Biogeography, phylogeny and ecology of ferns in neotropical rocky environments along Savanna-Forest macrogradients
rocky outcrops, phytogeography, rupicolous plants, Amazon-Cerrado transition.
We examined the species richness, floristic composition, ecological aspects, geographical distribution and conservation status of ferns of rupestrian environments in the Southern Amazon and in the contact region between Amazon and Cerrado. We collected specimens in 1 ha plots and, considering the species occurring in these environments, compiled their occurrences and evaluate ecological and conservation attributes from online databases. We recorded 37 species, distributed in 21 genera and 13 families. The family Pteridaceae and the genus Anemia (Anemiaceae) seem to be characteristic of rocky environments, as they are the most representative taxa. In these environments, we recorded the largest number of terrestrial species with terrestrial substrate preference and no endemic species. The sampled species have wide distribution and two are restricted to Brazil. Among the 32 species identified at the specific level, two are classified as “Least Concern” and one as “Vulnerable”; In turn, 32 species do not have enough data to be included in any conservation category. We accessed the conservation status of these 32 species using the range of occurrence (all framed as “Least Concern”) and the area of occupation (20 “Threatened” and 12 “Vulnerable” species). Although we have listed a small percentage of the total number of fern species in rocky environments, we documented and filedl gaps on the ecology, biogeography and conservation of these species in rock environments. We identified biogeographic and ecological patterns of fern species from rocky environments in a savanna-forest gradient in Brazil that can be generalized to this still little known group.