Banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO: ZACARELI MASSUQUINI

Uma banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
DISCENTE : ZACARELI MASSUQUINI
DATA : 29/09/2023
HORA: 08:00
LOCAL: Google Meet
TÍTULO:

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF HERBICIDES IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS IN THE STATE OF MATO GROSSO AND THE 

USE OF GLYPHOSATE FOR MANAGEMENT OF WEEDS IN COTTON CROP

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:

Pesticides, Toxicology, Environmental Risk, Gossypium hirsutum L., Weed Management

PÁGINAS: 77
GRANDE ÁREA: Ciências Agrárias
ÁREA: Agronomia
SUBÁREA: Fitossanidade
ESPECIALIDADE: Defesa Fitossanitária
RESUMO:

With the extensive areas of cultivation in Brazil, phytosanitary problems often occur, which has increased the use of pesticides in production systems. In this sense, there is great concern about how these compounds can be harmful to the environment, and the proposed Environmental Risk Index (ERI) serves as a tool to manage the environmental impacts of pesticides. In addition, the search for more effective management strategies, such as the correct use of herbicides in doses and correct stages of application, has been promising adaptations that aim to reduce the great exposure and deleterious effects of herbicides on the environmental agroecosystem. Thus, the objectives of this work were: (i) to carry out an ERI based on the main herbicides used to control weeds in the state of Mato Grosso; (ii) use of glyphosate, one of the most used herbicides in current agriculture, in the management of weeds in cotton crops. physicochemical properties were obtained from the Pesticide Properties Database (PPDB) of the University of Hertfordshire and Pesticide Properties Database (PPD) of the US Department of Agriculture. The parameters used for ERI were: soil persistence, leaching, volatility, recommended dose and toxicological profile of herbicides. Regarding the evaluation of weed management in cotton, field tests were carried out during the 2021/22 harvest. Thirteen treatments were evaluated using the herbicides pyrithiobac-sodium, trifloxysulfuron-sodium and glyphosate, alone and in mixtures, differing in the application system. The main herbicides used to control weeds in soybean, corn and cotton crops in Mato Grosso amount to 200,752,280 kg of active ingredients (ai) in decreasing order of environmental risk: Atrazine > diuron > trifluralin > glyphosate > 2,4-d ≥ ethephon > clomazone > s-metalachlor > diquat ≥ haloxyfop > clethodim ≥ glufosinate ammonium. The herbicides, atrazine, MSMA, diuron, trifluralia and pendimethalin, were used. which had a higher ERI, due to their greater persistence in the environment, toxicological profile and dose. Glyphosate is the largest amount commercialized, with a higher ERI, due to its high dose of use, however its persistence in the environment, leaching and volatility are low. However, all compounds showed medium to very high levels of toxicity, becoming a worrying factor if they reach non-target populations, such as birds, fish and bees. As for the evaluation of the use of glyphosate, it presented significant control of weeds, being efficient for this, in the doses and working times, however the mixtures of glyphosate and trifloxysulfuron -sodium in the first application reduced the final potential of the cotton, differing from those of more treatment chemicals. The exposure of the cotton plant to glyphosate did not reduce the productive potential. In view of the results presented, it is hoped that the ERI will contribute to efficient management and planning that causes less environmental impact, in the choice of herbicides that are less aggressive to agroecosystems. In this way, this tool can help in a more adequate management of weeds, being able to indicate the most opportune moment and way to carry out the intervention, aiming at reducing the selection pressure and optimizing the effectiveness of the weed

MEMBROS DA BANCA:
Presidente - 221918004 - MIRIAM HIROKO INOUE
Interno - 101366004 - MONICA JOSENE BARBOSA PEREIRA
Externo à Instituição - KASSIO FERREIRA MENDES - UFV