The Amazon Forest is expanding rapidly over the Cerrado, due to environmental and climatic conditions. In order to understand the strategies, the appearance of plants in the face of climate change, characteristics were analyzed, specifically morphological, anatomical and hydraulic. Here, we aim to investigate the hydraulic functioning of transitional (Cerrado-Amazonian) plants in comparison with plants from the Amazon savannah, a goal of sense of relationship and coordination of structure/function between leaf and wood. In addition to answering the following questions: (i) Do transitional plants present attributes in the leaf and in the wood that converge to xeromorphism when compared to species from the Amazon savannah? (ii) Which delivery plans do they present that reflect a safe hydraulic system based on leaf and wood coordination, which enable the indication for forest restoration? The botanical material was processed according to standard plant anatomy techniques. Subsequently, analyzes were performed under an optical microscope to guide the morphoanatomical attributes. The attributes that they grouped as species of SA and one of the transitional plants are related to less water loss through leaves and greater safety in water transport, for example, greater wood density for this group of species. In contrast, transitional plants reflect more transpiration on the leaves. Based on our morphoanatomical study, we provide evidence that confirms a promoter species for forest restoration, only Enterolobium schomburgkii among the five transitional plants indicated by Arguelho (2021) due to the clear presence of attributes that converge to xeromorphism.

The Amazon biome has a significant biological and socio-environmental value for the world, harboring a great diversity of species of flora, fauna and traditional knowledge of local communities. of the preservation and conservation of the environment. Entering Environmental Education in this scenario, awareness, solidarity, equality and respect for human rights must be stimulated, using democratic strategies and interaction between cultures. The problem of the lack of accessibility in ecological trails for all people, including those with disabilities (PwD), motivated us to formulate the present work, which aimed to build an interpretive ecological trail in a conservation area in the South of the Amazon, as instrument of direct contact with nature, ensuring accessibility even for people with disabilities, whether physical, mental, intellectual or sensory. The trail was opened in an area of 500 hectares of native Amazon forest, located in the experimental area of the Executive Commission of the Cacaueira Crop Plan (CEPLAC) in the municipality of Alta Floresta, in the south of the Mato Grosso Amazon. The trail followed the ICMBio trail planning and fundamentals, classifying it as “Class 5 trail (high intervention), with adaptations along the way, aiming at accessibility and social inclusion, in addition to moments of interpretation on the trail, with the sharpening of the five senses. For data collection, we used questionnaires as a research instrument. We carried out 11 visits, serving 107 volunteers, 81 people without disabilities (76%) and 26 people with disabilities (PwDs) (24%), which cover: Visual (blind and low vision); Auditory (deaf); Physical (wheelchair user and low mobility); Intellectual and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Bringing the focus to the main questions, in the questionnaires applied before the visit, when asked if they knew the forest in our region, 28% said they knew it reasonably, 23% said they knew it well and 24% knew it very well. And, about 40% of the visitors said they had reasonable knowledge about the plants and animals of the region and 28% said they had a good knowledge about the fauna and flora. And for the questionnaires applied after the visit, about 68% of the volunteers said that the connection with nature through the trail was very good and that it served as an efficient tool and regarding their experience about accessibility and inclusion when walking on the trail, 13% of the 26 people with disabilities (PwDs) said that the experience was good. We found acceptable visitor approval by analyzing the questions asked to each of them. Therefore, the construction of the trail proved to be an efficient instrument of direct contact with nature, bringing the focus of knowledge of the Amazon forest, in addition to bringing to light the opinion of PwDs who, for a long time, were excluded from experiences inside a forest. . Therefore, we believe that our work served as a new educational practice under a pedagogical bias of inclusion and accessibility, serving as a basis for future studies with trails of this model, this being a pioneering study in the region.

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Soybean stands out among the legumes produced due to its high nutritional value and its use in various sectors of the agroindustry, but in recent years, due to the high demand of the productive sector and the growth of grain consumption, it has been necessary to integrate new management techniques in order to increase crop productivity. Thus, seeking alternatives for sustainable management in agriculture, the present study aimed to analyze the ability of Trichoderma atroviride, applied at different vegetative stages, in its action as a growth promoter and in plant protection in soybean, associated with boron doses. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with applications of Trichoderma atroviride carried out at four different times (SEM, V5, R1 and R5) and five doses of boron (0, 500, 1000 , 1500 and 2000 g ha-1). The research was conducted on the property called Fazenda Bela Vista, located in the municipality of Alta Floresta. Trichoderma was applied in a solution of 2 x 107 conidia/mL via leaf on soybean. In the first chapter the effect of the treatments on the vegetative and productive characteristics of the soybean crop was addressed and in the second chapter the physiological response of the crop was evaluated. With the use of the microorganism associated with the micronutrient, it was not possible to significantly observe the growth promoting action and increase in soybean productivity, but it was observed the action as a plant protector, minimizing the different stressful conditions, in which, it was verified if the performance physiology of plants through the increment of elements that are essential for the growth and development of the culture.

The standardization of biological information dispersed in biodiversity platforms is essential to condense complete and reliable information on species composition and physical characteristics of the environment. Thus, our objective was to build a database with plant species occurring in the Cerrado-Amazon transition (CAT), containing the collection records and their geographic coordinates. Based on this database, called ‘NeoTropTrans’, we seek to answer the following questions: 1) What are the most representative species, genera and families in the CAT? 2) What are the best-sampled regions and vegetation types and those with the greatest gaps in collections? 3) How are species occurrence records distributed along the different land use and land cover categories in the CAT? The occurrence records of plant species (angiosperms, gymnosperms and ferns) were obtained from the speciesLink, GBIF and REFLORA online platforms. We compiled 51,886 occurrence records for the Cerrado-Amazon transition, of which 50,523 of angiosperms, 14 of gymnosperms and 1,349 of ferns/lycophytes. Among these records, 28,536 were for trees, 19,665 for shrubs, 9,970 for herbs, 6,619 for vines (woody and non-woody), 5,203 for subshrubs, 618 for palms, 50 for bamboos and 24 for succulents. The occurrence records were distributed in 209 families, 1,384 genera and 5,889 species. The families with the highest species richness were Fabaceae (699), Rubiaceae (317) and Poaceae (262). The genera with the highest species richness were Miconia (96), Piper (71) and Solanum (58). The families with the highest number of occurrences were Fabaceae (6,765), Rubiaceae (2,713) and Melastomataceae (2,276). The genera with the highest number of records were Miconia (1398), Protium (844) and Solanum (652). Among the most common species, Pourouma minor Benoist (214 records), Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) A.C.Sm. (174), Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D.Don (170), Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC (160) and Siparuna guianensis Aubl. (144). We obtained 2,738 species occurring only in the Amazon and/or Cerrado, representing 46.49% of the total species present in the database. This ecotone, due to its large territorial area, provides diversified habitats, allowing the occurrence of species from adjacent biomes. With NeoTropTrans we hope to make better use of the data available on biodiversity platforms for the transition between the largest biogeographic regions of the Neotropics.

The Amazon Forest is the largest tropical forest in the world, with 60% belonging to the Brazilian territory, one third of the forest is located in the state of Mato Grosso. It is estimated that about 20% of all the planet's biodiversity is found in the Amazon. Among the species present in the Amazon, we highlight the Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., exploited mainly for the extraction of its oil-resin and wood, and also to be used in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Inadequate management of C. langsdorffii, as well as forest fragmentation, can cause a decrease in the number of individuals in the populations, which in the long run can cause the loss of genetic variability. This study aimed to perform the molecular characterization of 27 individuals of C. langsdorffii collected in the Amazon located in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, and to evaluate the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the species. For evaluation of genetic diversity, 12 ISSR primers were used, which amplified 106 fragments, 98.11% of which were polymorphic. The content of polymorphic information (PIC) of each primer varied between 0.45 and 0.81. The average dissimilarity found was 0.49. The greatest genetic variability is found within the groups and not between them. The percentage of polymorphism, values of genetic dissimilarity and indexes of genetic diversity, indicate that there is high genetic variability among C. langsdorffii individuals, suggesting that ISSR primers are efficient in detecting polymorphism in this species, and that the population has the potential to compose  conservation programs and the ability to integrate germplasm banks. The assessment of toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential was performed using the Allium cepa test. The aqueous extracts (infused and decocted) obtained from the stem bark and leaves of C. langsdorffii were evaluated, with five different concentrations and two controls, with distilled water (negative control) and glyphosate at 1% (positive control). The growth of the root system (CSR), the mitotic index (MI), and the frequency of chromosomal changes and / or abnormalities in the phases of cell division were evaluated. The greatest reductions in CSR were found in decocted extracts (stem bark and leaves). For the stem bark, both extracts at concentration of 0.032 mg mL ^-1 showed lower MI. The concentrations 0.002 mg mL^-1 of the infused bark extract and 0.004 mg mL^-1 of the decocted leaf extract showed 4.19 and 3.55% of cell aberrations respectively, followed by the positive leaf control with 5.71%. The results showed the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the aqueous extracts of C. langsdorffii on the test organism.

Abstract: In this dissertation, an evolution of environmental legislation was addressed, as well as a case study with the subsumption of the law in concrete projects to make forest restoration feasible, showing the efficiency of the methods applied by an environmental public policy. A traditional bibliographic research method was used, highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of the environmental issue since it is necessary to know several scientific areas. In the first chapter, a bibliographic survey of the evolution of the legislation regarding the protection of the environment was carried out; analysis of the importance of the rural environmental registry (CAR) as a method of controlling deforestation; and studying the terminology conflict between restoration, restoration, recovery, and restoration of native vegetation. In the second chapter, legal issues were analyzed in order to apply the theoretical perspectives of law in the concrete cases proposed by the SEMA (State Secretariat for the Environment) of Mato Grosso, and the project Olhos D'água da Amazônia was implemented for the documentary research. in the municipality of Alta Floresta (MT), in order to reduce deforestation and increase forest restoration rates, in order to recover APPs (permanent preservation areas). Also selected as a sample was a study carried out by ICV (Instituto Centro e Vida) in the Municipalities of Alta Floresta, Carlinda, and Paranaíta in the State of Mato Grosso, comparing the gain and loss of forest during the years 2008 to 2019. With the study it was it is possible to concretely make the general objective of the work viable, that is, demonstrate that an environmental public policy will be efficient if there is political will from the government, financial investment, involvement of specialists, and participation of society in the process of raising awareness of the importance of biodiversity conservation, as well as alignment of a sustainable economic development policy

Few sources of information exist about secondary vegetation in Brazil, which consists of vegetation originating from areas that were deforested in previous years and later abandoned by use if they regenerated and / or were recomposed by human action. In Mato Grosso, many areas of environmental liabilities have been restored in recent years, due to legal requirements and / or abandonment of use. The objective of the present work, divided into two chapters, was to map and validate the forest restoration (RF) that occurred in the period from 2008 to 2019 and to analyze its spatial distribution over the network of rural properties, Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), Legal Reserves (RLs) and properties benefited by projects financed by the Amazon Fund in three municipalities in northern Mato Grosso. The study area comprised the municipalities of Alta Floresta, Carlinda and Paranaíta, which together totaled a total area of 1,616,537 ha. The mapping was performed through visual interpretation in freely accessible orbital images. The vectorization scale was 1: 25,000. The mapping validation was carried out through systematic sampling from the polygons that were located within a maximum radius of 50 meters from the axis of the municipal road network. A total of 567 sample areas were selected. All field work was carried out by land using a motor vehicle. To measure the accuracy of the mapping, the Global Accuracy, Conditional Kappa and Tau indexes were used. Net deforestation was calculated by subtracting the RF area from the PRODES / INPE deforestation area. For the spatial distribution analysis, digital cartographic bases of the property limits provided by ICV (2018), APP limits, property limits benefited by the Olhos D’Água da Amazônia (PRODAM) and Nascentes do Buriti projects were used. Rural properties were subdivided into five classes according to the number of fiscal modules (MF) being: Up to 1 MF; from 1 to 2 MF; from 2 to 4 MF; from 4 to 15 MF and above 15 MF. The size of the MF in the three municipalities according to INCRA is 100 hectares. The amount of RF for the period and for the study area was 14,605.1 ha and 7,302 polygons. The accuracy indices showed values of 95.5%, 91.1% and 90.9% respectively, with performance classified as excellent. The average height of vegetation in the sample areas was 7.11 meters. Alta Floresta had 

the highest number of polygons, 4,449, and the largest area, 9,975.4 ha of RF. Carlinda had the best net deforestation balance - 103.7 ha. Paranaíta had lesser performance both in the quantity of RF and in the net deforestation balance. The rural property class above 15 MF was the one that stood out the most, with the highest number of polygons, the largest area and the highest percentage of properties with an incidence of RF. The RF focused more heavily on areas of APP compared to RL. The environmental liability in APP was 22,328.69 ha in the entire study area until the year 2019. The incidence of RF on the areas of APPD between the years 2016 to 2019 was only 7.9%. The PRODAM project was able to achieve its initially proposed goal of recomposing 1,200 ha of forest, while the Nascentes do Buriti project has so far reached 14.3% of the initially proposed goal. Despite efforts, the two projects contributed 9.5% of all RF in the entire study area. The entire database used in the analysis of this work is openly available through the link: https://arcg.is/0qKjCi.

Livestock and soy are the main drivers of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. The purpose of this work was to verify the conversion of natural areas for soy planting after the Soy Moratorium, between the crop years 2009/2010 to 2017/2018. To evaluate the deforested areas, images were used via remote sensing of the Landsat satellites made available by the Global Forest Change database, with files containing 8-bit values, with a spatial resolution of one second of arc per pixel, or approximately 30 meters per pixel in the equator. The areas cultivated with soy were identified with the PCEI index (Perpendicular Crop Enhancement Index). Boxplots were built to demonstrate the variation of the variables evaluated over the time series. To check the trend of variables over the years, the Man-Kendall test was applied, followed by the Pettitt test to identify the probable point of change with the significant trend at 0.005 for the Pettitt test. All analyzes were performed with R software with the aid of the “ggplot2”, “trend”, “ManKendall” and “factoextra” packages. In the 2017/2018 crop year, soy was present in seven Amazonian states, with the exception of Amazonas and Maranhão and occupying an area of 5,237,640 hectares (ha). The states with the largest planting areas were Mato Grosso (4,453,053 ha), Pará (565,541 ha) and Rondônia (95,934 ha). The states with the largest areas of deforestation were Pará and Mato Grosso and the trend test showed that the probable year of change was 2006 for the state of Mato Grosso, which coincides with the year of implementation of the Soy Moratorium. As of 2009, 12,413,267 ha have been deforested. Of this total, 359,606 ha were converted into soybean areas. This represents only 2.90% of all deforestation in the Amazon in the period. Our results show that cattle ranching remains the main driver of deforestation in the Amazon and that the public policies that have existed so far have not been sufficient to contain deforestation.

In recent years in Brazil, invasive species in cultivation areas have been raising concern among farmers due to damage and losses in production. A study carried out in the Parque Nacional das Emas, for example, shows a daily consumption of 1.9 kg of corn by the white leap peccaries (WLP) (Tayassu pecari). However, these invasions are driven by deforestation that causes forest fragmentation, loss of habitat and reduced availability of resources, forcing fauna to explore agro-ecosystems in search of food. An example of this is the situation of the WLP. While they have disappeared from much of the country, they are still abundant and live in conflict with corn farmers in the state of Mato Grosso. Thus, this species, resilient to the impacts of forest fragmentation, is now seen as a pest specie by farmers. Due to this conflicting relationship, this work was divided into two chapters and had two main objectives. The first estimated the economic impacts caused by the WLP on corn production on a single property in the south of the Brazilian Amazon. The second assessed the dispersed functional connectivity of the WLP in an environment with an agricultural matrix, to use as a predictive model of areas to be invaded and aiming at guiding producers regarding this possibility. For the first objective, we used a property in the municipality of Alta Floresta, with 1,100 hectares of corn crops. In this property we randomized 50 collection points, all around the crop, represented by one hectare each, composed of six treatments (distances from the edge of the forest fragment), divided into five repetitions of 10 linear meters of corn, where the whole and damaged corn stalks were counted. We calculated the percentage of damaged corn stalks at each point, extracting an average loss for the points analyzed, being extrapolated to the entire crop. For the second, we used data on the presence and absence of white-lipped peccaries, acquired through visits to properties that grew corn in the 2018/19 crop year in Alta Floresta, Carlinda and Paranaíta in the state of Mato Grosso. With the ArcGis Software and orbital scenes from the CBERS-04A satellite (China-Brazil Earth-Resources Satellite), we identify forest fragments and crops to quantify connection rates through the Conefor Sensinode 2.6 plugin, through the integral connectivity index (IIC).  We found 1.25% of damaged plants throughout the property, representing a loss of R $ 34,344.75 for the owner. Crops were invaded at a rate of up to 300 meters in connection with forest fragments. Even low damage rates are not tolerated by farmers. This intolerance and persecution promoted by farmers may compromise the survival of the WLP in the agricultural frontier areas in the Amazon. One of the solutions to avoid conflicts would be for crops to be cultivated at least 300 meters away from the nearest forest fragment.

As it has one of the richest biological diversity on the planet, Brazil has a vast potential for research with vegetables that substantiate secondary metabolites, among which we can mention the species of the genus Xylopia L. Xylopia produces a variety of secondary metabolites and has been investigated as a source potential of compounds that exhibit a wide variety of biological properties. Secondary metabolites are not directly related to plant growth and development, but assume functional characteristics that allow them to respond to environmental stimuli; in the same way that possible changes in the anatomy of species can perform functions that suggest a certain adaptive degree. In this sense, this study had as main objective to investigate Xylopia species occurring in different areas in the southern Amazon of Mato Grosso, seeking to characterize and compare anatomically and histochemically six species of the genus, in addition, we investigate possible adaptive characteristics of Amazonian Xylopia in different communities vegetables from the region. To carry out the study, we used leaves of tree species of the genus Xylopia, which were subjected to the usual methodologies for anatomical and histochemical research. The research is organized in two chapters, the first deals with the description and anatomical and histochemical comparison of the species: Xylopia amazonica, X. aromatica, X.benthamii, X. frutescens, X. neglecta and X. sericea, where it was possible to verify that the species have shared anatomical characteristics, such as paracitic stomata, epidermal cells with straight walls, thin cuticle, bulky substomatic chambers and secretory channels. As well as the results referring to histochemical tests, which also revealed similarity between species, since of the ten tests performed, five reacted positively in all species. The compounds present in the species, perform ecological functions related to adaptations to the environment, such as reduced sweating, water storage, defense against herbivory and antifungal action. Despite the large number of shared characteristics, it was possible to separate them into groups, where the species X. frutescens and X. sericea are the most similar among the six. The results obtained are able to assist in taxonomic studies in the circumstance in which they suggest greater kinship between the species X. frutescens and X. sericea and X. amazonica and X. aromatica. The second chapter revealed that four anatomical attributes differ between the studied sites, namely, stomatal size, central rib bundle thickness, palisade parenchyma thickness and leaf wing thickness, thus, the mean annual precipitation and the seasonality index also influenced the variation of these tissues, except the thickness of the leaf wing. Although some attributes do not vary between sites and are not related to environmental variables, they showed a higher value for intraspecific variability, such as the thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, stomatal density and thickness of the lacunous parenchyma. This study shows that X. amazônica presents a difference in the anatomical attributes between the different sites and that these differences are closely linked to environmental factors, more especially the average annual precipitation.

Future climate changes and modifications in land use and land cover are anthropic processes of threats to global biodiversity. For the conservation and restoration processes of impacted areas to be efficient, it is necessary to investigate the effects of climate change on local plant species. Here, we aim to understand which plant species, which are being used in the recovery process of impacted areas of the Cerrado-Amazon Transition, will support future climates. To verify whether species used in forest restoration will find suitable areas in the future throughout this transition, we model, using niche-based models, their present potential distributions by projecting them into the future climate (2070). We used eight modeling algorithms, three global climate models (GCMs) and selected models based on True Skill Statistic (TSS). The post hoc chi-square test showed significant differences among the present, optimistic future and pessimistic future for 45 species of the 48 modeled species. Our results indicated 15 species as most promising for restoration in the Cerrado-Amazon Transition considering future climate change scenarios. Ensemble models showed that climate change is expected to alter the geographic distribution of all selected species (15 species) and not selected (29 species), with that, we observe how the anthropic actions in relation to the climatic changes can modify the distributions of these species, with high suitability for some and low or loss of suitability for others, modifying the landscape and possibly the traditional life of many people who live from these species in the Transition Cerrado-Amazon region.

The use of protected cultivation systems for tomato plants has corroborated the agronomic viability of the crop, but plastic coverings and/or polycarbonate can bring a different dynamic regarding production in regions with humid tropical climate by interfering in the environmental conditions of cultivation for the species. The present study aims to analyze physiological and productive aspects of tomato hybrids of determined habit of the salad group influenced by protected cultivation environments covered with polycarbanate and agricultural film and open field, in summer cultivation in a transition region between Cerrado and Amazon, in Sinop /Mt. 'Thaise', 'Trucker' and 'DS0060' salad tomato hybrids were cultivated in a protected environment covered with agricultural film (FA) and another with polycarbonate (P) and under field conditions. The hybrids Thaise and Trucker showed high productivity 92.6 and 88.2 t ha-1 in the environment covered with polycarbonate, respectively. The fruits of the hybrid 'Thaíse' showed higher antioxidant activity.

Pará nut is an important forest species in the Amazon biome, and its economic exploitation is based on its timber and non-timber products, especially almonds. The northern region of Mato Grosso is mainly responsible for the production of Pará nuts in the state, and, moreover, for its edaphoclimatic conditions, has great potential for the development of homogeneous and intercropped production systems. In forest agroecosystems, especially homogeneous plantations, the occurrence of damage by pest insects is one of the main obstacles to productive success. In general, the orders Coleoptera and Blattodea (Termitoidea), are of high economic relevance since they can under certain management conditions cause deterioration of forest individuals, seedling mortality, damage to the root system, and other injuries. Thus, this work evaluated the occurrence of termites and coleobrocas in native and homogeneous systems of Pará nuts in the north of Mato Grosso. In the evaluation of coleobrocas (Subfamily Scolytinae) associated with these production systems, three Brazil nuts were studied: Native Anthropized Planting nut, Homogeneous Planting nut and Preserved Native Planting nut. In each environment, 12 modified Pet-Santa Maria traps were used during four sampling periods in the biennium (2018-2019). The collected material was identified at species level and the data submitted to faunal analysis, correlation and clustering. A total of 2,356 scolitans were sampled in 36 species in the three Brazil nut trees. Conserved Native Castanhal had the highest species richness (30), followed by Homogeneous Planting nut (27) and Anthropized Native Planting nut (27). The species Xyleborus affinis (Eichhoff, 1868) was classified as superdominant in the three environments, being considered a species of great economic importance for cultivated forest systems. The study of the occurrence of Cerambycidae coleobrocas was conducted in the area of the Homogeneous Planting nut with 12 ethanolic traps in four sampling periods between 2018 and 2019. In this survey a total of 28 individuals were distributed, distributed in 6 species, being Trachyderes succinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chlorida festiva (Linnaeus, 1758) the most representative, which are also recorded attacking several forest species of economic interest. Cerambicidae abundance was correlated with climatic variables (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation), with no significance. In order to study the occurrence and spatial distribution of termites in the Homogeneous Castanhal, a 40-point grid sampling was adopted, and at each point buried cellulosic traps were buried at 20 cm depth, which remained in the field for 40 days. A total of 1405 individuals were sampled, of which 396 (28.1%) belong to the genus Nasutitermes and 1009 (71.8%) to the species Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen, 1858). The spatial distribution analyzed by the Morisita index indicated that the distribution pattern is of the aggregate type. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the monitoring of coleobrocas and termites in native and homogeneous Pará nut systems are fundamental for the development of integrated pest management strategies, as well as for the understanding of the ecological dynamics of these agents in the systems forestry.

Maise (Zea mays L) belongs to the Poaceae family to the genus zea. It constitutes a species of great economic importance, in addition to having a relevant role for traditional populations and family farming, it also has great diversity of use, ranging from human food, animal feed and raw material for agro-industries of different branches. Being an allogamous species with one of the greatest genetic variability among species of cultivated plants, the result of human selection and climatic adaptations suffered by the species over time, which allows its production in different environments all over the world. For all these attributes, maize is present in most small rural properties and, in several of them, the cultivated varieties have been maintained and cultivated throughout the generations. Usually, the maize variety is selected and maintained by these farmers for certain specific purposes of their property (human and animal food, silage production, flours) and, over time, adapted to the management and characteristics of their growing region. The practice of cultivating low-tech Creole maize often occurs on family properties, especially subsistence ones. Under these conditions, the cultivation of Creole maize results in a satisfactory productive yield, allowing the producer to make use of the selected seeds from one crop to another, through the practice of mass selection of the most vigorous plants. The present work aimed to characterize the genetic divergence by means of morphological characters of local varieties of Creole maize grown in the municipality of CarlindaMT and to work with the use of experimentation in the development of a research with high school students of E. E. Frei Caneca using a variety of Creole maize of scientific methodology. Ten varieties acquired from the producers were selected and 16 morpho-agronomic characters were evaluated, eight quantitative and eight qualitative. For the characterization of genetic diversity, the Principal Component Analysis method was used, based on the measures of dissimilarities obtained with the Mahalanobis Distance, using the computational resource of the GENES program. Principal component analyzes were useful to indicate the xii characteristics that most influenced the response variable. The characters that most discriminated the varieties were ear height, number of grain rows and average ear diameter. The graphic dispersion based on the first two main components revealed the formation of two distinct groups among the ten evaluated varieties, showing the intraspecific genetic diversity of the genotypes. The use of experimentation in the classroom, with research involving Creole maize, based on scientific methods, was carried out with high school students. The activities carried out through the development of this experiment with theoretical and practical activities in a school environment allowed the student to develop, in addition to skills related to understanding the content, a critical awareness regarding the preservation of the environment with the use of sustainable production practices, in addition to allow the development of practical work. The study was carried out at the Frei Caneca State School, in the municipality of Carlinda - MT, from April to July 2019. The development of the research took place in meetings with theoretical and practical activities and whose final objective was to develop with the participants a scientific work with the evaluation of pollen viability and post meiotic index in a variety of Creole maize that was planted in the schoolyard for this purpose, also included the application of a pre-questionnaire and at the end a post-questionnaire with the objective of assessing learning during the project development process. The activities carried out through the development of this experiment with theoretical and practical activities in a school environment allow the student to develop, in addition to skills related to understanding the content, a critical awareness regarding the preservation of the environment with the use of sustainable production practices, in addition to allow the development of practical work. The use of knowledge and methodology produced in the scientific environment in the teaching of biology contents enabled, in addition to formal and non-formal educational practice and its complementarity and the development of scientific education / culture, also contributed to the strengthening of teamwork, companionship and greater interaction between the segments involved in the project, developing a strategy that contributed to popularize science, enrich formal education and reinforce alternative modes of learning.