Banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO: NATASHA RAYANE DE OLIVEIRA LIMA

Uma banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO de DOUTORADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
DISCENTE : NATASHA RAYANE DE OLIVEIRA LIMA
DATA : 10/04/2024
HORA: 16:00
LOCAL: Sala virtual do google meet
TÍTULO:

HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT IN THE LEGAL AMAZON: an integrated approach to health indicators, air quality and climate change.

PALAVRAS-CHAVES:

climate change, forest fires, temperature, indicators of morbidity and mortality. 

PÁGINAS: 120
GRANDE ÁREA: Outra
ÁREA: Ciências Ambientais
RESUMO:

The Brazilian Legal Amazon faces an intense process of deforestation, which combined with the context of climate change and weaknesses in environmental monitoring agencies, has resulted in an increase in the frequency and intensity of forest fires. The emissions of pollutants and rise in temperature represent a significant threat to human health. This thesis is presented in three manuscripts, aiming to analyze health indicators defined by morbidity and mortality, the impact of exposure to air pollution, as well as the association between overall mortality and cardiopulmonary-related diseases and the increase in average daily temperature in the Legal Amazon and surrounding areas over the last two decades (2010 – 2021). The first manuscript presents an analysis of the health situation through morbidity and mortality indicators and intra and interstate comparisons within the region and Brazil. Temporal and spatial analyses were conducted with identification of clusters from 2010 to 2021. Diseases of the circulatory system stood out as the leading cause of death, representing 23% of the deaths. Additionally, 52.6% of infant deaths occurred in the early neonatal period, with the infant mortality rate above the national average. The maternal mortality ratio was also high between 2010 and 2021. Rates of diseases such as Chagas disease, AIDS, leprosy, American cutaneous leishmaniasis, and tuberculosis remained above the national average. Locations at the extremes of the Legal Amazon, such as São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Vale do Acre, southern Mato Grosso, as well as the capitals Belém and São Luís, are high-risk areas for the analyzed outcomes. The second manuscript estimated the impact on mortality and hospitalizations from respiratory and circulatory diseases due to exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in residents of the Legal Amazon and surrounding areas. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was associated with a total of 15,622 (3%) deaths from cardiovascular diseases and 8,042 (3.8%) deaths from respiratory diseases, as well as 23,439 (1.3%) hospitalizations for cardiovascular diseases and 108,868 (3.9%) hospitalizations for respiratory diseases. The sub-region with the highest concentration of (PM2.5) was the Arc of Deforestation, and the capital Porto Velho-RO recorded the highest daily average exposures. In the third manuscript, exposure-response curves were estimated between temperature and health outcomes, which will be applied in projections and quantification of the attributable fraction of deaths. From 2010 to 2019, there were 319,474 deaths in the elderly age group and 535,300 deaths in the entire population from all causes. For cardiopulmonary diseases, there were 150,168 deaths in the elderly age group and 202,898 deaths in the general population. The average daily temperature ranged from 25.4°C in Rio Branco to 26.9°C in Boa Vista. The minimum risk temperatures for overall mortality ranged from 23.9°C to 27.7°C for the elderly, and from 23.7°C to 26.8°C for the total population. The exposure-response curves showed different patterns among the capitals, highlighting the complexity of the relationships between temperature and mortality. Given the challenges presented by the results of this study, it is concluded that it is necessary to prioritize adaptation measures and specific public health interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of high temperature, especially among the most vulnerable groups such as the elderly, as well as to reduce the impacts of exposure to fine particulate matter and morbidity and mortality in the region. These results provide valuable insights to support the formulation of policies and public strategies aimed at mitigating and adapting to climate change, especially in the health sector.

MEMBROS DA BANCA:
Presidente - 82314101 - ELIANE IGNOTTI
Interno - 83200001 - AUREA REGINA ALVES IGNACIO
Interno - 118188003 - ERNANDES SOBREIRA OLIVEIRA JUNIOR
Interno - 181.924.407-53 - SANDRA DE SOUZA HACON - Fiocruz - RJ
Externo à Instituição - 002.523.781-05 - BEATRIZ FATIMA ALVES DE OLIVEIRA - Fiocruz - RJ
Externo à Instituição - 093.449.757-52 - Ludmilla da Silva Viana Jacobson - UFF