Safflower is an oilseed with energy potential, tolerant to adverse climatic conditions such as high temperature and water restrictions, which has the potential to be cultivated during the second harvest period in the Central-West region of Brazil, where we have cultivation restrictions due to the reduction rain and rising temperatures. Safflower cultivation is recent in the State of Mato Grosso, requiring more studies regarding the cultivation system and in this sense, this study intended to evaluate nine safflower genotypes in different spacing between planting rows. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Genetic Resources & Biotechnology Laboratory (LRG&B) at UNEMAT, in Cáceres-MT, evaluating nine safflower genotypes in four row spacings (0.30 m; 0.45 m; 0.60 and 0.75 m), in a 9x4 factorial scheme, in a randomized block design, with three replications. Nine variables were evaluated, namely: Flowering; Number of branches per plant; Number of chapters per plant; Plant height; Diameter of chapters; Number of seeds per chapter; Weight of 1000 seeds; Crop cycle and productivity per plant. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, with subsequent use of the Skott and Knott mean grouping tests and regression. The results showed significant differences at 1 and 5% probability between the genotypes and for the spacings evaluated, where no significant interaction between the factors was found. The factors were evaluated individually and for the genotypes, PI 568870 and PI 613361 showed a shorter cultivation period, while for the production components (NCP, NRP, DCAP, NSC, P1000, and PROD) PI 405970 and IPR 221 expressed performance superior agronomic. For the spacings evaluated, the genotypes showed better performance in DCAP, P1000 and PROD at a spacing of 0.60 m, while at a spacing of 0.30 m the agronomic performance was not adequate for the genotypes PI 405970, PI 393500 and IPR 221.

Passiflora nitida Kunth is known as passion fruit, it is a wild plant with exotic flavor fruits. It is found in almost all of Brazil, mainly in the Cerrado region, P. nitida can also be found in the North, Midwest and Northeast regions. P. nitida is part of the group of sweet passion fruit that are consumed in natura, its fruits are widely used in the preparation of sweets and juices. P. nitida is among the species that have the greatest resistance to diseases such as fusariosis. Because of this, further studies are needed to break dormancy, especially in wild species, such as P. clara. The objective of this work is to establish a method for overcoming dormancy for P. nitida seeds using passion fruit juice and rooting cuttings of the wild species P. cristalina and P. miniata. The experimental material used will be the seeds of P. clara Kunth and the fruit of P. edulis for juice extraction. The fruits of P. nitida will be weighed on an analytical scale, then with the aid of a caliper, length and width measurements will be taken. The experiment will be established in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and the control and six replications. The data will be submitted to analysis of variance and, when significance is found by the F test, the means of the treatments will be compared by the Tukey test, at 5% probability, the program used will be the R program.

The teak tree, native to the tropical forests of the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia, has adapted well to equatorial and tropical climates. In Brazil, teak production is increasingly growing, with financial returns in 25 years. Therefore, it is necessary to minimize losses during cultivation as, despite teak's good resistance characteristics to biotic and abiotic factors, certain phytosanitary factors can compromise production. An example is teak cancer, which causes bark detachment, especially near the pruning area and exudation of the vessels, presenting a protuberance. The recurring problems of this fungus in Brazil require more in-depth studies. Hence, this work aims to identify different teak genotypes resistant to the Lasiodiplodia theobromae fungus. The study was conducted at the experimental field of UNEMAT – Cáceres Campus, where the studied population was obtained from an in vivo germplasm bank of the Teak Resources Company. The plants were produced via cuttings in polyethylene tubes and transplanted after approximately 15 days into individual pots. They were kept in a shaded area covered with 70% shade cloth and watered by a drip irrigation system for 150 days until inoculation. For inoculation, isolate 102 was used, being the most aggressive isolate of Lasiodiplodia theobroma, from the mycology collection of the LMGV (Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement) of UNEMAT. It was cultivated in MYEA culture medium (2% malt extract, 0.2% yeast extract, 2% agar) in Petri dishes for 20 days until full colonization. After 150 days of inoculation, the plants will be harvested, removing all the bark to reveal the lesion area. The experimental design will be a completely randomized block, consisting of 167 treatments (teak genotypes), three blocks, with two plants per plot, totaling 1002 plants. The lesion area data will be subjected to analysis of variance and then, the average values of the variable will be analyzed by Selegen -REML/BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction).

In Brazil, the presence of L. theobromae causing cancer and even death in Tectona grandis was identified, in this 

sense the objective of this study is to carry out the characterization of Lasiodiplodia theobromae associated with

the damage caused in Tectona grandis and to identify the potential severity of the isolates collected in the state 

from Mato Grosso and Pará. The study will be divided into two stages, the first being conducted at the Laboratory 

of Plant Genetic Improvement with the morphological characterization of samples collected from symptomatic teak

 plants and isolated in culture medium with subsequent identification under an optical microscope, for cultural

 characterization of the isolates, will be An experiment was set up in a 6 x 3 x 2 factorial arrangement

 (temperature, culture medium, photoperiod) and every 24 hours the mycelial growth diameter (DM) will be 

measured, until the colony completely covers the diameter of the Petri dish, quantifying the number of conidia 

with the aid of a Neubauer chamber. In this way the average mycelial growth rate will be determined.

 The analysis  of variance and the means when significant will be compared by the Scott-Knott test with a 

probability of 5% using the Sisvar computer program. The second stage will be carried out in a greenhouse

with an aggressiveness and pathogenicity test of the different isolates inoculated in UNEMAT 33 genotype. 

The plants will be evaluated at 150 days after the fungus inoculation, the internal lesion length (CL) will be

 measured by longitudinal section. of the stem of the seedlings and evaluation of the lesion area (AL). The data

 obtained will be applied by the Scott-Knott test at the level of 5% of probability for the comparison of the 

means using the static program Sisvar.

Vochysia divergens Pohl., popularly known as cambará, belongs to the Vochysiaceae family, is a tree species, naturally found in floodplains and riparian forests in the Pantanal. Its wood is used to make canoes, troughs and toys, and the species also has medicinal, ornamental and reforestation uses. Despite being widely used, there are no studies regarding its cytogenotoxic potential and genetic diversity. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the cytogenotoxic potential of aqueous extracts (infusion and decoction) of the stem bark of V. divergens, using the Allium cepa test, as well as to characterize the diversity and genetic structure of native populations in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso state, Brazil using microsatellite molecular markers. The evaluation of the cytogenotoxic potential was carried out with two types of aqueous extracts (infusion and decoction), with five different concentrations and two controls, being distilled water (negative control) and copper sulphate pentahydrate (positive control). The two aqueous extracts have cytogenotoxic potential on the cells of the apical meristem of Allium cepa. The exception was the concentration of 200 mg ml^-1 of the infused extract, since it did not differ statistically from the negative control, being indicated for human consumption. The genetic diversity and structure were evaluated in 152 individuals distributed in six natural populations in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso state, using seven microsatellite molecular markers. 33 alleles were amplified, with an average of 4.71 alleles per locus. The six populations present He lower than Ho. The fixation index was negative, which indicated greater heterozygosity in the populations. The PIC ranged from 0.110 to 0.729 and only one locus was uninformative. We found 4 rare and 13 exclusive alleles in the populations. The largest component of variation was within populations (52.78%) and the gene flow estimate was 0.26, indicating low gene flow among populations. The clusters generated three groups. It is observed that the genetic structure is not related to the geographical distance among populations. Vochysia divergens has cytogenotoxic potential and its native populations in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso state present levels of important genetic diversity to help in practices that ensure the management and conservation of the species.

In vitro propagation has been used in Brazil for just over 25 years, mainly to increase the production of seedlings 

with quality and uniformity. Essential oils are aromatic products of secondary metabolism of plants, extracted 

from seeds, barks or leaves, they present volatile substances, they have numerous utilities such as in food, 

cosmetic and sanitizing formulations, currently they are used in many works of plant tissue culture, with antifungal

 and antibacterial action, so this work aims to evaluate the influence of different doses of three essential oils

 (Clove, Melaleuca and Ginger) on the vegetative development of Catasetum sp., evaluate the material grown 

in vitro through cytogenetics , characterizing the genetic parameters and genetic diversity of the species. 

The experiment will be conducted at the Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Plant Tissue Culture at the State University

 of Mato Grosso Carlos Alberto Reyes Maldonado – Campus de Alta Floresta – MT. Germination tests will be

 carried out with the tetrazolium dye. Catasetum protocorms will be used, obtained from in vitro sowing in an 

alternative culture medium consisting of 30g L-1 of sucrose, 4g L-1 of activated charcoal, 

2g L-1 of B&G® fertilizer, 100 mL L-1 of coconut water (RODRIGUES, 2012). The culture medium will be

prepared in the laboratory and autoclaved at 121°C for 20 minutes, with adjusted pH, and then sterilized 

with the addition of sterilized essential oils (Melaleuca Oil, Clove Oil and Ginger Oil). The design used will be 

a completely randomized design, using protocorms of Catasetum sp., with 6 treatments 

(0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mL L-1 of tea tree oil, cloves and ginger), with 5 replications analyzing 20 seedlings 

per treatment.

Carthamus tinctorius L. is an annual oilseed belonging to the Asteraceae family, of interest to agriculture due to the versatility of its raw material with employment in the food, textile, and pharmaceutical industries. It is recognized for the high quality of the oil produced and its favorable agronomic characteristics to adverse conditions, such as tolerance to drought and cold, which can become an alternative crop for periods with higher risk of water shortage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the agronomic performance of safflower genotypes based on agronomic characteristics in order to select genitors. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Laboratory of Genetic Resources & Biotechnology - LRG&B, linked to the Department of Agronomy of the State University of Mato Grosso, Campus of Caceres, where 30 safflower genotypes from the Germplasm Collection were evaluated in a randomized block design, with three repetitions via eight agronomic characteristics. The data were submitted to variance analysis and multivariate analysis, where the genetic divergence was estimated by the generalized Mahalanobis distance (D²_ii') using the relative importance of the characters and the Tocher grouping methods, hierarchical UPGMA, and 3D projection. The results indicated significant differences at 1 and 5% probability for the evaluated characteristics, showing the existence of genetic variability among the safflower genotypes. The variables ALTP and DMC were the ones that presented the greatest contribution to the genetic divergence among the 30 genotypes. Tocher's optimization, hierarchical UPGMA and 3D projection methods showed similar clusters in 90%. The genotypes PI 572450 and PI 613382 the most divergent (D²_ii'= 62.84), however, the lowest divergence was observed between the genotypes PI 306844 and PI 401475 with a distance of D²_ii'= 1.84. The genotypes PI 613419, PI 343930, PI 572450 and PI 613382 showed better performance for the evaluated traits and higher genetic dissimilarity, suggesting potential to be used in a breeding program involving future crosses for the safflower crop.

Tectona grandis, popularly known as teak, is an economically important tree species in the timber sector in Brazil. The market is interested in the attractive characteristics of wood such as beauty, color, durability, physical aspects and flexibility of use. Its use is mainly intended for the furniture industry, but other important sectors are covered such as shipbuilding, floors and decoration utensils. The adaptability of teak to soils and tropical climates is another aspect that makes it possible to maximize commercial plantations. One of the factors that limit production is the occurrence of diseases, including canker caused by L. theobromae, which is one of the most destructive, as it infects the stem and directly compromises the quality of the wood. Therefore, this work will be developed with the objective of identifying teak resistant genotypes to canker, through phenotyping studies of clones inoculated with L. theobromae. A fungus isolate will be inoculated into 187 teak genotypes, in a randomized block design (DBC) with three replications and experimental unit consisting of 2 plants per plot. The inoculation of the seedlings will follow the methodology proposed by the consulted literature, with adaptations, 120 days after transplanting the seedlings. The seedlings will be slaughtered in a destructive way in order to evaluate and measure the area colonized by the pathogen with photographic record and evaluation made through image software 120 days after inoculation. Finally, analysis of variance will be performed and the averages will be grouped by Scott knott. Based on the results obtained, promising clones will be indicated for the next stages of improvement, contributing to the creation of resistant cultivars, collaborating with teak foresters and the country's forestry development.

This research aims to analyze the on-farm conservation of cassava practiced by a community in the Baixada Cuiabana region, state of Mato Grosso, under the ethnobotanical and molecular aspects, through the study of the genetic diversity of the collection they maintain. Root and tuber cultures originating in tropical regions play an important role in Brazilian small-scale agriculture, especially cassava. In the Baixada Cuiabana region, there is a strong characteristic that traditional farmers have in common, which is their dedication to the production of cassava, with in-depth knowledge about the management of ethnovariety, production and processing. Farmers were interviewed about ethnobotanical aspects of cassava, applying a questionnaire with open questions regarding the characteristics of each ethnovariety maintained by the farmer, morphological and physiological aspects, and how the vine was acquired. The collected sheets for molecular characterizations with fluorescent microsatellites. The leaf tissues of the cassava species they maintained were inserted into 2.0 mL polypropylene tubes with loading buffer (containing 1 mL of saturated NaCL-CTAB solution, 70g of NaCL, 3g of CTAB dissolved in 200 mL of water distilled). Then, the material was identified and sent to the Phytochemical Laboratory of Embrapa Agrossilvipastoril, Sinop-MT, and stored in a freezer at -4ºC until DNA extraction. To analyze the genetic diversity of cassava ethnovarities, allele frequencies, number of alleles per locus (A), expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity, allele fixation index (f) and percentage of polymorphic loci were estimated. (%P) through the GDA program - Genetic Data Analysis. The mean for expected (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity stands out with significant values, 0.67 and 0.72, respectively, with observed heterozygosity was higher than expected in nine of the 15 loci analyzed. Farmers' ethnobotanical practices contributed to the high genetic diversity found in the collection. There are rare alleles within the evaluated population, which reinforces the importance of maintaining and expanding the on farm/in situ conservation of these collections in order to stop genetic erosion. The matrinxã ethnovarity stood out for being the most divergent among the collection.

Beans are among the main crops of greatest economic importance and the most produced in the Brazil. 

One of the main problems that affect the culture are diseases, between the main one and the one that the 

most significant loss is Fusarium wilt, caused by the Fusarium pathogen oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, and its

main control measure is the use of resistant cultivars. THE identification of sources of resistance and development 

of resistant cultivars is one of the targets of plant genetic improvement. Thus, the objective of this work is to 

identify SNPs markers associated with Fop resistance in common bean.

The genus Catasetum is formed by the species that belong to the Cymbidieae group, many of these species are terrestrial, the genus is the one that most arouses interest in botanists, due to its admirable adaptation and the trimorphism in its flowers. Studies related to the chromosome number for this genus point to a large chromosomal variation, directing hybridization as one of the responsible for the increase in diversity, a fact that can be commonly used to seek characteristics considered to be of greater acceptance. Therefore, this work aims to perform the chromosomal characterization of Catasetum saccatum x Catasetum saccatum mutant, from the analysis of chromosomal morphometry to contribute to botanical, evolutionary and genetic improvement studies. The cariological variability of these plants generates results that may present possible differences between the species based on the chromosomes. The study was carried out at the Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Plant Tissue Culture of the University of the State of Mato Grosso “Carlos Alberto Reyes Maldonado” (UNEMAT) Campus of Alta Floresta - MT, using explants of Catasetum saccatum x Catasetum saccatum mutante cultivated in the Alta Floresta Orquidário. Florestense of the same unit. For cell blockage, root meristems were blocked in 3 μM amiprophos-methyl (APM) for 15 hours, then the roots were fixed in methanol:acetic acid (3:1) solution. To prepare the slides, the treated meristems were washed to remove excess blocker, after which the roots were exposed to enzymatic digestion composed of three enzymes in a water bath at 36°C, for 1:30 hours, for later staining of the slides. slides were stained with 5% Giemsa solution (Merck KGaA). Observations were performed using a Microscope, and measured using the MicroMeasure program version 3.3 (MM). In view of the chromosomal morphometric analysis, we observed that the C. saccatum species has a total of 54 chromosomes, and the mutant C. saccatum species, in addition to the characteristics visibly observed in the flowers, has a chromosomal deletion in pair 2, with the loss of the satellite in one of the chromosomes, causing the appearance of 3 male structures in the plant. Thus, classical cytogenetics is extremely necessary in the analysis of mutations occurring in species.

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a legume with great importance in human food for all social classes, especially for the poorest, due to its low cost and great nutritional qualities and great economic and social importance, being its cultivation affected by several biotic and abiotic factors that reduce productivity and make the product more expensive for the final consumer. Among the main pathogens, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Lib. de (Bary), the phytopathogen that causes white mold, stands out for its wide dissemination, potential damage to crops and resistance structures. This work aimed to determine the genetic factors that make up the physiological resistance of common bean to the phytopathogen that causes white mold. Crosses between common bean genotypes BGF 13 X BGF 89, BGF 20 X PI 207262 and BGF 20 X BRS FC 402, contrasting in terms of resistance to white mold previously selected and from different gene pools, were obtained, obtaining the generation F1 and F2 segregating generation. The resulting plants in F2 were inoculated with an isolate of the phytopathogen that causes white mold by the “seedling straw test” method (seedling straw test) and the variables noted at day 5, Area Below the Disease Progress Curve (AACPD) and Plant Disease Ratio (RDP) were used to determine environmental variance, genotypic variance, phenotypic variance, broad-sense heritability and number of genes through the joint scale test performed in the genes statistical software. The environmental variance represented, in general, a large part of the phenotypic variance, indicating that the characteristic white mold resistance is moderate to highly influenced by the environment, in agreement with what has already been reported in previous studies. The genotypic variance was expressive only for the variable RDP in the crosses between BGF 13 X BGF 89 and BGF 20 X PI 207262, moderately expressive for the variable Grade at 5th day and AACPD for the BGF 20 X PI 207262. The segregating generation F2 presented individuals with resistance and susceptible, indicating the efficiency of determination of resistant individuals by the straw method in seedlings and the polygenic nature of resistance to white mold. Broad sense heritability was moderate to high for white mold resistance. The estimate indicated the number equal to or greater than 2 genes in the expression of resistance to white mold, indicating the action of polygenes in the determination of resistance to white mold.

Acting in the generation of thermal energy, as a substitute for combustion in boilers, or production of low-cost roughage for animal feed, sorghum biomass has gained space in recent years, due to its formidable characteristics both for co-generation of energy and the possibility of be ensiled and fed to animals. In view of this, research aimed at increasing the productive potential is prioritized, however studies of the genotype x environment interaction (GxE) are important, since this is one of the greatest difficulties when recommending cultivars for planting in different locations. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the interaction between biomass sorghum genotypes and cultivation environments in the State of Mato Grosso for the characteristics height, green mass production (PMV), dry mass production (DMS) and biomass moisture at harvest. Thus, in a 24 x 2 factorial scheme (24 genotypes x 2 environments), 22 biomass sorghum genotypes and two silage sorghum cultivars, used as controls, were cultivated in the municipalities of Cáceres and Sinop, in a randomized block design, with three repetitions. The useful experimental plots consisted of 2 rows of five meters, spaced 0.70m apart. The data of the measured characteristics were submitted to analysis of variance and the means of the genotypes, for the characteristics that demonstrated significance in the F Test (P<0.05) were grouped by the Scoot-Knott test, at 5% probability. The presence of the GxE interaction was verified for all the characteristics mentioned above. When splitting the GXA interaction into its simple and complex parts, as proposed by Cruz and Castoldi, with the exception of height, the other characteristics showed that the complex part prevails. Such results indicate that the best genotype for cultivation in Cáceres does not coincide with the best for Sinop. New tests are recommended in a greater number of environments in Mato Grosso that allow a study of the adaptability and stability of genotypes, thus allowing the safe recommendation of biomass sorghum genotypes for cultivation in the state.

Manihot esculenta Crantz popularly known as cassava, is the only species of the genus Manihot domesticated for human consumption and cultivated for commercialization. Cassava is cultivated in different kinds of soil and climatic conditions, has productive potential and is of significant importance in the diet. The objective of this study was to carry out the morphoagronomic characterization and evaluate the culinary quality of three landraces of cassava in three harvest seasons, in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Paranaíta, Mato Grosso, Brazil. The morphoagronomic and culinary characterization were carried out with three cassava landraces (“mandioca de fritar sem cozinhar”, “mandioca branca” and “branquinha”) at three different harvest times (6, 8 and 10 months post-planting). The following characteristics were evaluated: shoot and tuberous root productivity, harvest index, number of roots per plant, length and diameter of the root, skin color, cortex and pulp, root shape, epidermis texture, root constrictions, skin and cortex detachment, cooking time, cooked mass pattern and post-harvest root deterioration. The results show that the harvest times influence the yield characteristics, the landrace “mandioca de fritar sem cozinhar” at six months post-planting, standing out from the others in terms of shoot production as well as tuberous root productivity. As for the phenotypic characteristics evaluated in the roots of the landraces, there was variation, with the exception of pulp color and root constrictions. The “mandioca de fritar sem cozinhar” and “branquinha” cooked in a conventional pot were not influenced by the harvest times, as they presented regular cooking (21-30 minutes) in all evaluations. While the “mandioca branca” was affected, presenting regular cooking only in the eight-month harvest. In the other hand, the cooking time in a pressure cooker was not altered by the harvest seasons in any of the three cassava landraces. Cassava root peeling and cooked pasta pattern were not affected by harvest times. The roots of the landraces presented 20% of deterioration in the harvest at eight months post-planting and in the other harvest times they did not deteriorate, after being kept for five days post-harvest at ambient temperature. We concluded, therefore, that the best time to harvest the three landraces is in the sixth month after planting, being the “mandioca de fritar sem cozinhar” indicated for productive purposes, while for culinary purposes, the three landraces (“mandioca de fritar sem cozinhar”, “mandioca branca” and “branquinha”) are suitable for cultivation on the soil and climate conditions of the municipality of Paranaíta, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

Agrobiodiversity is the agricultural part of biodiversity, made up of a set of species according to the interests of people, resulting from the relationship between human beings and nature. This study aimed to map the agrobiodiversity of 40 homegardens in Nova Guarita, Mato Grosso, and calculate the diversity of species and classify them through bibliographic consultation in botanical families and origin; as well as characterize the phenology of Trichosanthes cucumerina the Fournier scale, characterize the biometry of fruits and seeds and determine the functional constituents of the fruit pulp. As for agrobiodiversity, of the 40 informants, 30 were female and 10 were male, aged between 20 and 70 years old, most of them from the Midwest region (37.5%). 134 species (average of 59.1) were identified, of which 63% of the plants are in the homegardens, 17.93% in the gardens, 2.03% species in the forests. The Shannon Indices averaged 1.72. Of the species observed, 67% are exotic and 33% are native. In total, 47 botanical families were identified, with a predominance of Cucurbitaceae (12). As for the phenology of metro Trichosanthes cucumerina and the biggest peaks of flower buds and anthesis flowers were in the months of June (80%) and July (94%). The lowest intensities were in the months of May (33%) and August (22%). The fruiting intensity was gradual, June, July and August was 72%, 80%, 70%, respectively. The highest intensity of ripe fruits was in the month of August (94%). The biometric means of the fruits were length (86.11 cm), and of the seeds (XX). The content of functional constituents were: 0.50 to 0.60 ºBrix (ripe fruits) and 0.40 (immature). Regarding Acidity (TTA) was (1.28 and 1.41 mg / 100g) and for ripe fruits (1.97 and 2.259 mg / 100g). The average lycopene content was 1.057 (mg / 100g) for ripe fruits and 0.089 for immature fruits. The phenolic antioxidant activity has a good concentration, and the vitamin C content varied between a minimum of 12.11 and 18.16mg / 100ml. The diversity of species maintained by the studied settlements is considered high, and is important for food and economic security. Most species are in homegardens and Curcubitacea is the main botanical family. The phenology of Trichosanthes cucumerina indicates that the fruits have gradual ripening, being a good characteristic aimed at consumption and sale. 

The safflower culture (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is one of the oldest in the world, being considered an oleaginous belonging to the Asteraceae family, whose raw material is destined for various purposes such as the production of lubricants, biofuels, soaps, varnishes, cooking oil and animal feed. The safflower culture is a very relevant oleaginous, it has attracted the attention of researchers and industries for having high quality and quantity of oil, being important the accomplishment of studies, mainly in the genetic improvement, that helps in the selection of superior genotypes. In this context, the evaluation of genetic variability with the use of markers is essential for the exploitation of genetic resources in plant breeding programs. Therefore, this work aimed to estimate the genetic variability of 121 safflower genotypes via 21 SSR molecular markers from the Genetic Resources & Biotechnology Laboratory (LRG&B) of the State University of Mato Grosso "Carlos Alberto Reyes Maldonado" (UNEMAT), Campus of Cáceres-MT. The study was conducted in the laboratory and in the vegetation house of LRG&B with controlled humidity and temperature. 121 safflower genotypes were evaluated, 11 of which were not used because they were from populations containing only one genotype, thus avoiding the overestimation of this information for these individuals, so the analyses were made with 110 genotypes from ten different populations. The genetic diversity of the 121 safflower genotypes was estimated by means of number of alleles, mean heterozygosity observed (Ho), mean heterozygosity expected (He) and inbreeding coefficient (F). The number of alleles detected among the genotypes considering the 21 loci was 158, ranging from six (CT6, CT12, CT13 and CT19) to 11 (CT26), with a mean of 8 alleles per locus.  The He can be considered high, ranging from 0.551 to 0.80, with an average of 0.71, while the Ho was low, ranging from 0.00 to 0.50, with an average of 0.03. F results were positive in all locus and in all populations, with a general average of 0.95. The high and positive F values are due to He levels in relation to Ho, both for each locus and in each population, indicating a probable inbreeding process.

The genus Catasetum belongs to the Orchidaceae family, which has approximately 300 species distributed throughout the Brazilian territory, which have been gradually destroyed by human anthropic action. The knowledge of the plant genome is of great importance for the characterization of the germplasm, and is essential for genetic improvement works, when crosses are programmed. And, being an integral part of cytogenetics, it has its fundamental contribution in evolutionary and taxonomic studies. In view of the above, the present study aimed to quantify the DNA by flow cytometry of the species mentioned above to generate results that can provide support to characterize the genus and that assist in research related to genetic improvement. The species C. atratum Lindl., C. albovirens Barb.Rodr., C. joaquinianum Campacci & G.F.Carr., C. hopkinsonianum G.F.Carr & V.P.Castro., C. discolor Lindl., C. rooseveltianum Hoehne. For cytometric analysis, young leaves of plants grown in the Altaflorestense nursery were used. Based on the data obtained through flow cytometry we can infer that the DNA content diverged for all species of Catasetuns studied, however Catasetum discolor was the one with the highest value of 9.711pg and Catasetum rooseveltinianum was the one with the lowest value of 6.063pg.

Safflower is an annual oilseed possessing oil with potential for use in several sectors, such as biodiesel production, pharmaceutical industry, paint manufacturing, besides ruminants feeding, since it is a product rich in linoleic and oleic acids and proteins. It is characterized as an oilseed plant for oil production, since this specie presents important characteristics such as simple management, similar to existing crops, high oil content, easy adaptation to Brazilian climate and also possibility of sub products generating from oil production to be used in animal feed. The present study evaluated the fatty acid profile of 120 safflower genotypes for oil quality, considering as evaluated characters palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid content. Means of each character were clustered by using Scott-Knott test (1974) at 1% probability. Considering all characters simultaneously, genetic divergence was estimated by Generalized Mahalanobis Distance (D²ii ́) and the most similar individuals were grouped by Tocher Optimization method and hierarchical grouping method UPGMA. The results indicated significant differences (p < 0.01) for all characters evaluated, evidencing the existence of genetic variability among studied genetic materials. Genotypes that stood out for the four variables analyzed were: PI 369842, PI 392031, PI 401474, PI 401475, PI 405975, PI 532639 and PI 613382. The genetic diversity of evaluated genotypes existing among the four fatty acids evaluated, combined with productive potential, suggests expressive expectations for obtaining promising genotypes in a safflower breeding program.

The balsa stick is a native species of the Amazon, occurring in Brazil and neighboring countries, having as a characteristic low density of wood, being used in the nautical and aeronautical industries. However, its use is not restricted only to these areas, but occurs from the furniture industries to medicinal purposes. Due to their characteristic of rapid growth, foresters in the state of Mato Grosso implemented commercial crops, but with seedlings without selection and standardization and little information on the crop. In order to promote the pre-improvement of the crop, the objective of this work was to estimate the basic density of the wood in situ, to evaluate the phenotypic variability among individuals planted in Mato Grosso and to validate proposed vegetative propagation techniques for the species. To predict the density of the wood, Pilodyn equipment was used on 20 adult trees. From each individual, three sampling points were determined: at the base of the trunk, at 1.30 m and 3.10 m, on the north and south sides of the tree. The use of Pilodyn for the prediction of the basic density of the wood in the balsa stick proved to be efficient and applicable when performed at 1.30 m in height. For the selection and phenotypic divergence, 70 individuals of balsa stick, seeds from Brazil and Ecuador were selected. The following measures were obtained: total height of the individual, DBH and basic wood density. The Euclidean dissimilarity matrix and the Toucher optimization method were performed. Variability was found between individuals, with the formation of nine different groups using the Toucher optimization method, with emphasis on genotypes A09 and A14, both of Ecuadorian origin. For vegetative propagation, 240 cuttings were selected from 10 pre-selected matrices. The treatments were carried out with different concentrations of AIB, in DIC, with 4 repetitions. The percentage of survival, calluses and root formation after 60 days were analyzed. It was found that after this period, the treatments did not obtain a significant response to root formation, and presented low survival, making the vegetative propagation of balsa stick unfeasible by cutting. Analyzing the research for the pre-breeding of the species, Pilodyn is indicated for in situ assessment of the wood density at 1.30 in height and that the analyzed plantations present phenotypic variability, with emphasis on trees of Ecuadorian origin. However, vegetative propagation through cuttings proved to be unfeasible for the species.

The mung bean lines, selected by the breeding program of Embrapa Meio-Norte, are evaluated in the state of Mato Grosso during the off season to assess the adaptability and stability of production and other phenotypes of agronomic interest. In this work, the objective was to evaluate the response of lines to grain yield by applying fertilizers. The experiments were installed with and without application of fertilizer, with two tests per site, with the same lines, varying only the application of fertilizer, one without application (zero fertilizer) and the other with application of the formulated NPK 0-20- 20 in the sowing furrow and 45 kg / ha of nitrogen in cover, 25 to 30 days after emergence. The doses were defined considering the soil analysis at each location. The experiments were conducted in Sorriso-MT 2019, Sorriso-MT 2020, Sinop-MT 2019 and Sinop-MT 2020, totaling four trials without fertilizer and four with fertilization. Before sowing samples were collected composed of soil from the 0-0.20m layer, for physical, chemical characterization and interpretation of soil fertility. The tests consisted of eleven treatments, ten pre-commercial lines and one control. The experimental design was the DBC, with 3 replicates, plots of 2 lines of 4m in length and 0.50m spacing. The cultivation value, the length of the pod, number of grains per pod, the mass of 100 grains, grain yield and the grain index were evaluated. In general, a significant effect was observed between strains for all evaluated characteristics, indicating the presence of variation between them. The interaction between treatments and environments was not significant, indicating that there was no change in the classification of strains, regardless of whether the environment was fertilized or not. The strains that showed the best response to fertilization were BRA-000027 (MV4) and BG3 (MV10). The strain BRA-000027 was the one with the best general adaptability and also the best for unfavorable environments. The BG3 strain showed the best adaptability to favorable environments.

Nos últimos anos algumas espécies do gênero passiflora têm despertado o interesse dos mercados de plantas ornamentais por conta da exuberância dos ramos e da beleza exótica das flores, agregando o potencial paisagístico à importância econômica alimentícia. O principal responsável para esse crescimento é o desenvolvimento de técnicas biotecnológicas com a produção de cultivares híbridos ou poliploides. O projeto objetiva avaliar o comportamento meiótico, o cariótipo e hibridização in situ em plantas triploides de Passiflora foetida obtidas a partir do cultivo in vitro de tecido endospérmico. Serão realizadas medidas de morfometria cromossômica, bandeamento e Hibridização In Situ Fluorescente (FISH), além disso, o comportamento meiótico também será avaliado, de modo que seja possível identificar o número, o grau de anormalidades cromossômicas e a estabilidade meiótica durante o processo de formação dos grãos de pólen. Também pretende-se observar o grau de viabilidade polínica, bem como analisar as normalidades parentais. A partir da confecção de cariótipos, será possível fazer a contagem e comparação dos cromossomos dos triploides com os seus respectivos diploides. Por meio de técnicas de bandeamento, pretende-se traçar e comparar perfis de heterocromatina dos cromossomos, quantificando os sítios CMA+ o método de hibridação Fluoresente In Situ (FISH) será realizado a fim de quantificar e localizar os sítios de DNAr 5S e 45S.

The identification of genotypes with high production potential and with broad stability and adaptability is one of the main targets of maize breeding programs (Zea mays). That is why, before being recommended to farmers, these genotypes are evaluated in multi-environmental tests. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability and stability of corn hybrids in six environments in the North of Mato Grosso and Southeast of Rondônia. For this, 36 simple corn hybrids were evaluated in six environments, namely: Vilhena-RO, Sorriso-MT, Alta Floresta-MT, Carlinda-MT and Sinop-MT, since the latter was evaluated in two years of production (2017/2018 and 2018/2019), thus totaling six environments. The experiments were outlined in a square lattice (6x6) and in 2 repetitions. Each experimental plot was composed of two rows of four meters long, spaced 0.7 m apart, making a total of 144 experimental units (36x2x2). The PG was obtained by weighing the threshed grains from each plot, afterwards, the data were subjected to stand correction, from the analysis of covariance with correction for ideal stand, corrected to 13% humidity and converted to kg.ha-1. Stability and adaptability were assessed using the methods of Annicchiarico (1992), Lin & Binns (1988), Eberhart & Russel (1966) and AMMI using the Genes program and for the REML/Blup method, the Selegen software was used. There was a significant difference (p <0.01) for the effects of environments and GXA interaction. The Annichiarico methodology revealed the environments of Vilhena-RO, Sorriso-MT and Alta Floresta-MT as the favorable cultivation environments and the 1P2255 genotype with adaptability in all cultivation environments. The method proposed by Lin & Binns, on the other hand, revealed the genotypes DKB310, 1P2247, 1L1411, 1P2215, 1P2267 and 1M1782 showed adaptability to general environments. For the Eberhart & Russel method, the genotypes with high average grain yield, broad adaptability and high stability were 1O2112, 1P2203, 1P2184, 1P2212, 1P2255 and 1P2231. The AMMI method identified the 1P2255 genotype as more productive and also more adapted and stable for the evaluated environments. The REMEL / Blup methodology indicated the genotypes DKB310, 1P2247, 1L1411, 1P2255, 1P2215, 1P2214, 1M1782, 1P2267, DKB390, 1M1807, 1N1958, 1P2184 and 1P2231 as the most stable, adaptable and with the best productive performances. The methodologies of Annicchiarico, Eberhart & Russel, AMMI and REMEL/Blup showed similar results in the classification and recommendation of hybrids1P2255 with wide adaptability. However, there was a divergence in the indication of hybrids with specific adaptability to favorable and unfavorable environments.

The balsa tree (Ochroma pyramidale Cav. ex Lam. Urb) belongs to the Malvaceae family, and is a perennial tree species which is native to South and Central America. The species is widely used in the recovery of degraded areas and its harvesting has proved to be a productive activity of economic value for the production of low density wood. However, knowledge regarding the reproductive aspects and genetic diversity of this species is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze aspects of reproductive biology and evaluate the genetic diversity of populations of O. pyramidale cultivated in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. For analyses related to reproductive aspects, flower buds at different stages of development were collected in the municipalities of Sinop, Itaúba and Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, and were used to study palynology, meiotic index, cytochemistry and pollen viability. For the genetic diversity investigation, PCR reactions were performed with 15 ISSR primers, using DNA extracted from young leaves of 60 individuals of O. pyramidale, which were collected from three populations in the municipality of Guarantã, Mato Grosso. The results demonstrate that the pollens of O. pyramidale are of the suboblat type, triporate, large, have a large polar area and sexine with reticulated ornamentation. The species has a high percentage of viable pollen, regular meiotic index and has starch and lipid as storage substances in pollen. ISSR primers amplified a total of 111 loci, of which 97.3% were polymorphic. The values of genetic dissimilarity obtained from the complement of the Jaccard index ranged from 0.17 to 0.79, not showing identical individuals in genetic terms. The genetic diversity of Nei (0.32) and Shannon Index (0.48) for the species is indicative that there is genetic diversity among the 60 individuals studied. AMOVA revealed that 71% of the total genetic variation is found in populations while 29% among the evaluated populations. The ISSR molecular markers were efficient in analyzing the genetic diversity of the 60 individuals of O. pyramidale, and can be considered promising sources of genetic resources for selection and use in breeding programs. Furthermore, the study enabled the expansion of knowledge regarding the reproductive aspects and the genetic diversity of O. pyramidale, which is useful information both for conservation of this species, as well as for breeding programs.

Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) are of great importance in the global diet due to their low cost and nutritional quality. Several factors limit the production of the crop, especially the disease called white mold, caused by the phytopathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary. Among the most suitable control methods, which offer greater savings and less risk to the environment, is the use of resistant cultivars, through genetic resistance. Thus, this study aimed to identify sources of resistance to white mold among common bean cultivars of Andean and Mesoamerican origin. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and in a laboratory in a Randomized Block Design (DBC) with six replications and two inoculation methods, the straw test straw inoculation method, with 109 genotypes. The experiment was carried out at the State University of Mato Grosso, Cáceres and at the Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Biotechnology also in Caceres, Mato Grosso, between the months of March and May 2019. It was used by UFV-Ss493, grown in BDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) poured into 90 x 30 mm Petri dishes, stored in the BOD chamber (Bioclimatic Oxygen Demand) with a temperature of 23 ° C and a photoperiod of 12 hours. The inoculation method can consist of inoculated plants 21 to 28 days after planting, cutting with sterile scalpel at the point of growth of the plant below the second well-developed trefoil. While the seedling test uses plants for 15-day inoculation, cutting with a sterilized scalpel at the point of growth of the main stem of the plant below the first trefoil and displaying a mycelium disk followed by the protection of a 200 ul bridge. Variables of lesion length and scores were observed every two days. There was a significant difference in all variables, such as the cannula inoculation method and the cannula inoculation method. The genotypes BGF 205, BGF 203, BGF 200 and BGF 67 were considered the most resident when compared to the other bean materials used in this work. Therefore, these genotypes can be considered as a source of resistance to the pathogen that causes white mold in the improvement protocols of common beans.

Learning becomes more captivating as new content is incorporated into knowledge structures in students' daily school life. With this, they acquire meanings for studies from the relationship with knowledge in practice. The Inga genus has a great diversity of species, known on average 300 species of the Neotropical genus, having great diversity in the Amazon Forest. This work had as objective, a practical class on the cell division (Mitosis), with the visualization and identification of the plant cells of Allium cepa by the students of the 2nd year of high school and Behavior of the cell cycle of Allium cepa L. through the cytotoxic potential , genotoxic and antiproliferative of infusions of leaves of Inga edulis, Inga pilosula, Inga laurina and Inga macrophylla. For the study, theoretical and practical classes were held with students in the Didactic laboratory. For laboratory analysis, four plant species of the genus Inga were used. The test organism used was Allium cepa bulbs. The infusions were obtained from the dry leaves of Inga edulis, Inga pilosula, Inga laurina and Inga macrophylla collected during the dry and rainy season.

With the results obtained, it was found that practical classes are considered of great importance in the teaching-learning process. When teaching the theoretical class and then applying the questionnaire, statistical data was obtained below 60% of correct answers in the identification of mitotic cells. However, after the theoretical and practical class, and applying the same questionnaire, a statistical percentage above 80% of correct answers in the identification of mitotic cells was obtained. According to the analysis of Allium cepa cells, using the Direct and Indirect Method for both periods, exposed under the infusions (1g, 1.5g 2g) of the dried leaves of Inga edulis, Inga pilosula, Inga laurina and Inga macrophylla, obtained considerable statistical differences between the two Methods. The species I. edulis, I. laurina and I. macrophylla showed the highest rates of cell division. With regard to the Anomaly Index (ÍA), the Indirect Method obtained the highest rates of abnormal cells for both species. For the Interphase Percentage, the Direct method obtained the highest percentages of interphasic cells. These data, when compared with the negative and positive controls, showed lower and higher percentage results, with a statistical difference between treatments. This study showed that the four species, had genotoxic and cytotoxic effects under the roots of Allium cepa

The objectives of this research were to overcome the dormancy of seeds of Passiflora alata and Passiflora cincinnata MAST. as well as to evaluate the internal and external morphology of P. cincinnata seeds by X-ray test and image analysis using GroundEye^® software, aiming to relate the seed morphology to their respective maturation stages and to establish the ideal moment for collecting fruits, associating with the quality of the seeds. To overcome dormancy, the pre-germinative treatments were: imbibition in Fluridone^® in concentrations of 0,1; 10 and 100 µM, for 12, 24 and 48 hours; soaking in Promalin^® in concentrations of 0,03; 0,45, 0,90 and 2%, for 6 and 12 hours. The treatments were distributed in DIC, with four replications of 25 seeds. Germination, meantime, germination speed index, germination uncertainty and synchrony were evaluated. The results revealed that in seeds of P. alata, Promalin^® at a concentration of 0,90% in 12 hours of imbibition, guaranteed better germination results, average germination time and germination speed index. For seeds of P. cincinnata, treatment with Promalin^® is effective at a concentration of 2% for 6 hours, promoting an increase in germination and the rate of germination speed. To perform the X-ray test and image analysis using the GroundEye^® software, four replications of 50 seeds were used for each stage of ripening of the fruit of P. cincinnata (green, “from time to time”, mature and senescent). The seeds submitted to X-ray exposure were classified as full or empty. GroundEye^® equipment was used for computer image analysis, evaluating 15 descriptors related to color dominance and 7 geometry. Subsequently, the seeds were evaluated for germination percentage. From the X-ray test, it was found that there was no statistical difference between the maturation stages. The results obtained by the GroundEye^® software indicate differences in color and geometry between the fruit ripening stages. It is concluded that the seeds of P. cincinnata can be collected from fruits in the mature and senescent stages without prejudice to the physiological quality.

In the culture of passion fruit, seeds are considered the main form of propagation, the species of passion fruit besides having seeds with different biometric aspects, also have different dormancy mechanisms. For the following work seeds of the Passiflora eichleriana, Passiflora nitida and Passiflora mucronata species were used, submitted to biometric analysis where data were submitted to descriptive statistical analysis to determine the mean (M), median (MD), kurtosis (K), standard deviation (DV), coefficient of variation (CV), maximum (MAX) and minimum (MIN) and data amplitude (AMP), and after biometric analyzes were submitted to germination test after treatments to overcome dormancy, obtaining the germination percentage (%), average germination speed (VMG) and average germination time (TMG). With the biometric analysis of the data, we can conclude that the seeds of the analyzed species vary in height, length and thickness, not only within the species, but when compared with other species of the same genus. In overcoming dormancy, it was observed that for the P. crisp species the highest percentage of germination was observed in the treatments with GA3 dosages: 2000 mg L-1, 3000 mg L-1, 4000 mg L-1 during 6 hours of soaking and 4000 mg L-1 during 12 hours of soaking, and also in treatments with dosages of 4500 mg L-1 and 9000 mg L-1 of Promalin® during 12 hours of soaking. For P. eichleriana, the seeds showed higher germination percentages in the soaking treatments in 9000 mg L-1 solution of Promalin® during 6 hours of soaking and 4500 mg L-1 and 9000 mg L-1 of Promalin® during 12 hours of soaking. For the species P. mucronata it is observed that the treatments 4500 mg L-1 and 9000 mg L-1 of Promalin® during 12 hours of imbibition and 2000 mg L-1, 3000 mg L-1, 4000 mg L-1 during 6 hours of soaking and 4000 mg L-1 for 12 hours of soaking show better germination percentages.