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Dissertações |
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1
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DANIELE PAULA MALTEZO
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Genetic Diversity and Cytogenotoxicity of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae) native from the Amazon Mato-Grossense
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Orientador : ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI
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Data: 20/01/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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The Amazon Forest is the largest tropical forest in the world, with 60% belonging to the Brazilian territory, one third of the forest is located in the state of Mato Grosso. It is estimated that about 20% of all the planet's biodiversity is found in the Amazon. Among the species present in the Amazon, we highlight the Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., exploited mainly for the extraction of its oil-resin and wood, and also to be used in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Inadequate management of C. langsdorffii, as well as forest fragmentation, can cause a decrease in the number of individuals in the populations, which in the long run can cause the loss of genetic variability. This study aimed to perform the molecular characterization of 27 individuals of C. langsdorffii collected in the Amazon located in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, and to evaluate the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the species. For evaluation of genetic diversity, 12 ISSR primers were used, which amplified 106 fragments, 98.11% of which were polymorphic. The content of polymorphic information (PIC) of each primer varied between 0.45 and 0.81. The average dissimilarity found was 0.49. The greatest genetic variability is found within the groups and not between them. The percentage of polymorphism, values of genetic dissimilarity and indexes of genetic diversity, indicate that there is high genetic variability among C. langsdorffii individuals, suggesting that ISSR primers are efficient in detecting polymorphism in this species, and that the population has the potential to compose conservation programs and the ability to integrate germplasm banks. The assessment of toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential was performed using the Allium cepa test. The aqueous extracts (infused and decocted) obtained from the stem bark and leaves of C. langsdorffii were evaluated, with five different concentrations and two controls, with distilled water (negative control) and glyphosate at 1% (positive control). The growth of the root system (CSR), the mitotic index (MI), and the frequency of chromosomal changes and / or abnormalities in the phases of cell division were evaluated. The greatest reductions in CSR were found in decocted extracts (stem bark and leaves). For the stem bark, both extracts at concentration of 0.032 mg mL -1 showed lower MI. The concentrations 0.002 mg mL-1 of the infused bark extract and 0.004 mg mL-1 of the decocted leaf extract showed 4.19 and 3.55% of cell aberrations respectively, followed by the positive leaf control with 5.71%. The results showed the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the aqueous extracts of C. langsdorffii on the test organism.
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2
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MATHEUS SERGIO LUBIAN
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AGROBIODIVERSITY, PHENOLOGY AND GENETIC DIVERGENCE FROM TRADITIONAL VARIETIES OF Arachis hypogaea L. IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF ALTA FLORESTA - MT.
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Orientador : SERGIO ALESSANDRO MACHADO SOUZA
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Data: 21/01/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) belong to the Fabaceae family, the same as other crops known as beans, soybeans, lentils and peas. Its genus, Arachis, houses more than 80 species, some with economic importance, for human consumption, ornamentation or forage. This culture is very important for human food, very present in family farming, being one of the most cultivated oilseeds in the world. The objective of the study was to carry out a survey of the traditional varieties of A. hypogaea cultivated by farmers in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, and to evaluate genetic diversity through phenological attributes and morpho-agronomic descriptors. Eight traditional peanut varieties collected from rural communities in the interior of the municipality were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in the same municipality, and evaluated the genetic diversity of the varieties through vegetative, fruit and seed descriptors, in addition to vegetative and reproductive phenology. The data obtained in the interviews with the interviewed producers, as well as the phenological attributes and qualitative morpho-agronomic descriptors were submitted to descriptive statistics. The data from the quantitative morphoagonomic descriptors were subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means. Ten producers were interviewed, all male, aged between 50 and 84 years old, 20% of them retired. They have between 2 and 50 years of experience with the crop, and 80% of them stated that their seeds come from Mato Grosso. Its seeds are stored with pods, in nylon bags, burlap, water tanks and old refrigerators, or in PET bottles, without pods. The monoculture system predominates, only 10% carry out intercropping. All respondents cultivate for their own consumption, and 60% market grains and derivatives. All quantitative variables showed a significant difference at the level of 1% probability by the Tukey test. The cluster analysis by the Tocher method resulted in the formation of three groups, with group II covering 62.5% of the accessions, followed by group I with 25%, agreeing with the groupings formed from the dendogram generated by the UPGMA method, and the result of the graphic dispersion of varieties through canonical variables. The analysis of the canonical variables of the 14 quantitative characters showed that the first two variables explained 97.49% of the total variation. Plant height, mass of 100 grains, chlorophyll index and number of pods presented a greater relative contribution to genetic divergence. In the phenological evaluations it was verified that the accessions UNEMAT 024, 026 and 027 germinated first, 4 days after sowing. The appearance of flower buds in these varieties was also earlier, at 24 days. The accessions UNEMAT 021 and 022 showed the lowest phenological cycle, of 100 days, showing good adaptation to the environmental conditions of the region. In addition to helping producers to obtain better yields by choosing the most productive varieties, the present study also showed promising genetic materials that can be used in new breeding programs in the northern region of Mato Grosso.
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3
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TACIANE FABIANI
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Environmental restoration related to legislation and procedures required by SEMA in Mato Grosso
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Orientador : MARCO ANTONIO CAMILLO DE CARVALHO
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Data: 27/01/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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Abstract: In this dissertation, an evolution of environmental legislation was addressed, as well as a case study with the subsumption of the law in concrete projects to make forest restoration feasible, showing the efficiency of the methods applied by an environmental public policy. A traditional bibliographic research method was used, highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of the environmental issue since it is necessary to know several scientific areas. In the first chapter, a bibliographic survey of the evolution of the legislation regarding the protection of the environment was carried out; analysis of the importance of the rural environmental registry (CAR) as a method of controlling deforestation; and studying the terminology conflict between restoration, restoration, recovery, and restoration of native vegetation. In the second chapter, legal issues were analyzed in order to apply the theoretical perspectives of law in the concrete cases proposed by the SEMA (State Secretariat for the Environment) of Mato Grosso, and the project Olhos D'água da Amazônia was implemented for the documentary research. in the municipality of Alta Floresta (MT), in order to reduce deforestation and increase forest restoration rates, in order to recover APPs (permanent preservation areas). Also selected as a sample was a study carried out by ICV (Instituto Centro e Vida) in the Municipalities of Alta Floresta, Carlinda, and Paranaíta in the State of Mato Grosso, comparing the gain and loss of forest during the years 2008 to 2019. With the study it was it is possible to concretely make the general objective of the work viable, that is, demonstrate that an environmental public policy will be efficient if there is political will from the government, financial investment, involvement of specialists, and participation of society in the process of raising awareness of the importance of biodiversity conservation, as well as alignment of a sustainable economic development policy
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4
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FRANCIS JUNIOR ARAÚJO LOPES
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Arboreal and epigenic assemblages of Formicidae in different landscapes in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT, Brazil
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Orientador : JULIANA GARLET
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Data: 28/01/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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Ants are organisms found in the most varied terrestrial ecosystems with the exception of the poles, playing a multitude of ecological roles ranging from potential dispersers to predators or scavengers performing ecosystem services, which bring positive impacts to the environment. They are currently considered the largest group of social insects with more than 13,000 named species and an estimated biomass of more than 10,000 trillion individuals, which represents most of the animal biomass in tropical forests. Given the characteristics that this group of insects present: relatively developed taxonomy, easy sampling, high values of wealth and abundance in the varied ecosystems of the planet, they are characterized as bioindicator organisms. Thus, this research aimed to get to know the myrmecofauna in different plant formations in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT, and to understand how these organisms are structured in a native environment in relation to vertical stratification, where sampling was carried out in two strata (arboreal and epigenic) ) in a remnant of native vegetation in the municipality. In addition, restoration strategies used on a property in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT were evaluated by analyzing the composition (abundance and number of species) of the arboreal and epigenic assemblies of ants. For the sampling of ants, transects of 120 meters in length were established, both with five sampling points equidistant 20 meters from each other and in both sampling points a trap in the ground (pitfall of soil) and a trap in the vegetation (pitfall tree) were installed. ). The collected ants were placed in collecting pots containing 70% alcohol and taken to the State University of Mato Grosso where they were separated from the other collected arthropods, identified at the gender level and reviewed by a specialist. Ants showed values for both abundance and number of higher species in the epigenic stratum in relation to the arboreal stratum, the subfamily Myrmicinae being more frequent in both samples, both in the first and in the second chapter. In addition, the influence of the collection season (drought and rain) on the parameters abundance and number of species and a significant influence of nesting and turnover on the structure of beta diversity in the remaining forest was detected. In the evaluation of the restoration strategies, it was identified that the restoration areas showed diversity superior to pasture and forest fragment, in addition to forming a group distinct from the forest fragment in relation to the similarity in the composition of the ant assemblages, being more similar to the landscape of ants pasture.
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5
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WESLEI BUTTURI
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Mapping and characterization of forest restoration in three municipalities in northern Mato Grosso
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Orientador : VINICIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
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Data: 29/01/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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Few sources of information exist about secondary vegetation in Brazil, which consists of vegetation originating from areas that were deforested in previous years and later abandoned by use if they regenerated and / or were recomposed by human action. In Mato Grosso, many areas of environmental liabilities have been restored in recent years, due to legal requirements and / or abandonment of use. The objective of the present work, divided into two chapters, was to map and validate the forest restoration (RF) that occurred in the period from 2008 to 2019 and to analyze its spatial distribution over the network of rural properties, Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), Legal Reserves (RLs) and properties benefited by projects financed by the Amazon Fund in three municipalities in northern Mato Grosso. The study area comprised the municipalities of Alta Floresta, Carlinda and Paranaíta, which together totaled a total area of 1,616,537 ha. The mapping was performed through visual interpretation in freely accessible orbital images. The vectorization scale was 1: 25,000. The mapping validation was carried out through systematic sampling from the polygons that were located within a maximum radius of 50 meters from the axis of the municipal road network. A total of 567 sample areas were selected. All field work was carried out by land using a motor vehicle. To measure the accuracy of the mapping, the Global Accuracy, Conditional Kappa and Tau indexes were used. Net deforestation was calculated by subtracting the RF area from the PRODES / INPE deforestation area. For the spatial distribution analysis, digital cartographic bases of the property limits provided by ICV (2018), APP limits, property limits benefited by the Olhos D’Água da Amazônia (PRODAM) and Nascentes do Buriti projects were used. Rural properties were subdivided into five classes according to the number of fiscal modules (MF) being: Up to 1 MF; from 1 to 2 MF; from 2 to 4 MF; from 4 to 15 MF and above 15 MF. The size of the MF in the three municipalities according to INCRA is 100 hectares. The amount of RF for the period and for the study area was 14,605.1 ha and 7,302 polygons. The accuracy indices showed values of 95.5%, 91.1% and 90.9% respectively, with performance classified as excellent. The average height of vegetation in the sample areas was 7.11 meters. Alta Floresta had
the highest number of polygons, 4,449, and the largest area, 9,975.4 ha of RF. Carlinda had the best net deforestation balance - 103.7 ha. Paranaíta had lesser performance both in the quantity of RF and in the net deforestation balance. The rural property class above 15 MF was the one that stood out the most, with the highest number of polygons, the largest area and the highest percentage of properties with an incidence of RF. The RF focused more heavily on areas of APP compared to RL. The environmental liability in APP was 22,328.69 ha in the entire study area until the year 2019. The incidence of RF on the areas of APPD between the years 2016 to 2019 was only 7.9%. The PRODAM project was able to achieve its initially proposed goal of recomposing 1,200 ha of forest, while the Nascentes do Buriti project has so far reached 14.3% of the initially proposed goal. Despite efforts, the two projects contributed 9.5% of all RF in the entire study area. The entire database used in the analysis of this work is openly available through the link: https://arcg.is/0qKjCi.
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6
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WILLIAN TSUYOSHI KUME
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ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLE IN CORN CULTURE NUTRITION
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Orientador : GUSTAVO CAIONE
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Data: 01/02/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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Corn is the most cultivated cereal in the world and has great economic relevance, since it is used as a raw material for multiple sectors. Thus, proper crop management is essential especially when aiming higher yields and grains with better quality. In this context, Zn stands out since its deficiency is one of the most limiting factors for the development of culture. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed treatment with doses of Zn in the form of sulfate and in the form of nanoparticles on the germination and seedling development, the effect of doses of Zn in nutrient solution and foliar fertilization with doses and sources of Zn in corn. The first experiment was in a 4x2 factorial scheme with doses (0, 20, 40, 80 g kg-1 of seed) and sources of Zn (ZnSO4 and ZnO 60 nm) and the second experiment with sources of Zn (ZnSO4, ZnO 60 nm and ZnO 40 nm). For both experiments, the DBC with four replications was applied and the seedling and root length, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass, root volume, IVG and germination rate were evaluated. The field experiment was carried out in the city of Alta Floresta - MT in a RED YELLOW OXISOL. DBC was used in a 4x2 factorial scheme with doses (0, 250, 500 and 1000 g ha-1) and sources (ZnSO4 and ZnO 40 nm) with four replications and foliar application in stage R1. At the end of the experiment, productivity, ear diameter, mass of 100 grains, number of rows per ear and Zn content in the grains were evaluated. The hydroponics experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the DBC was used with doses of Zn (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mL L-1). At the end of the experiment, the shoot and root length, stem diameter, root volume, shoot dry mass, protein and micronutrient content were evaluated. The application of nanometric sources in the treatment of seeds promoted greater IVG, green and dry mass, length of the aerial and root parts in relation to the sulfate source. Comparing the nanometric sources, the 40 nm source promoted a higher green mass value of the aerial part, suggesting a greater absorption of the smaller size oxide source. In the field experiment there was no significant difference in the analyzed variables. This fact suggests that the Zn content present in the soil was sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of the corn hybrid used. Regarding the Zn content in the grain, more than one application of the micronutrient is recommended during the culture cycle. It was evident in the hydroponics experiment the lowest corn development when deficient in micronutrient. The group with dose 0 showed lower values for growth variables. In addition, nutritional imbalance was observed through the greater accumulation of Fe, Mn and B due to Zn deficiency. Also, it was found that the excess of micronutrient promoted lower values of shoot dry mass, stem diameter and root volume compared to the ideal dose (1 mL L-1) due to the phytotoxic effect.
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7
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TATIANE DEOTI PELISSARI
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Soy in the Brazilian Amazon
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Orientador : MENDELSON GUERREIRO DE LIMA
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Data: 25/02/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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Livestock and soy are the main drivers of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. The purpose of this work was to verify the conversion of natural areas for soy planting after the Soy Moratorium, between the crop years 2009/2010 to 2017/2018. To evaluate the deforested areas, images were used via remote sensing of the Landsat satellites made available by the Global Forest Change database, with files containing 8-bit values, with a spatial resolution of one second of arc per pixel, or approximately 30 meters per pixel in the equator. The areas cultivated with soy were identified with the PCEI index (Perpendicular Crop Enhancement Index). Boxplots were built to demonstrate the variation of the variables evaluated over the time series. To check the trend of variables over the years, the Man-Kendall test was applied, followed by the Pettitt test to identify the probable point of change with the significant trend at 0.005 for the Pettitt test. All analyzes were performed with R software with the aid of the “ggplot2”, “trend”, “ManKendall” and “factoextra” packages. In the 2017/2018 crop year, soy was present in seven Amazonian states, with the exception of Amazonas and Maranhão and occupying an area of 5,237,640 hectares (ha). The states with the largest planting areas were Mato Grosso (4,453,053 ha), Pará (565,541 ha) and Rondônia (95,934 ha). The states with the largest areas of deforestation were Pará and Mato Grosso and the trend test showed that the probable year of change was 2006 for the state of Mato Grosso, which coincides with the year of implementation of the Soy Moratorium. As of 2009, 12,413,267 ha have been deforested. Of this total, 359,606 ha were converted into soybean areas. This represents only 2.90% of all deforestation in the Amazon in the period. Our results show that cattle ranching remains the main driver of deforestation in the Amazon and that the public policies that have existed so far have not been sufficient to contain deforestation.
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8
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THAIS LOURENÇONI
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Evaluation of the Soy Moratorium with data from PRODES and ImazonGeo
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Orientador : CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
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Data: 25/02/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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Monitoring programs in the Amazon are essential to contribute to the identification of illegal deforestation and thus guide decision making by Organs responsible agencies. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify the expansion of soybean farming in disagreement with the Soy Moratorium (MS) in the Amazon biome of Mato Grosso over the years 2008 to 2019. Data from PRODES (Deforestation Calculation Program in the Amazon), ImazonGeo (Geoinformation Program on the Amazon) and the Perpendicular Vegetation Crop Enhancement Index (PCEI) were used. The Kernel Density Estimator (DK) was applied to verify the areas (polygons) of major occurrences converted from forest-soybean and the Pettitt and Mann-Kendall test were applied to identify trends throughout the time series. The results showed that during the period from August 2008 to October 2019, 1,387,288 hectares were deforested according to PRODES data and 108,411 hectares were replaced by soybeans. ImazonGeo data showed 729,204 hectares deforested and 46,182 hectares converted to soybean areas. Based on the deforestation polygons of the two PRODES and ImazonGeo databases, the DK estimator indicated that the regions with the highest occurrences at odds with the MS were in the South, Southeast and East. The municipalities with the largest areas at odds with MS were Feliz Natal with 11.,169 hectares and Tabaporã with 9,865 hectares according to PRODES data and Feliz Natal with 6,157 hectares and Nova Ubiratã with 4,786 hectares according to ImazonGeo. The results indicate that the PRODES system presented, in all cases, greater variability in the data and means statistically superior to the ImazonGeo.
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9
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IAGO MANUELSON DOS SANTOS LUZ
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Conflicts with white leap peccary (Tayassu pecari) and Farmers in the South of the Brazilian Amazon
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Orientador : MENDELSON GUERREIRO DE LIMA
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Data: 26/02/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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In recent years in Brazil, invasive species in cultivation areas have been raising concern among farmers due to damage and losses in production. A study carried out in the Parque Nacional das Emas, for example, shows a daily consumption of 1.9 kg of corn by the white leap peccaries (WLP) (Tayassu pecari). However, these invasions are driven by deforestation that causes forest fragmentation, loss of habitat and reduced availability of resources, forcing fauna to explore agro-ecosystems in search of food. An example of this is the situation of the WLP. While they have disappeared from much of the country, they are still abundant and live in conflict with corn farmers in the state of Mato Grosso. Thus, this species, resilient to the impacts of forest fragmentation, is now seen as a pest specie by farmers. Due to this conflicting relationship, this work was divided into two chapters and had two main objectives. The first estimated the economic impacts caused by the WLP on corn production on a single property in the south of the Brazilian Amazon. The second assessed the dispersed functional connectivity of the WLP in an environment with an agricultural matrix, to use as a predictive model of areas to be invaded and aiming at guiding producers regarding this possibility. For the first objective, we used a property in the municipality of Alta Floresta, with 1,100 hectares of corn crops. In this property we randomized 50 collection points, all around the crop, represented by one hectare each, composed of six treatments (distances from the edge of the forest fragment), divided into five repetitions of 10 linear meters of corn, where the whole and damaged corn stalks were counted. We calculated the percentage of damaged corn stalks at each point, extracting an average loss for the points analyzed, being extrapolated to the entire crop. For the second, we used data on the presence and absence of white-lipped peccaries, acquired through visits to properties that grew corn in the 2018/19 crop year in Alta Floresta, Carlinda and Paranaíta in the state of Mato Grosso. With the ArcGis Software and orbital scenes from the CBERS-04A satellite (China-Brazil Earth-Resources Satellite), we identify forest fragments and crops to quantify connection rates through the Conefor Sensinode 2.6 plugin, through the integral connectivity index (IIC). We found 1.25% of damaged plants throughout the property, representing a loss of R $ 34,344.75 for the owner. Crops were invaded at a rate of up to 300 meters in connection with forest fragments. Even low damage rates are not tolerated by farmers. This intolerance and persecution promoted by farmers may compromise the survival of the WLP in the agricultural frontier areas in the Amazon. One of the solutions to avoid conflicts would be for crops to be cultivated at least 300 meters away from the nearest forest fragment.
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10
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MARIANE KAORI SASAYA
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Aspects of germination and morphological description of Seedling in different pHs of native forest species used in forest restoration programs in the Southern Amazon.
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Orientador : JULIANA GARLET
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Data: 10/03/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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The demand for silvicultural knowledge aimed at native species in Brazil, in recent years, has increased significantly, mainly due to incentives for the restoration of riparian forests and the recovery of degraded areas, since the success of the implementation of reforestation programs depends on basic information about the species to be used. Since the study of environmental and edaphic limiting factors such as pH in germination and seedling development contribute to the choice of species for adverse situations in the field and consequently in implementing forest restoration. And the seedling morphological studies help in the botanical identification, contributing with the recognition of the seedling species in forest formations. However, little is known about the characteristics of native forest species due to the scarcity of studies carried out with species mainly in the Southern Amazon. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH on germination and on the development of seedlings of forest species native to the Southern Amazon. And yet, perform the morphological description of the germination process to the seedling by means of illustration of species used in forest restoration programs in the region. In the analysis of the pH influence, in the germination test with the following species: Bauhinia ungulata; Cecropia pachystachya; Chloroleucon tortum; Colubrina glandulosa; Enterolobium schomburgkii.; Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.; Samanea tubulosa; Parkia pendula; and Senna multijuga. Wetting was carried out using solutions with regulated pH: 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0; 8.0; 9.0; 10.0; and 11.0. And the percentage of final germination and the germination speed index were determined, as well as shoot length, radicle length, total length, and weight through seedling morphometric analysis. The germination tests were conducted in a completely randomized design, and the data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post-hoc test with Bonferroni-type p-value adjustment (p <0.05). The description and morphological illustration of the germination process until seedling were carried out by monitoring the development of normal seedlings. For most of the analyzed species, there was a decrease in the values of the variables analyzed at extreme pHs, especially at pH 2 and 11. However, for all species analyzed, for a wide pH range tested, the species presented satisfactory germination rate, where they presented excellent performance at pH 5. As for the morphometric description, the characteristics observed in the three stages of seedling development, can assist as guides in the identification of species in the seedling phase in the field, as well how to help distinguish between normal and abnormal seedlings.
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11
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VERA LUCIA PEGORINI ROCHA
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Leaf anatomy and histochemistry of six species of the genus Xylopia (Annonaceae) occurring in southern Amazonia
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Orientador : IVONE VIEIRA DA SILVA
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Data: 30/03/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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As it has one of the richest biological diversity on the planet, Brazil has a vast potential for research with vegetables that substantiate secondary metabolites, among which we can mention the species of the genus Xylopia L. Xylopia produces a variety of secondary metabolites and has been investigated as a source potential of compounds that exhibit a wide variety of biological properties. Secondary metabolites are not directly related to plant growth and development, but assume functional characteristics that allow them to respond to environmental stimuli; in the same way that possible changes in the anatomy of species can perform functions that suggest a certain adaptive degree. In this sense, this study had as main objective to investigate Xylopia species occurring in different areas in the southern Amazon of Mato Grosso, seeking to characterize and compare anatomically and histochemically six species of the genus, in addition, we investigate possible adaptive characteristics of Amazonian Xylopia in different communities vegetables from the region. To carry out the study, we used leaves of tree species of the genus Xylopia, which were subjected to the usual methodologies for anatomical and histochemical research. The research is organized in two chapters, the first deals with the description and anatomical and histochemical comparison of the species: Xylopia amazonica, X. aromatica, X.benthamii, X. frutescens, X. neglecta and X. sericea, where it was possible to verify that the species have shared anatomical characteristics, such as paracitic stomata, epidermal cells with straight walls, thin cuticle, bulky substomatic chambers and secretory channels. As well as the results referring to histochemical tests, which also revealed similarity between species, since of the ten tests performed, five reacted positively in all species. The compounds present in the species, perform ecological functions related to adaptations to the environment, such as reduced sweating, water storage, defense against herbivory and antifungal action. Despite the large number of shared characteristics, it was possible to separate them into groups, where the species X. frutescens and X. sericea are the most similar among the six. The results obtained are able to assist in taxonomic studies in the circumstance in which they suggest greater kinship between the species X. frutescens and X. sericea and X. amazonica and X. aromatica. The second chapter revealed that four anatomical attributes differ between the studied sites, namely, stomatal size, central rib bundle thickness, palisade parenchyma thickness and leaf wing thickness, thus, the mean annual precipitation and the seasonality index also influenced the variation of these tissues, except the thickness of the leaf wing. Although some attributes do not vary between sites and are not related to environmental variables, they showed a higher value for intraspecific variability, such as the thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, stomatal density and thickness of the lacunous parenchyma. This study shows that X. amazônica presents a difference in the anatomical attributes between the different sites and that these differences are closely linked to environmental factors, more especially the average annual precipitation.
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12
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LUANA MARQUES CAMPOS
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Area conversion: effects on phosphorus dynamics and fertility of Amazonian soils
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Orientador : GUSTAVO CAIONE
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Data: 11/05/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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The process of opening and transforming forest areas into planted pastures, changes the dynamics of the environment, changes the cycling and availability of nutrients, with P being one of the most affected elements. Thus, the objective was to verify the changes in the chemical attributes of the soil and in the fractions of P in Amazonian soils cultivated with unfertilized pastures and with different opening times in relation to an area of native forest. The study was carried out in a Dystrophic RED LATOSOL and a Dystrophic RED-YELLOW ARGISOL. This research deals with an observational study where 6 areas were studied and the variables were the chemical attributes of the soil and the fractions of phosphorus in two depths (00-10 and 10-20 cm). The plots consisted of pasture areas of different ages, in Nova Guarita, MT, the pasture areas of 15 and 30 years old and adjacent native forest; in Alta Floresta, MT, the pasture areas of 20 and 35 years old and adjacent native forest. Within each plot, four experimental units were separated with dimensions of 10x50 m. Within each experimental unit, ten simple random soil samples were collected in the 00-10 and 10-20 cm layers. There was an effect of the opening time of the areas on the chemical attributes and fractions of phosphorus for LVd and PVAd. The nutrient content decreased in the studied pasture areas, in both soils, with the exception of the Ca and Mg content in the 35 years old pasture area, a fact that may be associated with animal supplementation. Phosphorus fractions considered labile decreased and non-labile fractions increased in both soils in pasture areas, as the opening time increased. The advance of land use time significantly influenced the chemical attributes and forms of phosphorus in the soil in the pasture areas compared to the native forest areas.
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13
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JULIANA SOBREIRA ARGUELHO
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Plants of the Future: Will species used in forest restoration support climate change in the Cerrado-Amazon Transition?
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Orientador : PEDRO VASCONCELLOS EISENLOHR
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Data: 13/05/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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Future climate changes and modifications in land use and land cover are anthropic processes of threats to global biodiversity. For the conservation and restoration processes of impacted areas to be efficient, it is necessary to investigate the effects of climate change on local plant species. Here, we aim to understand which plant species, which are being used in the recovery process of impacted areas of the Cerrado-Amazon Transition, will support future climates. To verify whether species used in forest restoration will find suitable areas in the future throughout this transition, we model, using niche-based models, their present potential distributions by projecting them into the future climate (2070). We used eight modeling algorithms, three global climate models (GCMs) and selected models based on True Skill Statistic (TSS). The post hoc chi-square test showed significant differences among the present, optimistic future and pessimistic future for 45 species of the 48 modeled species. Our results indicated 15 species as most promising for restoration in the Cerrado-Amazon Transition considering future climate change scenarios. Ensemble models showed that climate change is expected to alter the geographic distribution of all selected species (15 species) and not selected (29 species), with that, we observe how the anthropic actions in relation to the climatic changes can modify the distributions of these species, with high suitability for some and low or loss of suitability for others, modifying the landscape and possibly the traditional life of many people who live from these species in the Transition Cerrado-Amazon region.
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14
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WALINGSON DA SILVA DA COSTA
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SISTEMA WEB PARA PRÉ PROCESSAMENTO E ANÁLISE DE DADOS METEOROLÓGICOS
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Orientador : RIVANILDO DALLACORT
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Data: 27/05/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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Knowledge of meteorological conditions is essential for decision-making in agro-ecosystems, requiring precise information on the climate and atmospheric conditions. For that, some steps are required to be built. Data collection is the initial step for this process, however, it is subject to errors that will inevitably hinder subsequent analyzes and knowledge generation, resulting in erroneous decisions. The information needed to build knowledge is not always available or is reliable. Therefore, mechanisms for treatment, analysis and forecasts are essential in the management of agro-ecosystems, ensuring efficiency and assertiveness in decisions. The objective of this work is to describe the functioning of PAP Meteor (Preparation, Analysis and Forecast of Meteorological data), applying data provided by the National Meteorological Institute (INMET) in a surface meteorological station in the municipality of Matupá MT and Sinop MT. PAP Meteor is a system (WEB) developed with the Python programming language, subdivided into 3 modules. The pre-processing module is responsible for reading the database and returning its main information, in addition to identifying anomalies and imputing missing records. The exploratory analysis module performs a statistical summary of the data, correlation analysis in addition to exploring the data with dynamic tables and graphs. In the Matupá meteorological data, inconsistencies in temperature and precipitation were identified, in addition to 55.1% of failure in the records, in Sinop the failures add up to 28%. The system was efficient in imputing missing data on temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. In Matupá, temperatures vary between 10 and 40 ° C with annual averages of 33 ° C with a positive upward trend. Precipitation is prevalent in the months of January to April and from October to December. PAP Meteor can contribute to the knowledge generation process, contributing to greater sustainability and rationalization of resources in agro-ecosystems.
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15
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VICENTE PATARAICO JUNIOR
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YIELD, BIOCHEMISTRY AND ECOPHYSIOLOGY OF HYBRIDS TOMATO PLANTS GROWING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
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Orientador : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
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Data: 15/07/2021
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Mostrar Abstract
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The use of protected cultivation systems for tomato plants has corroborated the agronomic viability of the crop, but plastic coverings and/or polycarbonate can bring a different dynamic regarding production in regions with humid tropical climate by interfering in the environmental conditions of cultivation for the species. The present study aims to analyze physiological and productive aspects of tomato hybrids of determined habit of the salad group influenced by protected cultivation environments covered with polycarbanate and agricultural film and open field, in summer cultivation in a transition region between Cerrado and Amazon, in Sinop /Mt. 'Thaise', 'Trucker' and 'DS0060' salad tomato hybrids were cultivated in a protected environment covered with agricultural film (FA) and another with polycarbonate (P) and under field conditions. The hybrids Thaise and Trucker showed high productivity 92.6 and 88.2 t ha-1 in the environment covered with polycarbonate, respectively. The fruits of the hybrid 'Thaíse' showed higher antioxidant activity.
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