families. The diametric structure of the ESA-02 is more heterogeneous than ESA-03. In the basal area for ESA-02 and ESA-03 there was an average gain of one census to another. Mortality occurred in individuals who presented larger diameter. The present study allows us to infer that the forest remains balanced, contributing important characteristics of the plant community maintaining the structure and composition over the years and keeping the current state of a forest environment that results from the interactions of several processes in particular growth, plant mortality.

“DIVERSIDADE E CARACTERIZAÇÃO MOLECULAR DE ENTEROPARASITAS EM DIFERENTES HOSPEDEIROS DOS BIOMAS MATO-GROSSENSES”

The thesis aims to analyze the contradictions, limits, advances and possibilities of the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS/2010) and its interface with the socio-productive inclusion of recyclable material collectors, in municipalities in the state of Mato Grosso. From the validity of the PNRS, Law Federal 12.305/2010, the implementation of public policies and plans for Integrated Solid Waste Management (PMGIRS) is a municipal responsibility. The legislator assigned, as a priority, to municipal entities, the contracting of self-managed projects of recyclable material collectors, formed by low-income people, for the system of collection, processing and sale of recyclable solid waste, aiming at inclusion productive and economic emancipation of these workers. This study problematizes: What are the contradictions, the limits, the advances and the possibilities of the PNRS/2010 in the socio-productive inclusion of waste pickers recyclable materials? This is a qualitative approach research descriptive; data collection through bibliographic and documentary review; field research with in-depth interview; and analysis technique of contents. It was evident that the participation of material collectors recyclables in the integrated solid waste management system contributes to reduction of environmental impacts and social inequalities. It's viable economically, as it generates income and empowerment and promotes satisfaction of human needs. Despite that, there are limitations, arising, for the most part, from the lack of resources earmarked for investments in integrated solid waste management policies. This happens, especially, to operate selective collection with the participation of Waste Pickers, with regard to structure, both of the municipalities, as well as of the associations and cooperatives. The precariousness of physical facilities, capital resources, technology and excessive state bureaucracy in the application of the legal framework. You municipalities with organized waste pickers are more likely to implement selective collection. It is essential that the PMGIRS define: ways to provide investments in environmental education with society; development of selective collection and recycling; and actions that contribute to the qualification technical and political and educational training of Waste Pickers.

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This research is part of the field of environmental sciences with a profile ethnographic, and its object of study is the population group belonging to the Yudjá (Juruna) ethnic group that today inhabits the Xingu Indigenous Park, in the State of Mato Grosso – Brazil. The objective of this work is to study the trajectory of this group that, in successive migrations after the first contacts with the national society since the days of colonial Brazil settled in the territory of current occupation, in the middle Xingu and with this to verify which factors dynamics involved in this trajectory, as well as the resilience demonstrated by this people. This study also aims to evaluate the way of life of the Yudjá belonging to this group and if, among their characteristic way of being and live, we can identify aspects related to the emerging concept of Well Living. Seeking to identify more objective parameters for this purpose, we carried out a search in the literature on Good Living and indigenous peoples of Brazil through tool called scientometrics, using the search strings ―Well Viver” and “Indigenous Peoples” in the main academic databases, which resulted in the selection of 24 works, in which we identified elements of the Live well. With the description of such elements of Good Living found among the Yudjá, the objective is to contribute to the strengthening of this people through the appreciation of their way of living and also provide data that can serve also to society as a whole, in the delicate period of facing the civilizational crisis in which we find ourselves. The data referring to the trajectory were researched in the literature and also through direct reports of the Yudjá contemporaries. The collection of data for this purpose, as well as for the scope of the work as a whole was through participant observation and record in field diaries, collected over nine years of work as a volunteer doctor through the Medical and Scientific Department and UDV Charity Department, supervising physician of the Mais Project Physicians for Brazil and professor of the Medicine Course at the Federal of Mato Grosso – Campus Sinop. The results we obtained in allow us to consider that the Yudjá people today resident in the limits of the Park Xingu Indigenous Peoples testify to the outstanding resilience that, over the course of years of vicissitudes, threats and a struggle to persevere, shaped his way of to be and to live, and today it is possible to verify among them elements of what called Good Living. The data obtained allow us to foresee that the people Yudjá has something to contribute with his lifestyle to our society, teaching with its simple, resilient and integrated way to its environment, a way of living well.

Nature is capable of providing countless benefits to people through ecosystem services it provides. Fishing activity and ecotourism can play important roles in this context, as they combine sustainability, conservation and economic support, mainly for the local populations. One of the goals of scientific research is to make data available decision makers so that legislation can be improved in order to benefit the greatest number of people. The general objective of this thesis was characterize the interactions of social groups within CEPESCA and the ecotourism at the Encontro das Águas State Park, in the Pantanal. The results found in CEPESCA identified and categorized five sectors: Government, Tourism Businesses, Professional Fishermen, NGOs and Academia. THE Government had the largest number of institutions involved in the process participatory, followed by tourism, fishermen, NGOs and academia. The analyzes suggest the implementation of social learning processes, and the inclusion of marginalized groups, such as indigenous people, in order to improve the stakeholder balance of power. The PEEA, on the other hand, proved to be a factor of economic development for the region, with an average spending by visitors of US$ 693.00 per day, with the estimated economic impact of this visitation ranging from US$4.8 to US$13.5 million per year. The main reasons for visits were to observe wildlife in general (27%) and to the observation of jaguars (26%). There is what needs to be improved, and the infrastructure that houses tourists was the most cited point, however the trip to PEEA left 100% of the visitors satisfied, demonstrating that the local biodiversity manages to overlap the problems faced by them in other questions.