Dissertations/Thesis

2024
???dissertacoes???
1
  • LARISSA LEMES DOS SANTOS
  • ESTABELECIMENTO DE PROTOCOLO DE EXTRAÇÃO DE DNA E ANÁLISE DA DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA DE Mouriri guianensis AUBL.

     

  • Advisor : ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI
  • Data: Feb 20, 2024


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  • Belonging to the Melastomataceae family, Mouriri guianensis Aubl., popularly known as "roncador", is a fruit tree consumed fresh by the population and ichthyofauna. It possesses medicinal properties for the treatment of various ailments and is recommended for beekeepers as bees are its primary pollinators. Therefore, it is of great interest to researchers due to its ecological, economic, and medicinal potential. The objective of this study was to establish a DNA extraction protocol for the species Mouriri guianensis and to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of natural populations using ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) molecular markers. Leaf material sampling was conducted in four populations naturally occurring in the Pantanal biome (Barão do Melgaço, Rio São Lourenço, and Rio Jauru) and the Amazon (Rio Sepotuba). DNA extraction was based on the CTAB (Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide) method, and DNA amplification tests were performed via PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). For genetic diversity and population structure analyses, amplification tests were conducted, and subsequently, 8 (eight) primers were selected. DNA extraction protocols for M. guianensis containing the highest CTAB concentrations (5%) were the most efficient, affecting the quality and quantity of extracted DNA and providing a product of greater integrity. Efficiency was also determined by PCR amplification reactions. Regarding molecular characterization, the 8 ISSR primers amplified a total of 127 fragments, of which 98% were polymorphic. AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular Variance) revealed that the greatest genetic diversity was among populations (52%), with the highest diversity indices found for the Rio Jauru population (H=0.28; I=0.41, and P%=71.65). For the dissimilarity matrix, the shortest distance occurred between individuals 9 and 10 (0.15), both from the Rio Sepotuba population, while individuals 5 (Rio Sepotuba) and 32 (Rio Jauru) (0.76) were the furthest apart. Clustering by the UPGMA method formed five distinct groups, with individuals grouped according to collection location; for example, the 14 individuals from the Rio Sepotuba population were allocated to the first group. Bayesian analysis revealed the formation of two main genetic groups according to different biomes, with UPGMA also forming groups using the same criterion, although within the Pantanal biome, there was a subdivision into collection locations. Principal Coordinates Analysis corresponded to UPGMA and Bayesian clustering, highlighting the isolation of the Rio Sepotuba population (Amazon). The DNA extraction protocol with 5% CTAB (with Proteinase K) enabled PCR amplification of the samples. ISSR molecular markers showed genetic diversity among Mouriri guianensis individuals, revealing the first evidence of population structuring for the species among collection locations and the original biome. The greatest diversity was found at the interpopulation level, with the Rio Jauru Pantanal population exhibiting the highest diversity, and the only Amazonian population (Rio Sepotuba) being the most genetically isolated. The species native to the Amazon and Pantanal Matogrossense demonstrates potential for ensuring its maintenance and effective conservation.

2
  • VANDERSON ELIEL MEIRA
  • FRUTOS DO BORDÃO DE VELHO (Samanea tubulosa) PODEM MELHORAR A ALIMENTAÇÃO DE BOVINOS EM SISTEMAS DE PRODUÇÃO A PASTO NA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA

  • Advisor : ALEXANDRE DE AZEVEDO OLIVAL
  • Data: Mar 11, 2024


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  • Livestock farming plays a fundamental role in the Brazilian economy, with the country being the global leader in commercial cattle farming and maintaining a vast herd of around 209 million head. However, the productivity of pasture-based systems still faces challenges related to the inadequate management of animals, plants and soils, leading to the degradation of pastures and the replacement of these areas with crops, with detrimental consequences such as loss of biodiversity, deforestation and decreased soil fertility. Grazing systems offer advantages in terms of reduced costs, but face limitations due to the quality of tropical forage, are affected by seasonal cycles in tropical regions with a reduction in the availability food during the dry season, as well as challenges associated with animal welfare. To face these challenges, it is important to adopt management practices that benefit animal health, reduce external inputs, use local inputs, optimize the efficiency of production systems and combine animal and forage species. An interesting approach is the use of tree species whose leaves and fruit can be used in animal feed, because as well as improving the nutritional value of the diet, they provide shade and thermal comfort for the animals and can also have a positive impact on the soil. The aim of this research is to assess the potential for using the fruit of Samanea tubulosa, known as bordão de velho, in the northern region of Mato Grosso, in cattle feed on pasture. The research work is divided into three chapters: the first investigates the morphological characteristics of Samanea tubulosa trees present in pastures and their relationship with visual aspects of forage quality and availability; the second evaluates the nutritional quality of the fruits of this species through bromatological analysis and in vitro digestibility and fermentation; finally, the third chapter examines the differences in behavior and weight gain of animals supplemented with the fruits of the tree compared to animals on traditional pastures. The results point to the great potential of Samanea tubulosa as a key species for pasture systems in the Amazon region, given its favorable conformation for intercropping with forage plants, not interfering negatively with pasture availability, its nutritional potential, given the crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrate contents, and the greater weight gain of the pasture animals supplemented with its fruit.

3
  • DANIEL HENRIQUE DOS SANTOS
  • INTERCONEXÕES AMBIENTAIS E CLIMÁTICAS: IMPACTOS DOS INCÊNDIOS FLORESTAIS NA AMAZÔNIA MATOGROSSENSE

  • Advisor : CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
  • Data: Mar 26, 2024


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    Forest fires generate environmental, socioeconomic, climate, air and water quality, economic, human health, sharp biodiversity decline, and high greenhouse gas emissions damages. This study utilized remote sensing to examine interactions between fire severity and other climatic variables, the behavior of variables by mesoregion, and the identification of trends and likely change points. The study area covered the Amazon biome in the state of Mato Grosso, measuring variables such as dNBR (Burned areas and Normalized Burn Ratio), precipitation, LST (Land Surface Temperature), SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index), NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), and VCI (Vegetation Condition Index). Statistical tests used included Shapiro-Wilk, Tukey, regression kriging, Mann-Kendall for trend analysis, Pettitt for identifying probable change points, and finally, a canonical variable test. The data followed a normal distribution, with only LST showing a mean differentiation, particularly in the Northeast mesoregion as the group with the greatest temperature impact. Regarding trends, only LST showed a significant trend, with a probable change point identified in 2009, indicating the beginning of the trend. dNBR had positive correlations with NDVI and VCI and negative correlations with precipitation and SPI. Canonical analysis revealed that the northern mesoregion had a positive influence on dNBR and NDVI and a negative influence on precipitation, SPI, and VCI, while the southwestern mesoregion had a positive influence on dNBR and LST and a negative influence on precipitation, SPI, and VCI. Finally, the Northeast and Central-South mesoregions had positive influences on precipitation, SPI, VCI, and LST, and negative influences on dNBR and NDVI. dNBR had a negative correlation with precipitation and SPI, consistent with the literature, suggesting that for the Amazon vegetation, lower local humidity increases fire susceptibility and severity. LST had a correlation only with NDVI, indicating that local temperature can interfere with large-scale vegetation functionalities, posing a major global environmental concern. Canonical analysis showed that the northern mesoregion was most affected by the variables, excluding LST, being the region closest to the central Amazon Forest, where dNBR impact was most pronounced. This region exhibited greater sensitivity due to the agricultural frontier presence, containing higher fire frequency and impact.

4
  • JULIANA FRANK DE SOUZA GIOCONDO
  • LACUNAS NO RESGATE DE ABELHAS SEM FERRÃO (HYMENOPTERA; MELIPONINI) EM EMPREENDIMENTOS HIDRELÉTRICOS AMAZÔNICOS

  • Advisor : MENDELSON GUERREIRO DE LIMA
  • Data: Mar 27, 2024


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    xii

    Stingless bees (ASF) (Hymenoptera: Meliponini) are insects belonging to the order Hymenoptera, the largest taxonomic group of insects comprising bees, wasps and ants. They are important pollinators of angiosperms in natural and agricultural ecosystems and are crucial for food production. The populations of these bees have been severely affected for various reasons, including the construction of hydroelectric power plants. The construction of hydroelectric projects requires changes to the landscape and causes significant environmental damage, as it causes flooding in large areas of forest, fragmenting and reducing habitat, preventing gene flow, interrupting the natural course of rivers, destroying local fauna and flora and interfering with intense human occupation; among other impacts. Many of these bee species have not yet been identified or cataloged and are unknown to the scientific community. Therefore, the objectives of this work were: to survey the diversity of ASF species that occur in the northern region of Mato Grosso in the south of the Brazilian Amazon; to identify the success rates of meliponid rescue during the plant suppression phase at the UHE Teles Pires and UHE Colíder hydroelectric projects; among others. With regard to the results, the number of nests rescued varied greatly: the area of vegetation suppressed at HPP Teles Pires was 152 km2 and 164 nests were found, and at HPP Colíder it was 143.5 km2, in which 2683 nests were rescued. However, the number of species was close in the two areas, suggesting differences in the collection efficiency of the rescue teams, as the nest abundance values are discrepant when comparing the two areas. As a result, it is clear that there are gaps in the planning, rescue and scientific rescue of meliponids in the hydroelectric projects in question, where the opening up of new areas has a direct impact on the conservation and preservation of various groups of fauna, and it is the responsibility of environmental agencies such as IBAMA to issue licenses and supervise the works. In addition, the identification of bee species generated faunal inventories where the information can support the planning of future projects that make alternative use of the land, which is extremely important for knowledge of biodiversity, as well as enabling the development of new methodologies for the rescue and salvage of meliponids.

     

     

5
  • DANIELA BATISTA DE MELLO
  • DESVENDANDO DESAFIOS DA PROTEÇÃO DA BIODIVERSIDADE: RESGATE E DESTINAÇÃO DE ANIMAIS SILVESTRES EM MATO GROSSO

  • Advisor : MENDELSON GUERREIRO DE LIMA
  • Data: Mar 28, 2024


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  • Despite the rich diversity of wildlife in Brazil, approximately 1,182 species face the risk of extinction, raising concerns about environmental protection and ecological balance. Despite the creation of laws, environmental agencies, and public policies aimed at protecting wildlife, there has been an increase in the removal of animals from their natural habitats, along with a scarcity of studies dedicated to the theme, compromising conservation efforts. Mato Grosso has been facing environmental challenges, such as impacts caused by economic activities. Thus, this research aims to analyze the rescue, seizure, and destination of wildlife in Mato Grosso, with emphasis on birds, reptiles, and mammals, as part of the ongoing conservation effort. Through the collection and analysis of data provided by SEMA-MT, it was possible to obtain an overview of wildlife rescue and management in the state, identifying limitations and gaps in records, dominant groups, origin, management, mortality and survival rates, and their destination. From 2015 to April 2022, 2,232 rescues were recorded, with 1,636 birds, 369 mammals, and 227 reptiles. There was mortality of 336 wild animals, and 1,711 of them could return to nature. While 149 animals were immediately released, and 184 underwent gradual release, 260 collected animals were referred for specialized treatment before being released into nature. Additionally, there are challenges to be overcome in wildlife rescue and destination actions in Mato Grosso, such as gaps in records and deficiencies in information description. Therefore, this study highlights the importance and need to create a comprehensive approach to wildlife conservation, emphasizing the need for effective measures, improvement of records, and greater attention to challenges to promote the protection of wildlife.

6
  • JOSIANE SIQUEIRA NUNES MOUZINHO
  • INFLUÊNCIA DA Samanea tubulosa NA DISPONIBILIDADE E QUALIDADE DA FORRAGEM E FERTILIDADE DE SOLO EM ÁREAS DE PASTAGENS

  • Advisor : ALEXANDRE DE AZEVEDO OLIVAL
  • Data: Apr 25, 2024


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  • Conscientious management of natural resources in livestock farming, especially in pasture-based production systems, is crucial to ensuring environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. Faced with the common challenge of pasture degradation, it is essential to adopt sustainable practices to preserve the quality of the soil and vegetation. One promising approach is the silvopastoral system, which integrates livestock production with the cultivation of fodder and trees, such as Samanea tubulosa. Based on other research already carried out and the common use of this species in pastures in the northern region of Mato Grosso, this study aimed to analyze the impact of the presence of S. tubulosa on the availability and quality of forage, as well as soil fertility on three properties with different levels of pasture management intensity. Over the course of twelve months, data was collected using exclusion cages to measure pasture availability and bromatological analysis to assess crude protein (CP), lignin (Lignin), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and mineral matter (MM) content, as well as physical and chemical analysis of the soil. In general, the presence of S. tubulosa led to better soil conditions and pasture availability and quality, increasing the levels of CP and MM, increasing the availability of CP per hectare, increasing the levels of macronutrients, pH, cation exchange capacity, organic matter and sum of basis. The results were observed especially in the area under the canopy and grazing management considered to be of medium intensity. The results indicate the potential of this species to be better used in grazing areas as well as the limits of the benefits observed, reinforcing the importance of combining a good silvicultural arrangement in the system and good grazing management practices

2023
???dissertacoes???
1
  • ROSELINE DA SILVA MELO
  • EXTRATOS DE Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. NO CONTROLE DE Atta sexdens L. (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE).

  • Advisor : JULIANA GARLET
  • Data: Feb 24, 2023


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  • The use of compounds derived from plants can be a promising strategy for the control of leaf-cutting ants and other insect pests, providing opportunities for the discovery of new molecules that degrade more quickly, control more selectively and cause less damage to the environment. This insecticidal action of botanical species is due to the production of secondary metabolites that can cause death or adverse effects on insect pests. The species Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. belonging to the Malvaceae family, it is popularly known in Brazil as pente-de-macaco. And according to preliminary studies it can be promising as an insecticide, being a possible alternative to control leaf-cutting ants. The objective of this study was to analyze the insecticidal potential of different extracts and their fractions of Apeiba tibourbou in the control of Atta sexdens L workers. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized experimental design, with 10 repetitions (the experimental unit consisted of ten ants). . The study was carried out by the contact and ingestion method using the crude extract of the leaf and bark and also fractioning it into chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane fractions in concentrations of: 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1%. In the contact bioassay, topical application of 0.2 ml of the crude extract and the fractions obtained with the aid of a spray bottle was performed on the worker ants. In the ingestion bioassay, the crude extract and the fractions obtained at the same concentrations as in the contact bioassay were incorporated into the diet. The control was used to evaluate the survival of the ants with reference to temperature, humidity, handling and solvent effect. The flasks containing the ants were kept in a B.O.D. type climatized chamber at 26 ± 2°C, and a 12-hour photophase. The evaluations occurred by quantifying the number of dead ants every 24 hours. After the analyzes carried out, the corrected mortalities averages showed efficiency above 90% for the crude extract of the bark and the leaf in a period of 144 hours. The chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed superior insecticidal activity to control Atta sexdens, differing from the hexane fraction. It was observed that higher concentrations are more efficient in killing ants, causing a reduction in the number of live ants in the experiment. Based on the results of this study, the species Apeiba tibourbou showed insecticidal potential, being promising for the development of new studies and products to control Atta sexdens.

2
  • VALDINETE DA SILVA
  • MORTALIDADE DA CASTANHEIRA DO BRASIL (Bertholletia excelsa) EM PAISAGENS ABERTAS NA AMAZÔNIA BRASILEIRA

  • Advisor : MENDELSON GUERREIRO DE LIMA
  • Data: Feb 24, 2023


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  • A Bertholletia excelsa, também conhecida como castanha-do-brasil ou castanheira, é uma espécie arbórea pertencente à família Lecythidaceae. É endêmica do domínio Amazônico e nesse ambiente tem como habitat as áreas de terras não inundáveis (terras firmes). A coleta da castanha é fator de geração de renda para as comunidades amazônicas que praticam o extrativismo, sendo o produto florestal não madeireiro mais conhecido nos mercados domésticos e de exportação. A legislação brasileira não permite a exploração de sua madeira, ou mesmo seu corte em áreas com desflorestamento legalizado. O resultado disto são áreas homogêneas com extensas áreas de pastagens ou de lavouras de soja nas áreas de fronteira agrícola com presença de castanheiras isoladas vivas ou mortas. Tendo em vista as importâncias ecológicas, socioeconômicas e o grau de ameaça que as castanheiras encontram, este trabalho pretendeu avaliar a mortalidade das castanheiras e os fatores que possam interferir na viabilidade reprodutiva destas castanheiras isoladas na paisagem. Os dados sobre as castanheiras isoladas na paisagem foram coletados no ano de 2017 no município de Alta Floresta, e dentro do Parque Nacional do Juruena no município de Apiacás, região sul da Amazônia brasileira. Nós avaliamos a taxa de mortalidade das castanheiras, comparamos os tamanhos de suas copas nas árvores isoladas e dentro da floresta, a visitação de possíveis polinizadores e a produção de frutos em castanheiras isoladas a diferentes distâncias dos fragmentos florestais. Nossos resultados mostraram que mesmo uma legislação específica para a proteção das castanheiras isoladas não é suficiente para evitar suas mortes a longo prazo e que hoje não são sequer viáveis geneticamente. Elas sofrem uma taxa de mortalidade natural de 1,25% ao ano, suas copas ficam menores quando isoladas e a maioria delas não produziu frutos, independentemente da visitação de abelhas e das distâncias dos fragmentos florestais. A mortalidade está fortemente associada à ação de raios e ventos e a não produção de frutos deve ocorrer por outros motivos que não a ausência de polinizadores.

3
  • Marcos Corrêa da Silva
  •  EFEITO DE TAMANHOS DE TUBETES E SUBSTRATOS NA PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE IPÊ ROSA - Tabebuia rosea (Bertol.) DC.

  • Advisor : VINICIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
  • Data: Feb 27, 2023


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  • xx

4
  • ROGÉRIO DE SOUZA SILVA
  • VARIABILIDADE DAS CHUVAS, ÍNDICE DE SECA E MAPEAMENTO DE ÁREA APLICADOS AO CAFÉ NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL

  • Advisor : RIVANILDO DALLACORT
  • Data: Feb 27, 2023


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  • The commercial Conilon coffee plantations in Mato Grosso are undergoing transformations with the adoption of new technologies. Regardless of the technological level, the regional climate determines the success of the crop, making or not the maximum agricultural efficiency possible. The northwest region of Mato Grosso, composed of seven municipalities, has the largest amount of cultivated areas with coffee when compared to the other internal regions of the state, and the municipality of Colniza has the largest concentration of plantations in the state. It is essential to know the spatial distribution of coffee activity to measure and plan its growth, as well as to efficiently structure the storage and commercialization of the production. In the first chapter, the study aimed to evaluate the annual and monthly rainfall variability, define the probability of monthly precipitation, employing mean, standard deviation and inverse gamma distribution functions from Excel version 365. Also for the climate analysis, the monthly and annual SPI drought index was calculated via the SPEI package in the RStudio program. To realization of the study the daily rainfall records were surveyed, adding up the totals for each month of the historical series for each of the four rainfall stations of the National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation - ANA - representing the Northwestern, Aripuanã Station (36 years), Colniza Station (21 years), Cotriguaçu Station (17 years) and Juína Station (36 years). At the end, it was possible to relate the estimated data in relation to the water requirement for coffee production. The second chapter proposed to develop an image processing technique, using scenes generated from the OLI / Landsat-8 sensor, applying the GEOBIA - GEographic Object-Based Image Analysis method, through JavaScript language implemented in the Google Earth Engine platform, to quantify the spatial distribution of coffee cultivation, using the Random Forest classifier, for the municipality of Colniza, the largest coffee producer in the state. For the processing were made the calculations of the vegetation indices NDVI - Normalized Differential Vegetation Index, EVI - Enhanced Vegetation Index and PVI - Perpendicular Vegetation Index, calculation GLCM - Grey Level Co-Ocurrense Matrix for characterization of the objects present in the image, in addition to 729 samples geolocated between coffee and non-coffee for classification and validation. The study observed that the annual and monthly rainfall distribution attends the minimum hydric needs for Conilon coffee in most of the year, with more than 50% probability of occurring rainfall close to the historical monthly average in the wettest months. The monthly SPI-1 index at the stations revealed a total of 56 very dry and 34 extremely dry months. Then, the annual SPI-12 index pointed to seven very dry and five extremely dry years. The mapping revealed a spatialization of 10,217.62 hectares, a quantity superior to the data informed by Conab - Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (National Company of Food Supply) and IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics), pointing to a concordance of 88% of Kappa and 94% for overall accuracy.

5
  • Ismael Cavalcante Maciel Junior
  • Detecção de áreas de milho por meio de análise orientada em geo-objeto utilizando multi-sensores orbitais na plataforma Google Earth Engine

  • Advisor : CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
  • Data: Feb 28, 2023


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  • The state of Mato Grosso is the largest producer of corn in the country, with the predominance of cultivation concentrated in the second harvest. Given the desire for data with greater accuracy and agility, agricultural intelligence needs to adapt its research and search for new technologies such as the use of satellites in remote sensing and geographic information systems. Therefore, this work aimed to map the second-crop corn in the municipality of Canarana-MT through geo-object oriented analysis with different spatial, spectral, temporal and radiometric resolutions, using the sensors: Sentinel-2A/B (MSI), Landsat-8 (OLI), Terra/Aqua (MODIS) and PlanetScope (PS). To achieve these objectives, the IBGE cartographic base of the Canarana municipal boundary was obtained, and later uploaded to the Google Earth Engine Assets (GEE). Filters were applied to the acquired images, selecting images up to 0.35% with cloud occurrence and the median of the images in the period from April to May 2022. Besides the original bands, four vegetation indices were added (NDVI, EVI, PCI and PCEI), and in order to achieve more efficient results in the segmentation step, textural features extracted by means of Gray Level Co-occurrence (GLCM) were employed. After the mentioned procedure, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to reduce the dimensionality of the data. The images went through the segmentation stage, qualified by applying the Simple Non-Iterative Clustering (SNIC) algorithm. In the classification step, the Random Forest (RF) that is considered a machine learning algorithm was applied. After processing and classifying the images and making the thematic maps of the corn areas, we proceeded to the analysis of the numerical confusion matrix implemented in GEE and validation statistics using 2,200 field samples. From these procedures, the classified data generated the confusion matrices with Global Accuracy (GA) ranging from 86.41% to 88.65%. The OLI image presented the best results, with a GA of 88.65% and 84.61% for the Kappa index, with Producer Accuracy (PA) for the analyzed classes between 65.16% and 91.53%, being the lowest for the Other Land Uses class and the highest corresponding to the second-crop corn class. The Consumer Accuracy (CA) of the aforementioned class was 91.98%. Thus, it is concluded that the GEOBIA methodology using the combination SNIC + GLCM with the RF classifier on the GEE platform was satisfactory.

6
  • RAUL PIO DE AZEVEDO
  • IMAGENS REMOTAMENTE SENSORIADAS E MACHINE LEARNING NO MAPEAMENTO DA CULTURA DO GERGELIM

  • Advisor : CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
  • Data: Feb 28, 2023


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  • The changes in landscapes have been followed more intensely in recent decades, thanks to scientific advances, both in the field of technological improvement of satellites and in remote sensing techniques. Advanced and efficient machine learning techniques have helped remote sensing professionals to determine these changes, from the simplest to the most complex landscapes, allowing the identification of the most varied land uses and occupation, as well as the estimation of the areas that these uses occupy, allowing a more dynamic management of natural resources, especially in agricultural exploitation, providing reliable information to decision makers. Thus, the objective of this work is, through machine learning techniques, to estimate the area of sesame (Sesamum indicum) cultivation in the agricultural year 2021/2022, in the municipality of Canarana, in the state of Mato Grosso, comparing the performance of the Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers, using images from the Landsat 8/OLI satellite. For this, control points in geographic coordinates were collected in the study area, for the identification of areas cultivated with sesame, as a source of information for the supervised classification. For the elaboration of thematic maps, the vegetation indices NDVI, EVI, NDBI, PVI and SAVI were used along with the Landsat 8/OLI images. In the evaluation of the thematic maps, the Overall Accuracy and Kappa index were used as a rule, compared by the Z test, with significance of α=0.05. The test revealed that the Random Forest classifier showed better performance in identifying the sesame cultivated areas, with Global Accuracy of 0.95 and Kappa of 0.90, when compared to the SVM. Thus, the use of machine learning techniques in Landsat 8/OLI images proved satisfactory in the estimation of areas cultivated with sesame in the municipality of Canarana-MT, demonstrating confidence in the mapping.

     

7
  • RENATO ANDERSON FELITO
  • Interações ecológicas em pastagens arborizadas na região amazônica

  • Advisor : VINICIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
  • Data: Mar 21, 2023


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  • Livestock farming is an activity of great importance in the Amazon region, especially in the state of Mato Grosso, both for its economic relevance and as a factor in soil degradation. Silvopastoral systems (SSP), which integrate pastures and tree species, show encouraging results for livestock production and soil recovery, bringing many ecosystem and economic benefits. This study sought to evaluate pastures with different levels of tree canopy cover and chemical factors that influence soil fertility through Principal Component Analysis, carried out in the Jacamim settlement, municipality of Alta Floresta-MT. Soil and litter samples were studied in pastures with “Low”, “Medium” and “High” levels of canopy cover. The results indicate that areas with greater tree canopy coverage favor positive parameters of soil fertility

8
  • FERNANDA PEDRA BITTENCOURT DA CRUZ
  • BACTÉRIAS PODEM PROTEGER E ESTIMULAR O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA PLANTA MEDICINAL Calendula officinalis?

  • Advisor : OSCAR MITSUO YAMASHITA
  • Data: Mar 27, 2023


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  • The use of bacteria in different cultivars has become an interesting alternative due to its cost-effectiveness, its efficiency in controlling phytopathogens and its contribution to increasing plant productivity. Thus, the application of plant growth-promoting bacteria is considered one of the main strategies for reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. Therefore, the present study evaluates the agronomic efficiency of different dosages and modes of application (via seeds, foliar application and combination of both modes) of the liquid form of inoculants based on the bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Azospirillum brasilense and Pseudomonas fluorescens in plants of calendula (Calendula officinalis L.) with regard to germination aspects of seeds and plant development. For this, the research was divided into two stages, the first being carried out at the Laboratory of Seed Technology and Matology (LaSeM) of the State University of Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Campus of Alta Floresta - MT, with the analysis of seed germinability . While the second stage was carried out in the field, with the collection and subsequent evaluation of marigold plants aiming at studying the initial, vegetative and reproductive development of plants under the effect of growth-promoting microorganisms, being carried out at LaSeM. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and the measures of the treatments compared by the Tukey test (5%) with the aid of the SISVAR and R software. The results obtained corroborate the use of the analyzed bacteria as biological agents to promote the growth of calendula.

9
  • Eslaine Camicheli Lopes
  • Aplicação de isolados de Trichoderma atroviride em três variedades de soja na Amazônia meridional

  • Advisor : OSCAR MITSUO YAMASHITA
  • Data: Mar 31, 2023


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  • Soybean is one of the most important legumes in agriculture, because it has high nutritional value and wide range of uses, from human and animal feeding. However, for better crop development and, in order to meet the demand for food, new management techniques that are to increase crop productivity need to be integrated into the productive sector. Thus, seeking economic alternatives, easy to apply and efficient in agriculture, the study aimed to analyze the effect of the application of Trichoderma atroviride isolates in three soybean cultivars, in order to prove their action as a growth promoter and on the protection of soybean plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in the factorial scheme 8 x 3, and the applications of Trichoderma atroviride isolates were in three soybean cultivars ( Olimpio, Mamoré, Extrema), consisting of treatments Trichoderma-couve (TC), Trichoderma- soja (TS), Trichoderma-empresa (TM), Trichoderma- cold chamber (TL), Trichoderma- okra (TQ), Trichoderma- Pleurotus (TF), Trichoderma-comercial (TT), and the control , applications are carried out via foliar. The research was conducted in an experimental area in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT, located in the Southern Brazilian Amazon. In the first chapter, the effect of treatments on morphological and productive characteristics of soybean crop was discussed. It was possible to observe that the use of Trichoderma atroveride isolates provided significant effects on soybean, both morphological and productive factors

10
  • ANA CAROLINA FRANÇA BOGO
  • EFEITOS DO SOMBREAMENTO POR PEQUIZEIRO (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) EM SISTEMA SILVIPASTORIL NA AMAZÔNIA MATOGROSSENSE

  • Advisor : GUSTAVO CAIONE
  • Data: Apr 4, 2023


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  • Livestock is one of the most relevant productive activities for the composition of income in rural areas in Mato Grosso, especially for family farming, but it is also one of the main causes of deforestation and loss of biodiversity in agricultural frontier regions, such as the Portal Territory. from the Amazon. Silvopastoral systems (SSP) have been used in the region as alternative management practices to extensive livestock. For them to be efficient, it is important to know the characteristics and influences of the different individuals that make up systems, such as tree species. In this context, the present study aimed to understand the effects of pequi tree (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) shading on thermal comfort conditions for cattle (chapter 1) and soil quality (chapter 2) in a silvopastoral system in Terra Nova do Norte/MT. Microclimatic data were collected weekly, such as air temperature, black globe temperature, and relative air humidity under shade from 10 selected pequi trees and compared with data under full sun. From these data, two thermal comfort indices were calculated: THI (temperature and humidity index) and ITGU (global temperature and humidity index). Regarding soil quality, pH, MO, macro and micronutrients were evaluated at two depths (0-20 and 20-40cm) as chemical attributes, texture, density, macro and microporosity, as physical attributes, and enzymatic activity of arylsulfatase, β -glucosidase and acid phosphatase as biological attributes. Data on temperature, humidity and electrical conductivity of the soil were also collected. All soil variables were collected under 3 shading conditions (under canopy, canopy edge and full sun). In addition, suspended collectors were installed on the 10 pequi trees selected to survey the monthly input and litter quality, correlating with data on thermal comfort and soil quality. The shading of the pequi tree provided better microclimatic conditions in the area, reducing the temperature of the air and the black globe, increasing the relative humidity, and consequently presenting better indices of thermal comfort for the cattle. Litter input did not influence these results. As for the soil, the chemical, physical and biological data were mostly better in full sun, indicating the pequi tree, under the conditions of this SSP, does not contribute to soil quality.

11
  • Maridilva Oliveira e Silva
  • POTENCIAIS DOS SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS PARA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL E O ENSINO DE BOTÂNICA: UMA EXPERIÊNCIA DA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL PROF. BENJAMIN PADOA, ALTA FLORESTA, MATO GROSSO, BRASIL

  • Advisor : IVONE VIEIRA DA SILVA
  • Data: Apr 18, 2023


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  • The construction of teaching science, botany and environmental education must be contextualized, taking into account the student's daily life, in addition to their prior knowledge. In addition, the teacher must seek methodologies that help in the teaching and learning process. Therefore, the use of agroforestry projects, as well as the use of a morphoanatomical atlas with the main species of this system, can be a valuable didactic tool for the teaching and learning process by transforming the traditional teaching model, making the student the protagonist of the pedagogical process itself. . Therefore, this study sought to rescue the history of how the implementation and operation of the agroforestry project at the Municipal School Professor Benjamin Padoa took place, as well as to elaborate an atlas (didactic guide) of morphology and anatomy with the main species of this system as an alternative to the teaching of science, botany and environmental education. The present study was carried out at Escola Municipal Prof. Benjamin Padoa, in the municipality of Alta Florestal, Mato Grosso, Brazil. In the first chapter, a survey was carried out on how the process of implantation and functioning of the agroforestry system occurred through the application of a semi-structured questionnaire with the members of the school community, as well as analyzes of the pedagogical political project. Data analysis took place in a qualitative approach, rescuing the development of the project step by step, seeking to understand the motivation for implementing the agroforestry system in the aforementioned teaching unit and raising questions such as its use and importance for the school community, verifying the pedagogical potential of these non-formal teaching spaces. In the second chapter, the main representative species of plant families whose agronomic-commercial use or biological activity are already described were selected for the preparation of the atlas of morphology and anatomy. Photos of the external morphology of the organs were used to complement the identification of species in the system. The anatomy photos were selected according to the presence of important structures for learning botany, such as the dermal, filling and vascular system. In the results of the first chapter it is possible to point out that the agroforestry project of the Municipal School Prof. Benjamin Padoa emerged in 2003 with the completion of the construction of the new physical structure of the school, which left it without vegetation, with the need to occupy the empty spaces left in the school yard. Since the implementation of this project, the school has been reinforcing its objective every day with environmental actions proposed by teachers and other employees, seeking to favor the necessary care for the preservation of this project, which presents itself as a very useful tool for educational action. In the result of the second chapter, it is possible to point out that the atlas presents 20 species, with explanatory texts addressing morphological characteristics, geographic distribution, phenology and use, as well as photos of the anatomy and morphology of plant organs. In addition, the elaboration of an atlas (didactic guide) of morphology and anatomy with the main species of the agroforestry system is an alternative for teaching science, botany and environmental education, thus providing a positive balance in the teaching-learning process.

12
  • Vilma Monteiro
  • DIFERENTES METODOLOGIAS DE ENSINO PARA UMA APRENDIZAGEM SIGNIFICATIVA DOS CONTEÚDOS DE BOTÂNICA EM ESCOLAS DA REDE ESTADUAL DE ENSINO – MT

  • Advisor : IVONE VIEIRA DA SILVA
  • Data: Jun 12, 2023


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  • When seeking improvements in teaching/learning processes, understanding how the process of knowledge construction occurs is a fundamental step in improving teaching praxis. In the teaching of Science and Biology, the lack of interest by size of the students for the botany contents is one of the biggest factors for the low understanding of the contents. However, it is evident that this lack of interest is caused by the lack of dynamization of classes, in a reality where professors are limited in the teaching methodology of theoretical classes. In this perspective, practical classes in the field with a focus on teaching botany become fundamental for the development of science classes, and fundamental to carry out the interaction between the student and his socio-environmental reality, since there is evidence of a lack of motivation on the part of students to teach. learning botany, and lack of contextualization of teaching with the reality of students. In addition, the lack of scientific work on the teaching of botany, with an even greater lack of studies on the Brazilian flora, spurred this study. Based on these questions, this work was divided into two chapters, with two main objectives. The first sought to develop an educational booklet containing a guide and lesson plans on an ecological interpretive trail of accessibility, with different botany content. In the second, it sought to carry out practical botany classes on the interpretative ecological trail of accessibility, in the laboratory and in the classroom to compare different teaching methods in order to test which method best responds to teaching praxis. With the elaboration of this study, a differentiated alternative is presented to enhance the teaching of science and botany content, so that they feel excited and involved in the teaching/learning process, enhancing the assimilation of the content. In addition, the results of this study demonstrate the relevance of working botany from the content level of each class and with practical classes. Thus, it is concluded that for the application of practical classes in the ecological trails and laboratory, it is essential to prepare such an environment, identify the species present on the trail, stopping points and knowledge about the public to be approached, in order to enhance the transmission and construction of knowledge, and raising students' awareness of the topic addressed. Finally, the objective of streamlining the teaching of botany, and providing greater understanding of the content by the students involved was achieved, since it was possible to observe their involvement in the stages of the activities carried out, and greater assimilation of the applied content.

13
  • OSMAIR CARLOS ROSSETTO DE GÓIS
  • Atributos físicos e estoque de carbono dos solos em diferentes fitofisionomias na Amazônia Meridional

     
     
     
  • Advisor : MARCO ANTONIO CAMILLO DE CARVALHO
  • Data: Jun 27, 2023


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14
  • BRUNA MORISSO CARGNIN
  • ATRIBUTOS MORFOANATÔMICOS DA FOLHA E LENHO EXPLICAM A COOCORRÊNCIA DE ESPÉCIES EM FITOFISIONOMIAS CONSTRATANTES DA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL?

  • Advisor : IVONE VIEIRA DA SILVA
  • Data: Jun 28, 2023


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  • The changes that occur in the environment put pressure on vegetation, making ecosystems more vulnerable, and these changes can lead to adjustments in plant structures. In this sense, the combination of leaf and wood attributes form useful parameters for understanding plant strategies, such as those related to water stress, contributing to understanding responses to climate change. We know that the combinations of leaf and wood attributes need to be studied more deeply, so in order to understand how species behave in relation to the environment in which they are inserted, our study aims to analyze and compare the strategies of co-occurring plants in the Cerrado-Amazon transition (Cerradão and Amazonian savanna), in order to understand the structure and function relationship between leaf and wood. We carried out the study in the Cerrado-Amazon transition region in the north of the State of Mato Grosso, in two municipalities, which are: Nova Canaã do Norte and Alta Floresta. We collected forty individuals of four woody species (Dacryodes microcarpa, Emmotum nitens, Myrcia splendens and Simarouba versicolor) with co-occurrence in both areas. For each sample, we performed morphoanatomical measurements of leaf and wood attributes, in addition to estimated height, diameter at breast height and individual density. Several variations of leaf and stem attributes were found between species and we observed that there are some patterns in relation to intraspecific variability, such as the leaf area of individuals being greater in cerradão, except for the species S. versicolor. The first axis of the PCA was associated with characteristics related to efficiency in water use, regulation of water loss and hydraulic security and the second axis with characteristics related to photosynthetic rate and water transport. We observed that “Phytophysiognomy” explained low variation for most attributes, “Species” presented a high percentage for leaf and wood characteristics and “Individual” a high degree for wood attributes. It was possible to observe that the wood is more plastic in a general aspect of all species. In addition, we saw that there are functional characteristics that are essential to be able to predict the structural parameters of vegetation. Studies like this and other more in-depth ones become important, as climate change can influence the architecture of plants.

15
  • UBIRANEI DE FREITAS MARINHO
  • USO DE BIOFERTILIZANTE NA NUTRIÇÃO FOSFATADA DE SOJA E MILHO EM AGROECOSSISTEMA AMAZÔNICO 

  • Advisor : GUSTAVO CAIONE
  • Data: Aug 30, 2023


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  • The use of phosphate-solubilizing micro-organisms can enhance the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers and increase the availability of this nutrient to crops, particularly when associated with low-solubility fertilizers. In this study, our aim was to assess the effects of phosphate fertilization combined with the inoculation of phosphate-solubilizing micro-organisms on soybean and maize growth, soil and plant phosphorus content, biomass production, and phosphorus accumulation. The evaluated P sources were triple superphosphate, Bayóvar phosphate, and calcined bone + poultry litter, all at a dose of 30 mg dm³ of total P, with and without seed inoculation using Bacillus subtilis (BRM 2084) and Bacillus megaterium (BRM 119). The experimental design was a randomized complete block with a 4 x 2 factorial scheme and four replications. Our results showed that inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms increased phosphorus availability in the soil when combined with calcined bone + poultry litter and Bayóvar phosphate. The presence of the inoculant was significant in increasing leaf nitrogen levels, particularly when combined with calcined bone + poultry litter and Bayóvar phosphate. Bayóvar phosphate and calcined bone + poultry litter fertilizers demonstrated comparable efficacy to triple superphosphate in promoting plant growth, possibly due to the use of microorganisms that enhanced the efficiency of these fertilizers. The treatment with triple superphosphate in the presence of the inoculant showed the highest values for dry matter accumulation and soybean leaf phosphorus levels. Both triple superphosphate and calcined bone + poultry litter presented similar phosphorus levels in the aboveground and root parts of maize. In the presence of the inoculant, all phosphorus sources resulted in greater plant height compared to the control. Treatments with Bayóvar phosphate and calcined bone + poultry litter provided the highest plant height. The use of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms potentially improved phosphorus utilization efficiency in calcined bone + poultry litter, resulting in greater P accumulation in the aboveground part of maize plants. The observed results of aboveground phosphorus accumulation in maize were influenced by the interaction between phosphorus sources and the presence of the inoculant. Our findings indicate that inoculation with phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms associated with different phosphate sources can enhance phosphorus availability in the soil and promote growth and development of crops. This approach holds the potential to contribute to ecologically-based sustainable agriculture, reducing the nutrient demand in agriculture and mitigating the environmental impacts of industrialization and chemical fertilizer application.

2022
???dissertacoes???
1
  • ADRIANA DE AVILA E SILVA
  • Características e atributos químicos do solo amazônico em diferentes manejos

  • Advisor : CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
  • Data: Jan 27, 2022


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  • The growth of world population has led to the expansion of agricultural areas to produce food that meet world demand, making it necessary to increase productivity and maintain sustainability in these areas. In this work was evaluated the effect of different Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) types, namely native forest, pasture, rice and soybean crops on the spatial variability of soil fertility and texture. Descriptive statistical analysis take base on pH, H+Al, Al, Ca, Mg, P, K, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, V, m, organic matter, clay, silt and sand values from soil samples about the different LULC. To verify the normality of the data, the Shapiro-Wilk test at 5% significance was performed, outlier analysis using boxplot graphics, principal component analysis and cluster analysis, using R software. In addition, the data were submitted to geostatistical analysis to verify the degree of spatial dependence of the variables through semivariograms, for interpolated kriging maps generated in the GS+ software. It was verified that the forest area has less fertility and greater acidity, whereas crop areas presented the opposite result. Except for silt, all variables were well represented in the factor map, in relation to PCA values the variability can be explained mainly by pH, V, Ca, K and Zn values inversely proportional to m, P and Sand. Through geostatistical analysis, spatial dependence ranging from moderate to strong was observed, generating reliability in the prediction of most attributes in pasture, rice and soybean areas. Through geostatistical analysis, spatial dependence ranging from moderate to strong was found, generating reliability in the prediction of most attributes in pasture, rice and soybean areas.

2
  • JAQUELINE AMORIM DE OLIVEIRA
  • Plantas da transição: espécies utilizadas em restauração florestal apresentam ajustes estruturais de resistência às mudanças climáticas?

  • Advisor : IVONE VIEIRA DA SILVA
  • Data: Jan 31, 2022


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  • The Amazon Forest is expanding rapidly over the Cerrado, due to environmental and climatic conditions. In order to understand the strategies, the appearance of plants in the face of climate change, characteristics were analyzed, specifically morphological, anatomical and hydraulic. Here, we aim to investigate the hydraulic functioning of transitional (Cerrado-Amazonian) plants in comparison with plants from the Amazon savannah, a goal of sense of relationship and coordination of structure/function between leaf and wood. In addition to answering the following questions: (i) Do transitional plants present attributes in the leaf and in the wood that converge to xeromorphism when compared to species from the Amazon savannah? (ii) Which delivery plans do they present that reflect a safe hydraulic system based on leaf and wood coordination, which enable the indication for forest restoration? The botanical material was processed according to standard plant anatomy techniques. Subsequently, analyzes were performed under an optical microscope to guide the morphoanatomical attributes. The attributes that they grouped as species of SA and one of the transitional plants are related to less water loss through leaves and greater safety in water transport, for example, greater wood density for this group of species. In contrast, transitional plants reflect more transpiration on the leaves. Based on our morphoanatomical study, we provide evidence that confirms a promoter species for forest restoration, only Enterolobium schomburgkii among the five transitional plants indicated by Arguelho (2021) due to the clear presence of attributes that converge to xeromorphism.

3
  • JÉSSICA MARCIELLA ALMEIDA RODRIGUES
  • Conflitos entre onças e bovinocultores no sul da Amazônia brasileira

  • Advisor : MENDELSON GUERREIRO DE LIMA
  • Data: Feb 2, 2022


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  • The advance of agribusiness on native vegetation has promoted an increasing isolation of wild animal populations in vegetation islands, with limited food supply. Thus, this work aimed to estimate the number of cattle slaughtered by jaguars (Panthera onca and Puma concolor) during one year in a cattle-producing municipality in southern Brazilian Amazon (Alta Floresta –MT). The owners or those responsible for the properties were basically asked how many heads of cattle were on the property and how many heads of cattle were lost to jaguars in 2020. Data from a total of 409 cattle farms were analyzed. Of this total, there were reports of predation by jaguars in 81 of the properties (19.8%). When extrapolating the data for the entire municipality, considering the size of the herd, an average of 970 animals killed per jaguar is obtained annually. The total number of cattle from the interviewed properties was 261,888 heads, equivalent to 34.21% of the entire herd in the municipality. Of this total, records of 332 cattle slaughtered by jaguars were obtained, representing a mortality rate of 0.12% over the herd. The landscape connectivity analysis showed that the highest connectivity rate was a thousand meters (m) away, which represented about 13.87% (17,848) of the connections. The results of the work showed that: i) despite the low lethality of one bovine preyed on every thousand heads, cattle raisers resent and justify their dislike for felines for the monetary damage caused by them; ii) The mobility of cats between forest fragments; iii) The decline in the population of cats in the municipality; iv) The absence of anti-predation techniques applied by ranchers; v) The municipality has potential for the exploration of feline sighting tourism.

4
  • MAÍSA BARBOSA LAUTON NERY
  • TRILHA ECOLÓGICA INTERPRETATIVA: DA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA AMAZÔNIA À ACESSIBILIDADE PARA PESSOAS COM DEFICÊNCIAS

  • Advisor : IVONE VIEIRA DA SILVA
  • Data: Feb 22, 2022


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  • The Amazon biome has a significant biological and socio-environmental value for the world, harboring a great diversity of species of flora, fauna and traditional knowledge of local communities. of the preservation and conservation of the environment. Entering Environmental Education in this scenario, awareness, solidarity, equality and respect for human rights must be stimulated, using democratic strategies and interaction between cultures. The problem of the lack of accessibility in ecological trails for all people, including those with disabilities (PwD), motivated us to formulate the present work, which aimed to build an interpretive ecological trail in a conservation area in the South of the Amazon, as instrument of direct contact with nature, ensuring accessibility even for people with disabilities, whether physical, mental, intellectual or sensory. The trail was opened in an area of 500 hectares of native Amazon forest, located in the experimental area of the Executive Commission of the Cacaueira Crop Plan (CEPLAC) in the municipality of Alta Floresta, in the south of the Mato Grosso Amazon. The trail followed the ICMBio trail planning and fundamentals, classifying it as “Class 5 trail (high intervention), with adaptations along the way, aiming at accessibility and social inclusion, in addition to moments of interpretation on the trail, with the sharpening of the five senses. For data collection, we used questionnaires as a research instrument. We carried out 11 visits, serving 107 volunteers, 81 people without disabilities (76%) and 26 people with disabilities (PwDs) (24%), which cover: Visual (blind and low vision); Auditory (deaf); Physical (wheelchair user and low mobility); Intellectual and Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Bringing the focus to the main questions, in the questionnaires applied before the visit, when asked if they knew the forest in our region, 28% said they knew it reasonably, 23% said they knew it well and 24% knew it very well. And, about 40% of the visitors said they had reasonable knowledge about the plants and animals of the region and 28% said they had a good knowledge about the fauna and flora. And for the questionnaires applied after the visit, about 68% of the volunteers said that the connection with nature through the trail was very good and that it served as an efficient tool and regarding their experience about accessibility and inclusion when walking on the trail, 13% of the 26 people with disabilities (PwDs) said that the experience was good. We found acceptable visitor approval by analyzing the questions asked to each of them. Therefore, the construction of the trail proved to be an efficient instrument of direct contact with nature, bringing the focus of knowledge of the Amazon forest, in addition to bringing to light the opinion of PwDs who, for a long time, were excluded from experiences inside a forest. . Therefore, we believe that our work served as a new educational practice under a pedagogical bias of inclusion and accessibility, serving as a basis for future studies with trails of this model, this being a pioneering study in the region.

5
  • DANIELA DOMÍCIA DA SILVA COSTA
  • POTENCIAL INSETICIDA E CARACTERÍSTICAS ANATÔMICAS E FITOQUÍMICAS DE FOLHAS DE Apeiba tibourbou (Aubl.). 

  • Advisor : JULIANA GARLET
  • Data: Feb 23, 2022


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  • The species Apeiba tibourbou (Aubl.) belongs to the Malvaceae family, is popularly known as monkey comb and balsa wood, and is widely used in folk medicine. Individuals belonging to the Malvaceae family have in their secondary metabolism a variety of chemical compounds that act in the defense mechanism against herbivory such as alkaloids, tannins and saponins. Understanding the physical characteristics and chemical compounds present in plants with insecticidal properties has been important for the development of new management techniques and new phytosanitary products with low environmental impact. In bibliographic research, there was a scarcity of data about the species Apeiba tibourbou, and its chemical and anatomical composition. The present work describes anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical characteristics present in the leaves of Apeiba tibourbou, and evaluates its insecticidal potential in the control of Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Atta sexdens L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The phytochemical and histochemical analyzes and the anatomical description allowed the determination of the presence of starches, total lipids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, mucilages, terpenoids and sesquiterpene lactones, calcium oxalates and trichomes. To evaluate the insecticidal potential of Apeiba tibourbou extract in adult individuals of Aphis craccivora, aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves were prepared and subsequently applied at concentrations of: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10%. Survival assessment was performed at 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours. There was a significant decrease in the survival rate of individuals, and the hydroalcoholic extract obtained better results than the aqueous extract. In the bioassays with workers of Atta sexdens, hydroalcoholic extracts were prepared from the bark and leaves of Apeiba tibourbou. The workers separated from the colony were placed in glass flasks, where the topical application of the extract was carried out, each repetition received a pad containing distilled water and an artificial diet cube based on agar and extract-free dextrose. Survival assessments were performed every 24 hours for a period of 15 days. There was a gradual decrease in the survival rate with increasing exposure time to hydroalcoholic extracts of bark and leaves of Apeiba tibourbou, showing to be a promising species for the control of Atta sexdens. Thus, the species Apeiba tibourbou has insecticidal potential in the control of Aphis craccivora and Atta sexdens in the laboratory.

6
  • LAIZ BRUNA DINIZ DA SILVA MARTINS
  • COMPOSIÇÃO, ESTRUTURA E DIVERSIDADE DE FLORESTAS AMAZÔNICAS MATO-GROSSENSES PARA ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS COMERCIAIS

  • Advisor : VINICIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
  • Data: Feb 24, 2022


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7
  • MAIARA CRISTINA METZDORF DA SILVA
  •  Caracterização fenotípica e molecular de mandiocas cultivadas em assentamentos do Norte do Mato Grosso, Brasil

     

  • Advisor : ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI
  • Data: Feb 28, 2022


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  • Manihot esculenta Crantz belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family, popularly known as cassava or manioc. The cultivation of cassava is largely carried out by family farmers. The present study aimed to carry out a survey and phenotypic and molecular characterization of the landraces cultivated by small farmers in the North of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The research was carried out in three settlements, Nossa Senhora Aparecida (NSA), Júlio Firmino Domingues (JFD) in the municipality of Alta Floresta and the São Pedro settlement (ASP) in the municipality of Paranaíta. The survey and phenotypic characterization were carried out during visits to the farmers' plantations in the three settlements. The data collected in the field were tabulated in an Excel spreadsheet, and the frequency of cultivation and the frequency of the phenotypic classes of each descriptor were calculated. To evaluate the genetic diversity, leaf samples of each landrace were collected for DNA extraction. A total of 33 properties were visited, 76 cassava landraces were surveyed and characterized, identifying 22 landraces with different names. The “cacau” cassava showed high frequency, cultivated in 69.7% of the properties, being the dominant landrace in the three settlements. Morphological characterization using 13 qualitative descriptors revealed a total of 44 phenotypic classes, evidencing genetic variability among the landraces. For molecular characterization, the 15 ISSR primers amplified 223 fragments, revealing 95% of polymorphism. Genetic dissimilarity values ranged between 0.091 and 0.618. The groupings by the UPGMA method formed 9 distinct groups, the group GI was the most representative (44.47%), the GVII, GVIII and GIX groups allocated only one landrace each, respectively the individuals NSA1 (“copinha” cassava), NSA20 (“amarela” cassava) and JFD25 (“cacao” cassava). The Nei (*H) and Shannon (*I) diversity indices demonstrated the existence of genetic variability within the settlements and AMOVA indicated that the greatest genetic diversity is present within the settlements (76%). The analysis of the population structure using Structure formed two groups, according to the value of ΔK, allocating the ethnovarities in accordance with the study regions. Phenotypic and molecular characterization revealed that there is genetic variability among individuals of M. esculenta. This diversity can be used in the construction of active germplasm collections and in future breeding programs.

8
  • GRAZIELE CIESLINSKI GONÇALVES
  • Aplicação de doses de boro e Trichoderma atroviride em cultivo de soja na Amazônia Meridional

  • Advisor : MARCO ANTONIO CAMILLO DE CARVALHO
  • Data: Mar 18, 2022


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  • Soybean stands out among the legumes produced due to its high nutritional value and its use in various sectors of the agroindustry, but in recent years, due to the high demand of the productive sector and the growth of grain consumption, it has been necessary to integrate new management techniques in order to increase crop productivity. Thus, seeking alternatives for sustainable management in agriculture, the present study aimed to analyze the ability of Trichoderma atroviride, applied at different vegetative stages, in its action as a growth promoter and in plant protection in soybean, associated with boron doses. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized block design, in a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, with applications of Trichoderma atroviride carried out at four different times (SEM, V5, R1 and R5) and five doses of boron (0, 500, 1000 , 1500 and 2000 g ha-1). The research was conducted on the property called Fazenda Bela Vista, located in the municipality of Alta Floresta. Trichoderma was applied in a solution of 2 x 107 conidia/mL via leaf on soybean. In the first chapter the effect of the treatments on the vegetative and productive characteristics of the soybean crop was addressed and in the second chapter the physiological response of the crop was evaluated. With the use of the microorganism associated with the micronutrient, it was not possible to significantly observe the growth promoting action and increase in soybean productivity, but it was observed the action as a plant protector, minimizing the different stressful conditions, in which, it was verified if the performance physiology of plants through the increment of elements that are essential for the growth and development of the culture.

9
  • CARINE HEMKEMEIER
  • QUALIDADE DO SOLO SOB DIFERENTES USOS NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL

  • Advisor : MARCO ANTONIO CAMILLO DE CARVALHO
  • Data: Mar 29, 2022


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  • The soils of southern Amazonia undergo modifications for the implementation of agriculture, livestock and forestry, and in general, these are poorly managed. And as these are naturally acidic and deficient in nutrients, due to accelerated weathering and the processes of soil formation, continue to affect their characteristics over the years, with all this, the quality of the soil is constantly altered. To know which managements were or are being less harmful to soils, we can study their attributes. In this way, the present work aimed to evaluate the quality of the soil through its chemical and physical characteristics, in addition to carrying out the study of the fractionation of phosphorus together with the microbial activity of the soil, in different uses that consisted of pasture areas, natural regeneration, tillage, forestry with teak production and forest fragment, in the south of the Amazon. We evaluate the physical attributes through porosity, density and penetration resistance; biological indicators by soil basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon, metabolic quotient and acid phosphatase; the chemicals were evaluated by the analysis of soil acidity, nutrient saturation, aluminum and hydrogen contents, organic matter, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium, exchangeable potassium and phosphorus. Due to the importance of phosphorus for crops and its deficiency in this region, its fractionation in the soil was evaluated. Most characteristics are influenced by management, where certain practices benefit the chemical characteristics of the soil, while others harm certain characteristics, mainly physical and microbiological characteristics.

10
  • ANDERSON ALEX SANDRO DOMINGOS DE ALMEIDA
  • NeoTropTrans 1.0, um banco de dados para a conservação da biodiversidade vegetal na Transição Cerrado-Amazônia

  • Advisor : PEDRO VASCONCELLOS EISENLOHR
  • Data: Mar 30, 2022


  • Show Resume
  • The standardization of biological information dispersed in biodiversity platforms is essential to condense complete and reliable information on species composition and physical characteristics of the environment. Thus, our objective was to build a database with plant species occurring in the Cerrado-Amazon transition (CAT), containing the collection records and their geographic coordinates. Based on this database, called ‘NeoTropTrans’, we seek to answer the following questions: 1) What are the most representative species, genera and families in the CAT? 2) What are the best-sampled regions and vegetation types and those with the greatest gaps in collections? 3) How are species occurrence records distributed along the different land use and land cover categories in the CAT? The occurrence records of plant species (angiosperms, gymnosperms and ferns) were obtained from the speciesLink, GBIF and REFLORA online platforms. We compiled 51,886 occurrence records for the Cerrado-Amazon transition, of which 50,523 of angiosperms, 14 of gymnosperms and 1,349 of ferns/lycophytes. Among these records, 28,536 were for trees, 19,665 for shrubs, 9,970 for herbs, 6,619 for vines (woody and non-woody), 5,203 for subshrubs, 618 for palms, 50 for bamboos and 24 for succulents. The occurrence records were distributed in 209 families, 1,384 genera and 5,889 species. The families with the highest species richness were Fabaceae (699), Rubiaceae (317) and Poaceae (262). The genera with the highest species richness were Miconia (96), Piper (71) and Solanum (58). The families with the highest number of occurrences were Fabaceae (6,765), Rubiaceae (2,713) and Melastomataceae (2,276). The genera with the highest number of records were Miconia (1398), Protium (844) and Solanum (652). Among the most common species, Pourouma minor Benoist (214 records), Cheiloclinium cognatum (Miers) A.C.Sm. (174), Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D.Don (170), Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC (160) and Siparuna guianensis Aubl. (144). We obtained 2,738 species occurring only in the Amazon and/or Cerrado, representing 46.49% of the total species present in the database. This ecotone, due to its large territorial area, provides diversified habitats, allowing the occurrence of species from adjacent biomes. With NeoTropTrans we hope to make better use of the data available on biodiversity platforms for the transition between the largest biogeographic regions of the Neotropics.


11
  • PAULO HENRIQUE DE OLIVEIRA VELOZO
  • Modificações ambientais e sua influência na produção, qualidade e ecofisiologia de tomateiros na Amazônia Mato-Grossense

  • Advisor : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
  • Data: May 31, 2022


  • Show Resume
  • The challenges encountered in tomato cultivation, in addition to ongoing climate changes, result in the urgency of developing environmental control technologies in order to increase fruit productivity and quality under conditions of intense availability of solar energy and high temperature. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a cultivation environment, covered with alveolar polycarbonate (PL) plates, through which a continuous flow of water was applied, and compared to a conventional cultivation environment covered with agricultural film (AF), under the tropical climatic conditions of the Mato Grosso Amazon. In both environments, the hybrid Fascínio was cultivated in pots, at 0,2; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5 and 0,6 m spacing in the row and 1,25 m between rows, from June to October. In the PL environment, a reduction of 42% of the transmissivity of the global radiation, 26% of the PAR radiation, 1 °C in the average ambient temperature, 5 °C in the average temperature of the leaves and a lower transpiration rate was verified. In the FA environment, higher photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, concentration of phenols, β-carotene, chromaticity and production of small fruits were observed, while fruits with larger diameter and greater average fruit mass were observed in the PL environment, as well as higher production of lycopene, activity antioxidant, greater leaf area and plant height. Regarding mean relative humidity, total production, commercial production, number of commercial fruits, % of loss, dry mass of leaves and stems, stem diameter, °Brix, texture and angle , there were no significant differences between environments. Regarding commercial productivity, the 0,2 m treatment showed the highest average of 144 t ha-1, followed by the 0,3 m treatment with 114 t ha-1. The PL environment can be recommended for regions with high solar incidence.

12
  • SAMARA SANTOS DE SOUZA
  • INFLUÊNCIA DOS SOLOS E DO ESPAÇO SOBRE A VARIAÇÃO, DISTRIBUIÇÃO E A RIQUEZA DE ESPÉCIES LENHOSAS EM AFLORAMENTO ROCHOSO NA TRANSIÇÃO CERRADO-AMAZÔNIA

  • Advisor : GUSTAVO CAIONE
  • Data: May 31, 2022


  • Show Resume
  • Between the Amazonian DMF and the Cerrado DMF, there is a transition zone, marked by the phytophysiognomic diversity and ecosystem complexity resulting from the floristic interactions of the different Domains. This diversity can, on a broader scale, be explained by climatic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, relief, etc.; however, there is variation in the diversity, composition and structure of vegetation under the same climatic conditions, which can be explained by the interaction of edaphic, hydrological, geomorphological and climatic factors.

    Our objective is to investigate the influence of soil attributes on the distribution and species richness in a rocky outcrop area; for this, we collected soil samples from 25 subplots installed in RPPN Cristalino and performed analyzes of 23 physical-chemical soil attributes. For the statistical analysis we used a matrix of soil, richness, distribution and a spatial matrix. To verify the variation of soil attributes, we performed a PCA; to verify the affinity between these attributes, we performed a “Hierarchical Grouping of Variables” and a correlation matrix; to verify the influence of soil on distribution and richness, we performed correlation analysis, and used Generalized Linear Models (GLM); in addition, we performed a partitioning analysis of the variation and response curve for the variables selected by the model. Results: the variation of soil attributes was greater than expected by chance; the first axis of explained 30.7% of the variation, with N, Ct, Mn, Ca, C.ORG., M.O., Mg, Silt, pH H2O being the most important variables. The second axis explained 20.57% of the variation, with Zn, Cu, P. res, the most important variables. The variables were grouped as expected, elements related to organic matter, texture and acidity, with some exceptions such as Mn, which was grouped with Ca and Mg, probably because it is an element of the source rock. The elements Fe and Mn were significant to explain species distribution, and P. res influenced species richness more than expected by chance. In the variation partitioning, the environment and the environment + space were the ones that contributed the most to the model, the space was just not important to explain the variation. From the selected variables, we performed the response curves to verify the affinity of the species to the attributes, the results are very variable between the species. Even in a small area, there was variation in soil attributes, the species that present a greater range of tolerance may be benefiting; source rock elements such as Mn may be filtering the occurrence or abundance of species.

13
  • ISABEL DE CAMPOS
  • COMPOSTOS ANTIOXIDANTES DE CHICÓRIA-DO-PARÁ (Eryngium foetidum L.) EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES SOMBREAMENTOS E MÉTODOS DE SECAGEM

  • Advisor : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
  • Data: Jul 29, 2022


  • Show Resume
  • The chicória-do-pará is a vegetable considered an ethnomedicinal agent and its consumption is usually with the fresh plant, as a condiment. In Brazil, the cultivation of this vegetable is carried out in urban backyards and vegetable gardens, in small areas, and the use of screens in production is little reported. The nutritional importance of this vegetable is related, especially, to the content of antioxidants present in the leaves. Thus, seeking alternatives that can increase the content of these bioactives in chicória-do-pará, and their production, is one of the targets of this research. Another point is the increase in the conservation and storage time of this vegetable, through the drying of the leaves since dehydrated foods can be an alternative for consumption for prolonged periods. At first, we aimed to evaluate the stability of antioxidant compounds of this vegetable, submitted to different drying methods, since in the literature, few data on the influence of the drying method on the biochemical composition of chicória-do-pará are found. Regarding the drying methods, the chicory leaves were submitted to drying in a forced air circulation oven at 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC, as well as drying by exposure to sunlight and shade. After drying, biochemical analyzes were performed (flavonoids, phenolic acids, total phenols, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP). In the “Solar” treatment, significant results were not observed for all the analyzed variables, when compared to the other drying methods used. The flavonoid content in the plants was higher when dried in an oven at 50 and 60 ºC and in the “shade”. Phenolic acids and antioxidant activity by ABTS report significant results in plants submitted to “shade” drying, as well as for phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP, in addition to drying in an oven at 50 ºC and in “shade”, the use of oven at 40ºC also revealed significant results. Thus, we can conclude that the “shade” drying proved to be promising, which makes it a good option for drying chicória-do-pará, with good stability of the compounds when compared to the other evaluated methods, since the plants subjected to this treatment showed a high content of flavonoids, ac. phenolics, total phenols and high antioxidant activity demonstrated by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. Drying in an oven at 70 ºC was not effective for the maintenance of any of the compounds analyzed.

14
  • LORIENE GOMES DA ROCHA
  • Efeitos do fogo em floresta e cerrado no Sul da Amazônia

  • Advisor : BEN HUR MARIMON JUNIOR
  • Data: Aug 23, 2022


  • Show Resume
  • ROCHA. Loriene Gomes. M.Sc. Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, may 2022. Effects of fire on forest and savannah in southern Amazonia. Adviser: Ben Hur Marimon Junior. Co-adviser: Marco Antonio Camillo de Carvalho. Co-adviser: Célia Regina Araújo Soares Lopes

    Droughts and temperature extremes are becoming increasingly frequent and intense in the Amazon, ideal conditions for the occurrence of forest fires. This work aimed to evaluate the impacts caused by fire on the tree component. The study was carried out in two areas of forest (cerradão and open ombrophilous forest), and one of savanna (typical cerrado) in Southern Amazon. Between the years inventoried, there were two forest fires that reached the study areas, probably of anthropic origin. The vegetation that suffered the greatest impacts of the fire was the open ombrophilous forest, with a percentage of deaths of 29.7%, followed by the cerradão (27.99%) and typical cerrado (9.12%). Even in the face of the various reasons that caused the mortality of 736 individuals of the 3,636 between the years inventoried, 511 (69,4%) of these showed evidence of death caused by fire, considering the three areas. Even in the Cerrado, vegetation more adapted to fire, we registered a negative balance of species and individuals because of the fires. Our results show that there were significant reductions in species diversity and considerable structural damages in the cerradão and ombrophilous forest phytophysiognomies. Such alterations can, in the long- and medium-term, with the recurrence of fires, affect permanently the functionality of these ecosystems causing irreversible damages that could lead to a permanent tipping point of the vegetation, especially in the ombrophilous forest and cerradão. Therefore, it is important to continue with forest inventories to monitor the conservation status of phytophysiognomies in the event of a possible recurrence or absence of the fires.

15
  • ISABEL DE CAMPOS
  • COMPOSTOS ANTIOXIDANTES DE CHICÓRIA-DO-PARÁ (Eryngium foetidum L.) EM FUNÇÃO DE DIFERENTES SOMBREAMENTOS E MÉTODOS DE SECAGEM

  • Advisor : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
  • Data: Sep 29, 2022


  • Show Resume
  • The chicória-do-pará is a vegetable considered an ethnomedicinal agent and its consumption is usually with the fresh plant, as a condiment. In Brazil, the cultivation of this vegetable is carried out in urban backyards and vegetable gardens, in small areas, and the use of screens in production is little reported. The nutritional importance of this vegetable is related, especially, to the content of antioxidants present in the leaves. Thus, seeking alternatives that can increase the content of these bioactives in chicória-do-pará, and their production, is one of the targets of this research. Another point is the increase in the conservation and storage time of this vegetable, through the drying of the leaves since dehydrated foods can be an alternative for consumption for prolonged periods. At first, we aimed to evaluate the stability of antioxidant compounds of this vegetable, submitted to different drying methods, since in the literature, few data on the influence of the drying method on the biochemical composition of chicória-do-pará are found. Regarding the drying methods, the chicory leaves were submitted to drying in a forced air circulation oven at 40, 50, 60 and 70 ºC, as well as drying by exposure to sunlight and shade. After drying, biochemical analyzes were performed (flavonoids, phenolic acids, total phenols, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP). In the “Solar” treatment, significant results were not observed for all the analyzed variables, when compared to the other drying methods used. The flavonoid content in the plants was higher when dried in an oven at 50 and 60 ºC and in the “shade”. Phenolic acids and antioxidant activity by ABTS report significant results in plants submitted to “shade” drying, as well as for phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP, in addition to drying in an oven at 50 ºC and in “shade”, the use of oven at 40ºC also revealed significant results. Thus, we can conclude that the “shade” drying proved to be promising, which makes it a good option for drying chicória-do-pará, with good stability of the compounds when compared to the other evaluated methods, since the plants subjected to this treatment showed a high content of flavonoids, ac. phenolics, total phenols and high antioxidant activity demonstrated by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. Drying in an oven at 70 ºC was not effective for the maintenance of any of the compounds analyzed.

16
  • CLEOMAR ATILIO CIGOLINI
  • POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: limites e potencialidades para o desenvolvimento da Agricultura Familiar em município da Amazônia Meridional

  • Advisor : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
  • Data: Nov 30, 2022


  • Show Resume
  • The scope of the research is based on family agriculture and the highlighting of public policies that support its development, which promote job and income generation and provide food and nutritional security for the population. As an example of public policy, the National School Meals Program (PNAE) is cited, which aims to combat food insecurity in the school environment. Moreover, as expressly provided in Article 14 of Law No. 11947/2009, with the application of at least 30% of its resources in the acquisition of products from family agriculture. Given this scenario, the general objective of the study, sought to analyze the limits and potentialities of the National School Meals Program as a driving force for promoting the development of family agriculture in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, in the southern Amazon. In this sense, the study was divided into two chapters, in which, the first aims to analyze the PNAE itself, the limits and potentialities for its realization and the second chapter, to characterize the socioeconomic profile of family farmers who are assisted by PNAE. Thus, due to the multidisciplinary nature of the research, different methodologies were used, such as bibliometry, as it is a statistical and quantitative technique that measures the production and dissemination rates of scientific knowledge, using Bibliometrix, a tool developed in R programming language, to process the bibliometric data obtained from the Scopus databases. Besides the collection of secondary data from the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, and the literature review. In the second part, we used a descriptive and exploratory research methodology with a qualitative-quantitative approach.     With this, the results observed in the research, between the years 2011 to 2021, show that the municipality has found it difficult to achieve the minimum indices as defined in the legislation, recording on average 16.93% of investments of PNAE resources in the acquisition of products from Family Farming. Moreover, there was a low variation in the transfers from FNDE to the municipality, as opposed to an accumulation of 58.89% in inflationary losses. As for the results of the second chapter, it can be observed that 61% of the family farmers are over 51 years old, and that they face difficulties in logistics/transportation with 28% of the indications, and bureaucracy to commercialize their production with 24%. Moreover, an important institutional market such as the Food Purchase Program (PAA) shows a tendency to retract, representing in 2021, 3.18% of the value reached in 2012, the year with the highest peak of investment. Finally, the study proposes some actions to the actors involved to achieve the objectives proposed in the law and offer better conditions for school meals and family farmers. Furthermore, the family farmer of Alta Floresta (MT) is aging and young people need public policies to strengthen programs such as PNAE and PAA to generate income and create an attractive environment to stay in the field.

2021
???dissertacoes???
1
  • DANIELE PAULA MALTEZO
  • Diversidade Genética e Citogenotoxicidade de Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (Fabaceae) nativa da Amazônia Mato-Grossense

  • Advisor : ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI
  • Data: Jan 20, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • The Amazon Forest is the largest tropical forest in the world, with 60% belonging to the Brazilian territory, one third of the forest is located in the state of Mato Grosso. It is estimated that about 20% of all the planet's biodiversity is found in the Amazon. Among the species present in the Amazon, we highlight the Copaifera langsdorffii Desf., exploited mainly for the extraction of its oil-resin and wood, and also to be used in folk medicine in the treatment of various diseases. Inadequate management of C. langsdorffii, as well as forest fragmentation, can cause a decrease in the number of individuals in the populations, which in the long run can cause the loss of genetic variability. This study aimed to perform the molecular characterization of 27 individuals of C. langsdorffii collected in the Amazon located in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, and to evaluate the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the species. For evaluation of genetic diversity, 12 ISSR primers were used, which amplified 106 fragments, 98.11% of which were polymorphic. The content of polymorphic information (PIC) of each primer varied between 0.45 and 0.81. The average dissimilarity found was 0.49. The greatest genetic variability is found within the groups and not between them. The percentage of polymorphism, values of genetic dissimilarity and indexes of genetic diversity, indicate that there is high genetic variability among C. langsdorffii individuals, suggesting that ISSR primers are efficient in detecting polymorphism in this species, and that the population has the potential to compose  conservation programs and the ability to integrate germplasm banks. The assessment of toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential was performed using the Allium cepa test. The aqueous extracts (infused and decocted) obtained from the stem bark and leaves of C. langsdorffii were evaluated, with five different concentrations and two controls, with distilled water (negative control) and glyphosate at 1% (positive control). The growth of the root system (CSR), the mitotic index (MI), and the frequency of chromosomal changes and / or abnormalities in the phases of cell division were evaluated. The greatest reductions in CSR were found in decocted extracts (stem bark and leaves). For the stem bark, both extracts at concentration of 0.032 mg mL -1 showed lower MI. The concentrations 0.002 mg mL-1 of the infused bark extract and 0.004 mg mL-1 of the decocted leaf extract showed 4.19 and 3.55% of cell aberrations respectively, followed by the positive leaf control with 5.71%. The results showed the toxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the aqueous extracts of C. langsdorffii on the test organism.

2
  • MATHEUS SERGIO LUBIAN
  • AGROBIODIVERSIDADE, FENOLOGIA E DIVERGÊNCIA GENÉTICA DE VARIEDADES TRADICIONAIS DE Arachis hypogaea L. NO MUNICÍPIO DE ALTA FLORESTA - MT

  • Advisor : SERGIO ALESSANDRO MACHADO SOUZA
  • Data: Jan 21, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) belong to the Fabaceae family, the same as other crops known as beans, soybeans, lentils and peas. Its genus, Arachis, houses more than 80 species, some with economic importance, for human consumption, ornamentation or forage. This culture is very important for human food, very present in family farming, being one of the most cultivated oilseeds in the world. The objective of the study was to carry out a survey of the traditional varieties of A. hypogaea cultivated by farmers in the municipality of Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, and to evaluate genetic diversity through phenological attributes and morpho-agronomic descriptors. Eight traditional peanut varieties collected from rural communities in the interior of the municipality were evaluated. The experiment was carried out in the same municipality, and evaluated the genetic diversity of the varieties through vegetative, fruit and seed descriptors, in addition to vegetative and reproductive phenology. The data obtained in the interviews with the interviewed producers, as well as the phenological attributes and qualitative morpho-agronomic descriptors were submitted to descriptive statistics. The data from the quantitative morphoagonomic descriptors were subjected to analysis of variance and comparison of means. Ten producers were interviewed, all male, aged between 50 and 84 years old, 20% of them retired. They have between 2 and 50 years of experience with the crop, and 80% of them stated that their seeds come from Mato Grosso. Its seeds are stored with pods, in nylon bags, burlap, water tanks and old refrigerators, or in PET bottles, without pods. The monoculture system predominates, only 10% carry out intercropping. All respondents cultivate for their own consumption, and 60% market grains and derivatives. All quantitative variables showed a significant difference at the level of 1% probability by the Tukey test. The cluster analysis by the Tocher method resulted in the formation of three groups, with group II covering 62.5% of the accessions, followed by group I with 25%, agreeing with the groupings formed from the dendogram generated by the UPGMA method, and the result of the graphic dispersion of varieties through canonical variables. The analysis of the canonical variables of the 14 quantitative characters showed that the first two variables explained 97.49% of the total variation. Plant height, mass of 100 grains, chlorophyll index and number of pods presented a greater relative contribution to genetic divergence. In the phenological evaluations it was verified that the accessions UNEMAT 024, 026 and 027 germinated first, 4 days after sowing. The appearance of flower buds in these varieties was also earlier, at 24 days. The accessions UNEMAT 021 and 022 showed the lowest phenological cycle, of 100 days, showing good adaptation to the environmental conditions of the region. In addition to helping producers to obtain better yields by choosing the most productive varieties, the present study also showed promising genetic materials that can be used in new breeding programs in the northern region of Mato Grosso.

3
  • TACIANE FABIANI
  • Restauração ambiental relacionada à legislação e procedimentos exigidos pela SEMA de Mato Grosso

     

  • Advisor : MARCO ANTONIO CAMILLO DE CARVALHO
  • Data: Jan 27, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • Abstract: In this dissertation, an evolution of environmental legislation was addressed, as well as a case study with the subsumption of the law in concrete projects to make forest restoration feasible, showing the efficiency of the methods applied by an environmental public policy. A traditional bibliographic research method was used, highlighting the multidisciplinary nature of the environmental issue since it is necessary to know several scientific areas. In the first chapter, a bibliographic survey of the evolution of the legislation regarding the protection of the environment was carried out; analysis of the importance of the rural environmental registry (CAR) as a method of controlling deforestation; and studying the terminology conflict between restoration, restoration, recovery, and restoration of native vegetation. In the second chapter, legal issues were analyzed in order to apply the theoretical perspectives of law in the concrete cases proposed by the SEMA (State Secretariat for the Environment) of Mato Grosso, and the project Olhos D'água da Amazônia was implemented for the documentary research. in the municipality of Alta Floresta (MT), in order to reduce deforestation and increase forest restoration rates, in order to recover APPs (permanent preservation areas). Also selected as a sample was a study carried out by ICV (Instituto Centro e Vida) in the Municipalities of Alta Floresta, Carlinda, and Paranaíta in the State of Mato Grosso, comparing the gain and loss of forest during the years 2008 to 2019. With the study it was it is possible to concretely make the general objective of the work viable, that is, demonstrate that an environmental public policy will be efficient if there is political will from the government, financial investment, involvement of specialists, and participation of society in the process of raising awareness of the importance of biodiversity conservation, as well as alignment of a sustainable economic development policy

4
  • FRANCIS JUNIOR ARAÚJO LOPES
  •  ASSEMBLEIAS ARBORÍCOLAS E EPIGÉICAS DE FORMICIDAE EM DIFERENTES PAISAGENS DO MUNICIPIO DE ALTA FLORESTA-MT, BRASIL

  • Advisor : JULIANA GARLET
  • Data: Jan 28, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • Ants are organisms found in the most varied terrestrial ecosystems with the exception of the poles, playing a multitude of ecological roles ranging from potential dispersers to predators or scavengers performing ecosystem services, which bring positive impacts to the environment. They are currently considered the largest group of social insects with more than 13,000 named species and an estimated biomass of more than 10,000 trillion individuals, which represents most of the animal biomass in tropical forests. Given the characteristics that this group of insects present: relatively developed taxonomy, easy sampling, high values of wealth and abundance in the varied ecosystems of the planet, they are characterized as bioindicator organisms. Thus, this research aimed to get to know the myrmecofauna in different plant formations in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT, and to understand how these organisms are structured in a native environment in relation to vertical stratification, where sampling was carried out in two strata (arboreal and epigenic) ) in a remnant of native vegetation in the municipality. In addition, restoration strategies used on a property in the municipality of Alta Floresta-MT were evaluated by analyzing the composition (abundance and number of species) of the arboreal and epigenic assemblies of ants. For the sampling of ants, transects of 120 meters in length were established, both with five sampling points equidistant 20 meters from each other and in both sampling points a trap in the ground (pitfall of soil) and a trap in the vegetation (pitfall tree) were installed. ). The collected ants were placed in collecting pots containing 70% alcohol and taken to the State University of Mato Grosso where they were separated from the other collected arthropods, identified at the gender level and reviewed by a specialist. Ants showed values for both abundance and number of higher species in the epigenic stratum in relation to the arboreal stratum, the subfamily Myrmicinae being more frequent in both samples, both in the first and in the second chapter. In addition, the influence of the collection season (drought and rain) on the parameters abundance and number of species and a significant influence of nesting and turnover on the structure of beta diversity in the remaining forest was detected. In the evaluation of the restoration strategies, it was identified that the restoration areas showed diversity superior to pasture and forest fragment, in addition to forming a group distinct from the forest fragment in relation to the similarity in the composition of the ant assemblages, being more similar to the landscape of ants pasture.

5
  • WESLEI BUTTURI
  • MAPEAMENTO E CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA RECOMPOSIÇÃO FLORESTAL NO NORTE DE MATO GROSSO

  • Advisor : VINICIUS AUGUSTO MORAIS
  • Data: Jan 29, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • Few sources of information exist about secondary vegetation in Brazil, which consists of vegetation originating from areas that were deforested in previous years and later abandoned by use if they regenerated and / or were recomposed by human action. In Mato Grosso, many areas of environmental liabilities have been restored in recent years, due to legal requirements and / or abandonment of use. The objective of the present work, divided into two chapters, was to map and validate the forest restoration (RF) that occurred in the period from 2008 to 2019 and to analyze its spatial distribution over the network of rural properties, Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs), Legal Reserves (RLs) and properties benefited by projects financed by the Amazon Fund in three municipalities in northern Mato Grosso. The study area comprised the municipalities of Alta Floresta, Carlinda and Paranaíta, which together totaled a total area of 1,616,537 ha. The mapping was performed through visual interpretation in freely accessible orbital images. The vectorization scale was 1: 25,000. The mapping validation was carried out through systematic sampling from the polygons that were located within a maximum radius of 50 meters from the axis of the municipal road network. A total of 567 sample areas were selected. All field work was carried out by land using a motor vehicle. To measure the accuracy of the mapping, the Global Accuracy, Conditional Kappa and Tau indexes were used. Net deforestation was calculated by subtracting the RF area from the PRODES / INPE deforestation area. For the spatial distribution analysis, digital cartographic bases of the property limits provided by ICV (2018), APP limits, property limits benefited by the Olhos D’Água da Amazônia (PRODAM) and Nascentes do Buriti projects were used. Rural properties were subdivided into five classes according to the number of fiscal modules (MF) being: Up to 1 MF; from 1 to 2 MF; from 2 to 4 MF; from 4 to 15 MF and above 15 MF. The size of the MF in the three municipalities according to INCRA is 100 hectares. The amount of RF for the period and for the study area was 14,605.1 ha and 7,302 polygons. The accuracy indices showed values of 95.5%, 91.1% and 90.9% respectively, with performance classified as excellent. The average height of vegetation in the sample areas was 7.11 meters. Alta Floresta had 

    the highest number of polygons, 4,449, and the largest area, 9,975.4 ha of RF. Carlinda had the best net deforestation balance - 103.7 ha. Paranaíta had lesser performance both in the quantity of RF and in the net deforestation balance. The rural property class above 15 MF was the one that stood out the most, with the highest number of polygons, the largest area and the highest percentage of properties with an incidence of RF. The RF focused more heavily on areas of APP compared to RL. The environmental liability in APP was 22,328.69 ha in the entire study area until the year 2019. The incidence of RF on the areas of APPD between the years 2016 to 2019 was only 7.9%. The PRODAM project was able to achieve its initially proposed goal of recomposing 1,200 ha of forest, while the Nascentes do Buriti project has so far reached 14.3% of the initially proposed goal. Despite efforts, the two projects contributed 9.5% of all RF in the entire study area. The entire database used in the analysis of this work is openly available through the link: https://arcg.is/0qKjCi.

6
  • WILLIAN TSUYOSHI KUME
  • NANOPARTÍCULA DE ÓXIDO DE ZINCO NA NUTRIÇÃO DA CULTURA DO MILHO

  • Advisor : GUSTAVO CAIONE
  • Data: Feb 1, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • Corn is the most cultivated cereal in the world and has great economic relevance, since it is used as a raw material for multiple sectors. Thus, proper crop management is essential especially when aiming higher yields and grains with better quality. In this context, Zn stands out since its deficiency is one of the most limiting factors for the development of culture. Given the above, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed treatment with doses of Zn in the form of sulfate and in the form of nanoparticles on the germination and seedling development, the effect of doses of Zn in nutrient solution and foliar fertilization with doses and sources of Zn in corn. The first experiment was in a 4x2 factorial scheme with doses (0, 20, 40, 80 g kg-1 of seed) and sources of Zn (ZnSO4 and ZnO 60 nm) and the second experiment with sources of Zn (ZnSO4, ZnO 60 nm and ZnO 40 nm). For both experiments, the DBC with four replications was applied and the seedling and root length, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass, root volume, IVG and germination rate were evaluated. The field experiment was carried out in the city of Alta Floresta - MT in a RED YELLOW OXISOL. DBC was used in a 4x2 factorial scheme with doses (0, 250, 500 and 1000 g ha-1) and sources (ZnSO4 and ZnO 40 nm) with four replications and foliar application in stage R1. At the end of the experiment, productivity, ear diameter, mass of 100 grains, number of rows per ear and Zn content in the grains were evaluated. The hydroponics experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the DBC was used with doses of Zn (0, 1, 2, 4 and 8 mL L-1). At the end of the experiment, the shoot and root length, stem diameter, root volume, shoot dry mass, protein and micronutrient content were evaluated. The application of nanometric sources in the treatment of seeds promoted greater IVG, green and dry mass, length of the aerial and root parts in relation to the sulfate source. Comparing the nanometric sources, the 40 nm source promoted a higher green mass value of the aerial part, suggesting a greater absorption of the smaller size oxide source. In the field experiment there was no significant difference in the analyzed variables. This fact suggests that the Zn content present in the soil was sufficient to meet the nutritional needs of the corn hybrid used. Regarding the Zn content in the grain, more than one application of the micronutrient is recommended during the culture cycle. It was evident in the hydroponics experiment the lowest corn development when deficient in micronutrient. The group with dose 0 showed lower values for growth variables. In addition, nutritional imbalance was observed through the greater accumulation of Fe, Mn and B due to Zn deficiency. Also, it was found that the excess of micronutrient promoted lower values of shoot dry mass, stem diameter and root volume compared to the ideal dose (1 mL L-1) due to the phytotoxic effect.

7
  • TATIANE DEOTI PELISSARI
  • MORATÓRIA DA SOJA NA AMAZÔNIA: IMPACTOS E A EXPANSÃO DO DESMATAMENTO ANTES E APÓS O ACORDO

  • Advisor : MENDELSON GUERREIRO DE LIMA
  • Data: Feb 25, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • Livestock and soy are the main drivers of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. The purpose of this work was to verify the conversion of natural areas for soy planting after the Soy Moratorium, between the crop years 2009/2010 to 2017/2018. To evaluate the deforested areas, images were used via remote sensing of the Landsat satellites made available by the Global Forest Change database, with files containing 8-bit values, with a spatial resolution of one second of arc per pixel, or approximately 30 meters per pixel in the equator. The areas cultivated with soy were identified with the PCEI index (Perpendicular Crop Enhancement Index). Boxplots were built to demonstrate the variation of the variables evaluated over the time series. To check the trend of variables over the years, the Man-Kendall test was applied, followed by the Pettitt test to identify the probable point of change with the significant trend at 0.005 for the Pettitt test. All analyzes were performed with R software with the aid of the “ggplot2”, “trend”, “ManKendall” and “factoextra” packages. In the 2017/2018 crop year, soy was present in seven Amazonian states, with the exception of Amazonas and Maranhão and occupying an area of 5,237,640 hectares (ha). The states with the largest planting areas were Mato Grosso (4,453,053 ha), Pará (565,541 ha) and Rondônia (95,934 ha). The states with the largest areas of deforestation were Pará and Mato Grosso and the trend test showed that the probable year of change was 2006 for the state of Mato Grosso, which coincides with the year of implementation of the Soy Moratorium. As of 2009, 12,413,267 ha have been deforested. Of this total, 359,606 ha were converted into soybean areas. This represents only 2.90% of all deforestation in the Amazon in the period. Our results show that cattle ranching remains the main driver of deforestation in the Amazon and that the public policies that have existed so far have not been sufficient to contain deforestation.

8
  • THAÍS LOURENÇONI
  • Avaliação da Moratória da Soja com dados do PRODES e ImazonGeo

  • Advisor : CARLOS ANTONIO DA SILVA JUNIOR
  • Data: Feb 25, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • Monitoring programs in the Amazon are essential to contribute to the identification of illegal deforestation and thus guide decision making by Organs responsible agencies. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify the expansion of soybean farming in disagreement with the Soy Moratorium (MS) in the Amazon biome of Mato Grosso over the years 2008 to 2019. Data from PRODES (Deforestation Calculation Program in the Amazon), ImazonGeo (Geoinformation Program on the Amazon) and the Perpendicular Vegetation Crop Enhancement Index (PCEI) were used. The Kernel Density Estimator (DK) was applied to verify the areas (polygons) of major occurrences converted from forest-soybean and the Pettitt and Mann-Kendall test were applied to identify trends throughout the time series. The results showed that during the period from August 2008 to October 2019, 1,387,288 hectares were deforested according to PRODES data and 108,411 hectares were replaced by soybeans. ImazonGeo data showed 729,204 hectares deforested and 46,182 hectares converted to soybean areas. Based on the deforestation polygons of the two PRODES and ImazonGeo databases, the DK estimator indicated that the regions with the highest occurrences at odds with the MS were in the South, Southeast and East. The municipalities with the largest areas at odds with MS were Feliz Natal with 11.,169 hectares and Tabaporã with 9,865 hectares according to PRODES data and Feliz Natal with 6,157 hectares and Nova Ubiratã with 4,786 hectares according to ImazonGeo. The results indicate that the PRODES system presented, in all cases, greater variability in the data and means statistically superior to the ImazonGeo.

9
  • IAGO MANUELSON DOS SANTOS LUZ
  • Conflitos com Queixadas (Tayassu pecari) e Agricultores ao Sul da Amazônia

  • Advisor : MENDELSON GUERREIRO DE LIMA
  • Data: Feb 26, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • In recent years in Brazil, invasive species in cultivation areas have been raising concern among farmers due to damage and losses in production. A study carried out in the Parque Nacional das Emas, for example, shows a daily consumption of 1.9 kg of corn by the white leap peccaries (WLP) (Tayassu pecari). However, these invasions are driven by deforestation that causes forest fragmentation, loss of habitat and reduced availability of resources, forcing fauna to explore agro-ecosystems in search of food. An example of this is the situation of the WLP. While they have disappeared from much of the country, they are still abundant and live in conflict with corn farmers in the state of Mato Grosso. Thus, this species, resilient to the impacts of forest fragmentation, is now seen as a pest specie by farmers. Due to this conflicting relationship, this work was divided into two chapters and had two main objectives. The first estimated the economic impacts caused by the WLP on corn production on a single property in the south of the Brazilian Amazon. The second assessed the dispersed functional connectivity of the WLP in an environment with an agricultural matrix, to use as a predictive model of areas to be invaded and aiming at guiding producers regarding this possibility. For the first objective, we used a property in the municipality of Alta Floresta, with 1,100 hectares of corn crops. In this property we randomized 50 collection points, all around the crop, represented by one hectare each, composed of six treatments (distances from the edge of the forest fragment), divided into five repetitions of 10 linear meters of corn, where the whole and damaged corn stalks were counted. We calculated the percentage of damaged corn stalks at each point, extracting an average loss for the points analyzed, being extrapolated to the entire crop. For the second, we used data on the presence and absence of white-lipped peccaries, acquired through visits to properties that grew corn in the 2018/19 crop year in Alta Floresta, Carlinda and Paranaíta in the state of Mato Grosso. With the ArcGis Software and orbital scenes from the CBERS-04A satellite (China-Brazil Earth-Resources Satellite), we identify forest fragments and crops to quantify connection rates through the Conefor Sensinode 2.6 plugin, through the integral connectivity index (IIC).  We found 1.25% of damaged plants throughout the property, representing a loss of R $ 34,344.75 for the owner. Crops were invaded at a rate of up to 300 meters in connection with forest fragments. Even low damage rates are not tolerated by farmers. This intolerance and persecution promoted by farmers may compromise the survival of the WLP in the agricultural frontier areas in the Amazon. One of the solutions to avoid conflicts would be for crops to be cultivated at least 300 meters away from the nearest forest fragment.

10
  • MARIANE KAORI SASAYA
  • ASPECTOS DA GERMINAÇÃO E DESCRIÇÃO MORFOLÓGICA DE PLÂNTULAS EM DIFERENTES pHs DE ESPÉCIES FLORESTAIS NATIVAS UTILIZADAS EM PROGRAMAS DE RESTAURAÇÃO FLORESTAL NA AMAZÔNIA MERIDIONAL

  • Advisor : JULIANA GARLET
  • Data: Mar 10, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • The demand for silvicultural knowledge aimed at native species in Brazil, in recent years, has increased significantly, mainly due to incentives for the restoration of riparian forests and the recovery of degraded areas, since the success of the implementation of reforestation programs depends on basic information about the species to be used. Since the study of environmental and edaphic limiting factors such as pH in germination and seedling development contribute to the choice of species for adverse situations in the field and consequently in implementing forest restoration. And the seedling morphological studies help in the botanical identification, contributing with the recognition of the seedling species in forest formations. However, little is known about the characteristics of native forest species due to the scarcity of studies carried out with species mainly in the Southern Amazon. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pH on germination and on the development of seedlings of forest species native to the Southern Amazon. And yet, perform the morphological description of the germination process to the seedling by means of illustration of species used in forest restoration programs in the region. In the analysis of the pH influence, in the germination test with the following species: Bauhinia ungulata; Cecropia pachystachya; Chloroleucon tortum; Colubrina glandulosa; Enterolobium schomburgkii.; Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.; Samanea tubulosa; Parkia pendula; and Senna multijuga. Wetting was carried out using solutions with regulated pH: 2.0; 3.0; 4.0; 5.0; 6.0; 7.0; 8.0; 9.0; 10.0; and 11.0. And the percentage of final germination and the germination speed index were determined, as well as shoot length, radicle length, total length, and weight through seedling morphometric analysis. The germination tests were conducted in a completely randomized design, and the data analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post-hoc test with Bonferroni-type p-value adjustment (p <0.05). The description and morphological illustration of the germination process until seedling were carried out by monitoring the development of normal seedlings. For most of the analyzed species, there was a decrease in the values of the variables analyzed at extreme pHs, especially at pH 2 and 11. However, for all species analyzed, for a wide pH range tested, the species presented satisfactory germination rate, where they presented excellent performance at pH 5. As for the morphometric description, the characteristics observed in the three stages of seedling development, can assist as guides in the identification of species in the seedling phase in the field, as well how to help distinguish between normal and abnormal seedlings.

11
  • VERA LUCIA PEGORINI ROCHA
  • ANATOMIA E HISTOQUÍMICA FOLIAR DE SEIS ESPÉCIES DE Xylopia (Annonaceae) DO SUL DA AMAZÔNIA

  • Advisor : IVONE VIEIRA DA SILVA
  • Data: Mar 30, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • As it has one of the richest biological diversity on the planet, Brazil has a vast potential for research with vegetables that substantiate secondary metabolites, among which we can mention the species of the genus Xylopia L. Xylopia produces a variety of secondary metabolites and has been investigated as a source potential of compounds that exhibit a wide variety of biological properties. Secondary metabolites are not directly related to plant growth and development, but assume functional characteristics that allow them to respond to environmental stimuli; in the same way that possible changes in the anatomy of species can perform functions that suggest a certain adaptive degree. In this sense, this study had as main objective to investigate Xylopia species occurring in different areas in the southern Amazon of Mato Grosso, seeking to characterize and compare anatomically and histochemically six species of the genus, in addition, we investigate possible adaptive characteristics of Amazonian Xylopia in different communities vegetables from the region. To carry out the study, we used leaves of tree species of the genus Xylopia, which were subjected to the usual methodologies for anatomical and histochemical research. The research is organized in two chapters, the first deals with the description and anatomical and histochemical comparison of the species: Xylopia amazonica, X. aromatica, X.benthamii, X. frutescens, X. neglecta and X. sericea, where it was possible to verify that the species have shared anatomical characteristics, such as paracitic stomata, epidermal cells with straight walls, thin cuticle, bulky substomatic chambers and secretory channels. As well as the results referring to histochemical tests, which also revealed similarity between species, since of the ten tests performed, five reacted positively in all species. The compounds present in the species, perform ecological functions related to adaptations to the environment, such as reduced sweating, water storage, defense against herbivory and antifungal action. Despite the large number of shared characteristics, it was possible to separate them into groups, where the species X. frutescens and X. sericea are the most similar among the six. The results obtained are able to assist in taxonomic studies in the circumstance in which they suggest greater kinship between the species X. frutescens and X. sericea and X. amazonica and X. aromatica. The second chapter revealed that four anatomical attributes differ between the studied sites, namely, stomatal size, central rib bundle thickness, palisade parenchyma thickness and leaf wing thickness, thus, the mean annual precipitation and the seasonality index also influenced the variation of these tissues, except the thickness of the leaf wing. Although some attributes do not vary between sites and are not related to environmental variables, they showed a higher value for intraspecific variability, such as the thickness of the adaxial and abaxial epidermis, stomatal density and thickness of the lacunous parenchyma. This study shows that X. amazônica presents a difference in the anatomical attributes between the different sites and that these differences are closely linked to environmental factors, more especially the average annual precipitation.

12
  • LUANA MARQUES CAMPOS
  • ATRIBUTOS QUÍMICOS E FRAÇÕES DE FÓSFORO EM SOLOS AMAZÔNICOS CULTIVADOS COM PASTAGENS DE DIFERENTES IDADES

  • Advisor : GUSTAVO CAIONE
  • Data: May 11, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • The process of opening and transforming forest areas into planted pastures, changes the dynamics of the environment, changes the cycling and availability of nutrients, with P being one of the most affected elements. Thus, the objective was to verify the changes in the chemical attributes of the soil and in the fractions of P in Amazonian soils cultivated with unfertilized pastures and with different opening times in relation to an area of native forest. The study was carried out in a Dystrophic RED LATOSOL and a Dystrophic RED-YELLOW ARGISOL. This research deals with an observational study where 6 areas were studied and the variables were the chemical attributes of the soil and the fractions of phosphorus in two depths (00-10 and 10-20 cm). The plots consisted of pasture areas of different ages, in Nova Guarita, MT, the pasture areas of 15 and 30 years old and adjacent native forest; in Alta Floresta, MT, the pasture areas of 20 and 35 years old and adjacent native forest. Within each plot, four experimental units were separated with dimensions of 10x50 m. Within each experimental unit, ten simple random soil samples were collected in the 00-10 and 10-20 cm layers. There was an effect of the opening time of the areas on the chemical attributes and fractions of phosphorus for LVd and PVAd. The nutrient content decreased in the studied pasture areas, in both soils, with the exception of the Ca and Mg content in the 35 years old pasture area, a fact that may be associated with animal supplementation. Phosphorus fractions considered labile decreased and non-labile fractions increased in both soils in pasture areas, as the opening time increased. The advance of land use time significantly influenced the chemical attributes and forms of phosphorus in the soil in the pasture areas compared to the native forest areas.

13
  • JULIANA SOBREIRA ARGUELHO
  • Plantas do Futuro: Espécies utilizadas em restauração florestal suportarão as mudanças climáticas na Transição Cerrado-Amazônia?

  • Advisor : PEDRO VASCONCELLOS EISENLOHR
  • Data: May 13, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • Future climate changes and modifications in land use and land cover are anthropic processes of threats to global biodiversity. For the conservation and restoration processes of impacted areas to be efficient, it is necessary to investigate the effects of climate change on local plant species. Here, we aim to understand which plant species, which are being used in the recovery process of impacted areas of the Cerrado-Amazon Transition, will support future climates. To verify whether species used in forest restoration will find suitable areas in the future throughout this transition, we model, using niche-based models, their present potential distributions by projecting them into the future climate (2070). We used eight modeling algorithms, three global climate models (GCMs) and selected models based on True Skill Statistic (TSS). The post hoc chi-square test showed significant differences among the present, optimistic future and pessimistic future for 45 species of the 48 modeled species. Our results indicated 15 species as most promising for restoration in the Cerrado-Amazon Transition considering future climate change scenarios. Ensemble models showed that climate change is expected to alter the geographic distribution of all selected species (15 species) and not selected (29 species), with that, we observe how the anthropic actions in relation to the climatic changes can modify the distributions of these species, with high suitability for some and low or loss of suitability for others, modifying the landscape and possibly the traditional life of many people who live from these species in the Transition Cerrado-Amazon region.

14
  • WALINGSON DA SILVA DA COSTA
  • SISTEMA WEB PARA PRÉ PROCESSAMENTO E ANÁLISE DE DADOS METEOROLÓGICOS

  • Advisor : RIVANILDO DALLACORT
  • Data: May 27, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • Knowledge of meteorological conditions is essential for decision-making in agro-ecosystems, requiring precise information on the climate and atmospheric conditions. For that, some steps are required to be built. Data collection is the initial step for this process, however, it is subject to errors that will inevitably hinder subsequent analyzes and knowledge generation, resulting in erroneous decisions. The information needed to build knowledge is not always available or is reliable. Therefore, mechanisms for treatment, analysis and forecasts are essential in the management of agro-ecosystems, ensuring efficiency and assertiveness in decisions. The objective of this work is to describe the functioning of PAP Meteor (Preparation, Analysis and Forecast of Meteorological data), applying data provided by the National Meteorological Institute (INMET) in a surface meteorological station in the municipality of Matupá MT and Sinop MT. PAP Meteor is a system (WEB) developed with the Python programming language, subdivided into 3 modules. The pre-processing module is responsible for reading the database and returning its main information, in addition to identifying anomalies and imputing missing records. The exploratory analysis module performs a statistical summary of the data, correlation analysis in addition to exploring the data with dynamic tables and graphs. In the Matupá meteorological data, inconsistencies in temperature and precipitation were identified, in addition to 55.1% of failure in the records, in Sinop the failures add up to 28%. The system was efficient in imputing missing data on temperature, relative humidity and precipitation. In Matupá, temperatures vary between 10 and 40 ° C with annual averages of 33 ° C with a positive upward trend. Precipitation is prevalent in the months of January to April and from October to December. PAP Meteor can contribute to the knowledge generation process, contributing to greater sustainability and rationalization of resources in agro-ecosystems.

15
  • VICENTE PATARAICO JUNIOR
  • PRODUÇÃO, BIOQUÍMICA E ECOFISIOLOGIA DE PLANTAS HÍBRIDAS DE TOMATE (Solanum lycopersicum (L)) CULTIVADO EM DIFERENTES TIPOS DE AMBIENTE NA TRANSIÇÃO CERRADO AMAZÔNIA

  • Advisor : SANTINO SEABRA JUNIOR
  • Data: Jul 15, 2021


  • Show Resume
  • The use of protected cultivation systems for tomato plants has corroborated the agronomic viability of the crop, but plastic coverings and/or polycarbonate can bring a different dynamic regarding production in regions with humid tropical climate by interfering in the environmental conditions of cultivation for the species. The present study aims to analyze physiological and productive aspects of tomato hybrids of determined habit of the salad group influenced by protected cultivation environments covered with polycarbanate and agricultural film and open field, in summer cultivation in a transition region between Cerrado and Amazon, in Sinop /Mt. 'Thaise', 'Trucker' and 'DS0060' salad tomato hybrids were cultivated in a protected environment covered with agricultural film (FA) and another with polycarbonate (P) and under field conditions. The hybrids Thaise and Trucker showed high productivity 92.6 and 88.2 t ha-1 in the environment covered with polycarbonate, respectively. The fruits of the hybrid 'Thaíse' showed higher antioxidant activity.

2020
???dissertacoes???
1
  • SAMIELE CAMARGO DE OLIVEIRA DOMINGUES
  • MICRORGANISMOS COMO AGENTES BIOLÓGICOS DE Meloidogyne spp. E PROMOTORES DE CRESCIMENTO EM CULTIVARES DE ALFACE

  • Advisor : MARCO ANTONIO CAMILLO DE CARVALHO
  • Data: Feb 11, 2020


  • Show Resume
  • Lettuce is an important vegetable due to its nutritional value, but the main form of cultivation (soil) and the need for a large amount of production, makes the crop dependent on high production technology. As an alternative for sustainable management to meet the need for consumption, the present work through three experiments aimed to evaluate the capacity of microorganisms as biological agents in two cultivars of curly lettuce (Mediterranean and Solar) on the nematicidal potential of Meloidogyne spp., And also assess whether they are capable of promoting growth. The first (Mediterranean) and the second (Solaris) experiment were carried out to test the behavior of each cultivar. For this, a completely randomized design was used in a 7 x 3 factorial scheme, in which biological agents (Witness, three isolates of T. atroviride, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis and Azospirillum brasilense) were applied on the Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. enterolobii infestation. In the third experiment aiming to evaluate the capacity of growth promoters, a completely randomized design was used in the factorial scheme 2 x 6, with two cultivars (Mediterrânea and Solaris), on the action of growth promoters (Witness, Three isolates of Trichoderma atroviride, Bacillus subtilis and Azospirillum brasilense). Both experiments were conducted in a protected environment, consisting of microorganisms applied via solution to the lettuce roots. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and the treatment averages were compared using the Scott Knott test at 5% probability with the aid of the Sisvar software. The use of microorganisms as biological agents and growth promoters has shown promise, especially the use of Bacillus subtilis and T. atroviride.

2
  • MARCUS HENRIQUE MARTINS E SILVA
  • COLEOBROCAS E TÉRMITAS EM SISTEMAS NATIVOS E HOMOGÊNEOS DE CASTANHA-DO-PARÁ (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) NO NORTE DE MATO GROSSO

  • Advisor : JULIANA GARLET
  • Data: Feb 14, 2020


  • Show Resume
  • Pará nut is an important forest species in the Amazon biome, and its economic exploitation is based on its timber and non-timber products, especially almonds. The northern region of Mato Grosso is mainly responsible for the production of Pará nuts in the state, and, moreover, for its edaphoclimatic conditions, has great potential for the development of homogeneous and intercropped production systems. In forest agroecosystems, especially homogeneous plantations, the occurrence of damage by pest insects is one of the main obstacles to productive success. In general, the orders Coleoptera and Blattodea (Termitoidea), are of high economic relevance since they can under certain management conditions cause deterioration of forest individuals, seedling mortality, damage to the root system, and other injuries. Thus, this work evaluated the occurrence of termites and coleobrocas in native and homogeneous systems of Pará nuts in the north of Mato Grosso. In the evaluation of coleobrocas (Subfamily Scolytinae) associated with these production systems, three Brazil nuts were studied: Native Anthropized Planting nut, Homogeneous Planting nut and Preserved Native Planting nut. In each environment, 12 modified Pet-Santa Maria traps were used during four sampling periods in the biennium (2018-2019). The collected material was identified at species level and the data submitted to faunal analysis, correlation and clustering. A total of 2,356 scolitans were sampled in 36 species in the three Brazil nut trees. Conserved Native Castanhal had the highest species richness (30), followed by Homogeneous Planting nut (27) and Anthropized Native Planting nut (27). The species Xyleborus affinis (Eichhoff, 1868) was classified as superdominant in the three environments, being considered a species of great economic importance for cultivated forest systems. The study of the occurrence of Cerambycidae coleobrocas was conducted in the area of the Homogeneous Planting nut with 12 ethanolic traps in four sampling periods between 2018 and 2019. In this survey a total of 28 individuals were distributed, distributed in 6 species, being Trachyderes succinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Chlorida festiva (Linnaeus, 1758) the most representative, which are also recorded attacking several forest species of economic interest. Cerambicidae abundance was correlated with climatic variables (temperature, relative humidity and precipitation), with no significance. In order to study the occurrence and spatial distribution of termites in the Homogeneous Castanhal, a 40-point grid sampling was adopted, and at each point buried cellulosic traps were buried at 20 cm depth, which remained in the field for 40 days. A total of 1405 individuals were sampled, of which 396 (28.1%) belong to the genus Nasutitermes and 1009 (71.8%) to the species Heterotermes tenuis (Hagen, 1858). The spatial distribution analyzed by the Morisita index indicated that the distribution pattern is of the aggregate type. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that the monitoring of coleobrocas and termites in native and homogeneous Pará nut systems are fundamental for the development of integrated pest management strategies, as well as for the understanding of the ecological dynamics of these agents in the systems forestry.

3
  • DANIELLE VIEIRA RODRIGUES LOPES
  • ATRIBUTOS FENOLÓGICOS, VIABILIDADEPOLÍNICA E GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES EM Cucurbita moschata  Duchesne (CUCURBITACEAE)



  • Advisor : SERGIO ALESSANDRO MACHADO SOUZA
  • Data: Feb 28, 2020


  • Show Resume
  • The Cucurbitaceae family consists of watermelon, cucumber, melon, gherkin and
    pumpkin, representing 20% of the world's vegetable production and has
    approximately 90 genera. Pumpkins belong to the genus Cucurbita represented by
    approximately 750 species. This culture is of great importance because it is part of
    human food, in addition to being produced on a large scale. The objective of this
    study was to evaluate 11 traditional varieties of the species
    C.moschata regarding
    phenological attributes, political viability and genetic divergence through germination
    characteristics. 11 traditional pumpkins varieties previously collected from seven rural
    properties located in the municipalities in the north of the state of Mato Grosso were
    evaluated. The study began in October 2018 with sowing and observations of
    phenological development occurred between November 2018 and March 2019. The
    experiment was installed in a randomized block design (DBC), with four replications
    and eleven treatments, in the municipality of Alta Floresta. The experimental unit
    (plot), consisted of 6 plants, the spacing between lines and between plants was 2.0 m
    x 2.0 m, in a total of 66 plants per block, totaling 264 plants. For pollen viability, the
    Alexander triple solution was used, the scores attributed to evaluate the phenological
    stages were based on the species Passiflora edulis Sims and the characteristics for
    the evaluation of genetic divergence were based on the recommendations of the
    Rules for Seed Analysis. In the phenological evaluations it was observed that all the
    studied varieties reached the complete phenological cycle. The UNEMAT 024 access
    showed precocity in the appearance of female flower buds and obtained the lowest
    phenological cycle, showing that it adapts to the environmental conditions of the
    region. The average viability was 86%, with access to UNEMAT 020 with the highest
    value of 96.40% and UNEMAT 024 with the lowest value to 70.15%. High pollen
    viability was verified in all collected varieties, indicating aptitude for pollination. In the
    analysis of genetic divergence, the characteristics with the greatest contribution to
    genetic divergence between varieties were fresh air mass and air length. The graphic
    dispersion of the varietiesthroughthecanonicalvariablesshowedabehaviorpartiallyinagreement with Tocher's grouping method, however it formed one more group. Considering the
    germinative potential, the most suitable access to integrate future germplasm banks
    and breeding programs, aiming at commercial production and the maintenance of the
    genetic resources of the species is UNEMAT 016, as it presented a high germinative
    percentage and a higher rate of germination speed, and the UNEMAT 017 access
    because it had high germination and low percentage of abnormal seedlings with only
    10%. The results obtained in this study can help farmers to improve their yields
    because it shows which varieties can be more effective to reach the final stage of
    production, in addition, this genetic material can be used in new studies involving
    breeding programs in the northern region of Mato Grosso.




4
  • JACÓ DE SOUZA SANTOS
  • CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE VARIEDADES LOCAIS DE MILHO DO NORTE DO ESTADO DE MATO GROSSO E SUA APLICAÇÃO NA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA COM O USO DA EXPERIMENTAÇÃO

  • Advisor : ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI
  • Data: Mar 10, 2020


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  • Maise (Zea mays L) belongs to the Poaceae family to the genus zea. It constitutes a species of great economic importance, in addition to having a relevant role for traditional populations and family farming, it also has great diversity of use, ranging from human food, animal feed and raw material for agro-industries of different branches. Being an allogamous species with one of the greatest genetic variability among species of cultivated plants, the result of human selection and climatic adaptations suffered by the species over time, which allows its production in different environments all over the world. For all these attributes, maize is present in most small rural properties and, in several of them, the cultivated varieties have been maintained and cultivated throughout the generations. Usually, the maize variety is selected and maintained by these farmers for certain specific purposes of their property (human and animal food, silage production, flours) and, over time, adapted to the management and characteristics of their growing region. The practice of cultivating low-tech Creole maize often occurs on family properties, especially subsistence ones. Under these conditions, the cultivation of Creole maize results in a satisfactory productive yield, allowing the producer to make use of the selected seeds from one crop to another, through the practice of mass selection of the most vigorous plants. The present work aimed to characterize the genetic divergence by means of morphological characters of local varieties of Creole maize grown in the municipality of CarlindaMT and to work with the use of experimentation in the development of a research with high school students of E. E. Frei Caneca using a variety of Creole maize of scientific methodology. Ten varieties acquired from the producers were selected and 16 morpho-agronomic characters were evaluated, eight quantitative and eight qualitative. For the characterization of genetic diversity, the Principal Component Analysis method was used, based on the measures of dissimilarities obtained with the Mahalanobis Distance, using the computational resource of the GENES program. Principal component analyzes were useful to indicate the xii characteristics that most influenced the response variable. The characters that most discriminated the varieties were ear height, number of grain rows and average ear diameter. The graphic dispersion based on the first two main components revealed the formation of two distinct groups among the ten evaluated varieties, showing the intraspecific genetic diversity of the genotypes. The use of experimentation in the classroom, with research involving Creole maize, based on scientific methods, was carried out with high school students. The activities carried out through the development of this experiment with theoretical and practical activities in a school environment allowed the student to develop, in addition to skills related to understanding the content, a critical awareness regarding the preservation of the environment with the use of sustainable production practices, in addition to allow the development of practical work. The study was carried out at the Frei Caneca State School, in the municipality of Carlinda - MT, from April to July 2019. The development of the research took place in meetings with theoretical and practical activities and whose final objective was to develop with the participants a scientific work with the evaluation of pollen viability and post meiotic index in a variety of Creole maize that was planted in the schoolyard for this purpose, also included the application of a pre-questionnaire and at the end a post-questionnaire with the objective of assessing learning during the project development process. The activities carried out through the development of this experiment with theoretical and practical activities in a school environment allow the student to develop, in addition to skills related to understanding the content, a critical awareness regarding the preservation of the environment with the use of sustainable production practices, in addition to allow the development of practical work. The use of knowledge and methodology produced in the scientific environment in the teaching of biology contents enabled, in addition to formal and non-formal educational practice and its complementarity and the development of scientific education / culture, also contributed to the strengthening of teamwork, companionship and greater interaction between the segments involved in the project, developing a strategy that contributed to popularize science, enrich formal education and reinforce alternative modes of learning.

2014
???dissertacoes???
1
  • JULIANA DE FREITAS ENCINAS DARDENGO
  • Diversidade genética, distribuição espacial e anatomia foliar de Theobroma L. em população natural no norte do estado de Mato Grosso

  • Advisor : ANA APARECIDA BANDINI ROSSI
  • Data: Feb 24, 2014


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  • The spatial and genetic distribution analysis and the anatomical knowledge of a
    species is a very useful tool to understand your ecological behavior because it
    provides information that underlie management strategies and influence the
    population structure. The present study aimed to study the horizontal structure
    of the species Theobroma speciosum (cacauhy) and Theobroma subincanum
    (cupui) and also characterize the genetic diversity and anatomy of leaves of T.
    speciosum, recording the structural differences observed between sun leaves
    and shade leaves. The genetic diversity detected was spatially structured within
    the population, and that the closer the trees, more is the probability of being
    closely related. In relation to spatial distribution, the T. speciosum individuals
    showed aggregated distribution pattern, while T. subincanum presented a
    random pattern. The diameter distribution of T. speciosum followed a
    distribution in the form of inverted "J", behavior expected for a forest
    environment with low anthropic pressure, as T. subincanum not followed the
    same pattern, however the species proved to be well established in the area,
    with a significant number of individuals in all diameter classes. The constitution
    of the sun and shade leaves of T. speciosum mesophyll varied with the
    environment. Plants exposed to full sunlight showed longer cells in the palisade
    parenchyma, spongy parenchyma also showed many layers of overlapping
    cells, whereas shade leaves showed cells with many intercellular spaces. Were
    observed significant anatomical changes caused by variations of light intensity
    on the leaves, which revealed a large adaptive capacity of T. speciosum. Thus,
    the results indicate the importance of conservation areas established in order to
    safeguard the natural environment from the pressures of different anthropic
    actions, and also the need for studies in the region of the Amazon biome.

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